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    Fusarium sacchari associado à podridão do colmo em milho doce no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-01-17) Carrer Filho, Renato; Guimarães, Mariana; Abreu, Vanessa Pereira de; Rocha, Geisiane Alves; Menezes, Renato de Carvalho; Dias, Vanessa Duarte; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da
    Sweet corn is susceptible to the attack of various pathogens that affect its metabolism and compromise its quality and production. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of stem rot in sweet corn plants under greenhouse conditions. The identity of the pathogenic isolate was confirmed by sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4), beta tubulin (BT2A/BT2B), calmodulin (CL1/CL2) and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1). The morphological and sequencing characteristics showed that Fusarium sacchari, which belongs to the Fusarium fujikuroi complex, is directly associated with the symptoms observed in the field. This fungal isolate has never been associated with diseases in Zea mays (saccharata group) in Brazil; therefore, this is the first report of the fungus infecting sweet corn in a cultivated area.
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    Perfil de compostos voláteis liberados por waitea circinata contra magnaporthe oryzae sob diferentes períodos e temperaturas
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-26) Cruz, Luiza Vieira da; Santos, Marcos Henrique Faleiros; Gama, Bryna Tamilla Alves Falcão; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Terezan, Ana Paula; Oliveira Neto, Jerônimo Raimundo de; Cunha, Luiz Carlos da; Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana de; Silva, Márcia Matos da; Coelho, Carla Thaís Pereira
    Rice blast caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae pathogen is a major disease in this crop, and may cause devastating losses. This study aimed to investigate the profile of Waitea circinata mycorrhiza volatile compounds in antagonism to M. oryzae, under different growth periods and temperatures, using a completely randomized design. Volatile organic compounds were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, while multidimensional scaling was used to compare the produced volatile organic compounds. The main compounds responsible by the antagonism to M. oryzae were longifolene, trans-β- farnesene, (Z)-α-bisabolene and δ-amorphene, which can be used as biofungicides and incorporated into rice blast management strategies.
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    Reação de genótipos de feijoeiro a nematoides de plantas
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-06) Dias, Waldir Pereira; Wendland, Adriane; Carneiro, Geraldo Estevam de Souza; Oliveira Filho, Flavio Gonçalves de; Lopes, Ivani de Oliveira Negrão
    Among the efficient strategies to manage plant parasitic nematodes, the use of resistant cultivars stands out for being frequently the easiest and least expensive approach that can be adopted by farmers. However, for the common bean, in Brazil, few sources of resistance have been identified so far. This study aimed to assess the reaction of 81 common bean genotypes to the most abundant and harmful plant parasitic nematode species in Brazilian crop fields. Genotypes resistant to all tested nematodes were observed: 7 to Heterodera glycines, 2 to Pratylenchus brachyurus, 15 to Meloidogyne incognita and 8 to M. javanica.
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    Agro-morphological characterization and genetic divergence assessment in bush snap bean genotypes
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-30) Vaz, Daniela da Costa; Morais Júnior, Odilon Peixoto de; Peixoto, Nei
    The characterization and identification of genetically divergent parents for crosses are important tasks in snap bean breeding programs, for a greater availability of cultivars to growers. This study aimed at characterizing bush snap bean genotypes originating from different countries; assessing the genetic divergence between the genotypes and the genetic variability extent, concerning 12 agro-morphological traits; and determining the relative importance of these traits for the genetic divergence. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with 29 genotypes and four replications. The UPGMA and Tocher optimization methods, both based on the generalized distance of Mahalanobis, and the canonical variables method were used to analyze the genetic divergence. The genotypes exhibited a wide range of genetic variability for the agro-morphological traits evaluated, mainly for 100-seed weight, aspect and yield of commercial pods, plant height at harvest and pod weight. A high genetic divergence was detected between the genotypes, in which the 100-seed weight and aspect of commercial pods were the most important traits for clustering. Some genotypes own desirable characteristics for these and other traits, given the favorable genetic associations between traits. The snap bean genotypes originated from different countries tended to cluster together, indicating that similar germplasm is shared among different countries, thus suggesting a strong trans-national seed exchange.
