2021-02-112021-02-112008ARAÚJO-FILHO, João Alves de et al. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a case report and literature review. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Salvador , v. 12, n. 5, p. 447-452, 2008.1413-8670e- 1678-4391http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/handle/ri/19356Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is an emerging health problem that threatens tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide, since suitable treatment for this disease has not yet been found. We report a case of secondary pulmonary XDR-TB in a 54-year–old, HIV-negative male from Goiânia, Brazil. The patient had long-standing pulmonary tuberculosis (nine years) with extensive bilateral lung damage and had been treated with multiple antituberculosis drugs (self-administered) before XDR-TB diagnosis. The strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was resistant to R- rifampicin, H-isoniazid, E-ethambutol, Eto-ethionamide, Ofx-ofloxacin, and Am-amikacin. This patient died with multiple organ failure due to sepsis secondary to bacterial pneumonia.engAcesso AbertoExtensively drug-resistant tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosisXDR-TBTuberculosisArtigo10.1590/S1413-86702008000500019