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    Eficiência e desempenho operacional de máquinas harvester e forwarder na colheita florestal
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-02) Linhares, Mariana; Sette Junior, Carlos Roberto; Campos, Fernando; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
    The knowledge on productive capacity and variable elements that affect machines efficiency is essential for optimizing operations in forest harvesting. This study aimed to evaluate Harvester and Forwarder machines efficiency and operational performance, for forest exploitation, in the south of the Bahia State, Brazil. Data concerning the number of programmed and effective working hours, as well as reasons for machine downtime, were collected from historical archives, from October 2010 to September 2011. Based on these data, the total working hours, operational efficiency, and mechanical availability were calculated. Harvester machines showed an average of total working hours of 480 hours and 18 minutes, being 75.6% (363.2 hours) of effective work and 24.4% (117.1 hours) of downtime. Forwarder machines showed an average of total working hours of 481 hours and 36 minutes, being 84.7% (407.9 hours) of effective work and 15.3% (73.7 hours) of downtime. The average operational efficiency was of 73.2%, for the Harvester, and 82.2%, for the Forwarder, and technical downtimes, such as displacements and corrective and preventive maintenances, comprised the main reason for explaining those values. The machines operational performance showed to be adequate, according to time distribution, with 76% and 85% of effective working time, respectively for the Harvester and Forwarder, and an average of 89% for mechanical availability, for both machines, which showed satisfactory operational efficiency (above 70%).
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    Doses e formas de aplicação da adubação potássica na rotação soja, milheto e algodão em sistema plantio direto
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-18) Bernardi, Alberto Carlos de Campos; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patricio de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Oliveira, Tiago Gomes da Silva Mesquita de; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana; Freitas, Pedro Luiz de
    The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of potassium fertilizer application, as related to rate, placement (in-row, broadcast, and split topdress) and time (before sowing, at sowing, and topdressing), in a soybean, pearl millet, and cotton no-till rotation system, in a typic dystrophic Red Latosol (Hapludox), in Turvelândia, Goiás State, Brazil (17o 51’S, 50o 18’W). The experimental design was a factorial randomized block, with 4 replications. Potassium source was KCl. Potassium was applied to soybean (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, and 180 kg ha-1 of K2O) in the planting row or broadcasted before sowing, at sowing, or topdressed. For cotton, the K rates were 0 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1, and 240 kg ha-1 of K2 O, applied before sowing and placed in the planting row, with none or one topdressing, or split in two applications. The pre-planting cotton K was applied in the pearl millet. There was no effect of potassium fertilization on soybean yield. As a cover crop, pearl millet used, more efficiently, the 60 kg ha-1 of K2 O rate. Results showed that the best cotton agronomic efficiency was obtained with 146 kg ha-1 of K2 O, supplied before sowing. Results also showed positive effects of potassium fertilization on cotton fiber quality.
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    Avaliação da lipase extracelular de Pseudomonas cepacia para purificação em sistema bifásico aquoso
    (2011-03) Padilha, Giovana da Silva; Secato, Juliana Ferrari Ferreira; Castigliono, Gabriel Luis; Alegre, Ranulfo Monte; Tambourgi, Elias Basile
    In this work, Pseudomonas cepacia was used for fermentation in bioreactor Bioflo III at 150 rpm, at 30 °C to 96 hours. Fermentation was conducted at 150 rpm for 96 hours in 30 °C. We analyzed the enzyme activity under different conditions of temperature (20 to 50 °C) and pH (3.0 to 11.0). The optimum activity values obtained were 37 °C and 8.0, respectively. To evaluate thermal stability, the enzyme was incubated in temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 °C for 120 minutes. Preliminary experiments were carried out to verify the appropriate conditions that should be used after the enzyme partition. Some tests were performed to determine some optimal conditions of lipase, including temperature and pH and tests of thermal stability using temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C. Next, the characterization of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) with PEG molar weight of 1500, 4000, and 6000 and phosphate varying pH 6 to 8 was made. Stock solutions of PEG 1500, 4000 and 6000 (50% w/w) and phosphate (20% w/w KH2PO4/K2HPO4) were prepared at the appropriate pH. This study on the characterization of the ATPS can be used for posterior partition of lipase, as well as of biological products within this pH range.
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    Analytical modeling and numerical optimization of the biosurfactants production in solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus fumigatus
    (2014-03) Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Stanescu, George; Rocha, Luiz Alberto Oliveira; Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira
    This is an experimental, analytical and numerical study to optimize the biosurfactants production in solid-state fermentation of a medium containing rice straw and minced rice bran inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus. The goal of this work was to analytically model the biosurfactants production in solid-state fermentation into a column fixed bed bioreactor. The Least-Squares Method was used to adjust the emulsification activity experimental values to a quadratic function semi-empirical model. Control variables were nutritional conditions, the fermentation time and the aeration. The mathematical model is validated against experimental results and then used to predict the maximum emulsification activity for different nutritional conditions and aerations. Based on the semi-empirical model the maximum emulsification activity with no additional hydrocarbon sources was 8.16 UE·g-1 for 112 h. When diesel oil was used the predicted maximum emulsification activity was 8.10 UE·g-1 for 108 h.
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    Production of lipase by Aspergillus fumigatus in solid state fermentation using residues from rice
    (2015-12) Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira
    Muchos factores pueden influenciar el proceso de producción de las lipasas. Entre ellos se encuentran el suministro de aire y el tipo de sustrato. Avances biotecnológicos en la producción industrial de la lipasa han permitido la utilización de esta enzima en distintos sectores, siendo esto económicamente viable. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción de lipasa por Aspergillus fumigatus en distintas condiciones nutricionales y de aireación. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en biorreactores de columna con medio de cultivo sin fuente adicional de carbono, aceite de soja y diesel, bien como 0, 40, 60, 80, 120 y 200 mLaire.gmedio -1.h-1. Se observó diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) en los resultados de actividad enzimática. Las mejores actividades fueron 103,13, 105,76 y 100,19 U.g-1 usando 80 mLaire.gmedio -1.h-1, sin fuentes adicionales de carbono, añadiendo aceite de soja y diesel, respectivamente.
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    Construção e avaliação do desempenho de três trilhadoras de arroz
    (2001) Silva, José Geraldo da; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Barcellos, Luiz Carlos; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo
    Among all field operations related to the rice crop, harvesting is one of the most important due to its high cost and also because it directly affects grain yield and product quality. Harvesting demands a great portion of the manual labor required in small farms, where the threshing operations are also performed manually by impacting the plants against a hard surface. Mechanical threshing not only improves labor efficiency but also reduces grain breakage during milling. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the performance of three machines designed for threshing upland and lowland rice cultivars, using three different operational procedures: intermittent plant feeding, pedal operated; intermittent plant feeding, motor operated; and continuous plant feeding, motor operated. In the trials, long and short stemmed plants were used as well as grains with different moisture contents. The machine using the intermittent plant feeding system with motor operation, showed greater threshing capacity than the other two. Short stemmed plants produced higher threshing yields when compared to the long stemmed ones.
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    Potencial de redução do consumo de energia elétrica pela utilização de aquecedores solares no estado de Goiás
    (2008-09) Oliveira, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; Ferreira, Regis de Castro; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Lobato, Engler José Vidigal; Medeiros, Antônio Marcos de Melo
    A technical viability analysis on reduction of the electric power consumption by the substitution of electric showers by the adoption of solar heaters and analysis of monthly savings costs for the municipalities of State of Goiás (Brazil) were performed. Using processing of local weather data, aided by the geographical information applicative SPRING, irradiancy values (MJ m-2 year-1) and the number of annual hours of solar shine on earth surface and on the top of the atmosphere, were calculated. Based on census data, the average monthly electric power consumption per household (kWh month-1) and the total one per year (kWh year-1), and the reduction on the monthly cost per household were estimated. Analyzed is also the reduction of flow that passes in turbine (m3 s-1) from the main hydroelectric power plant of State of Goiás and on the relationship between the total annual power (kW) and that one generated by same plant (kW) were predicted. At last, economic analysis of the results for the proposed substitution showed an average monthly diminution of about R$ 36.92 (US$ 17.00) on the energy bill, per household and an average term of 13 months for the return of the invested capital. One concluded by the technical, economical and environmental viability for the substitution of electric showers by thermal heaters/reservoirs systems.
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    Tratamento de esgoto doméstico por zona de raízes precedida de tanque séptico
    (2010) Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Pitulga, Douglas Pereira da Silva; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu
    The use of plants to treat sewage is an efficient and of low cost alternative to conventional systems. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of an experimental wastewater treatment station of the type root zone, preceded by septic tank, at a house, in Goiânia, GO, Brazil. The septic tank was designed according to NBR 7229 (ABNT, 1993). The root zone bed followed the guidelines of Philippi and Sezerino (2004) and was planted with white ginger (Hedychium coronarium J. König) and cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). Four months after the start of wastewater application it was evaluated the percentage reduction on Biochemical Oxygen Demand (90.7%), Chemical Oxygen Demand (81.1%) and Thermotolerant Coliforms (99.99998%). Considering the studied attributes, the system was efficient in treating the wastewater, meeting the standards established by the current Brazilian law.
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    Tratamento de esgoto de uma unidade de ensino superior por meio de um sistema de zona de raízes
    (2011) Pitaluga, Douglas Pereira da Silva; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Rocha, Barbara Cristina Castro de Melo
    The use of plants in wastewater treatment has been ratified as an alternative efficient, sustainable and of low cost for conventional treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of root zone system at a sanitary sewage treatment, for the climatic conditions of Goiânia-GO, Brazil. For this, it was built an experimental treatment station at the School of Civil Engineering, from the Federal University of Goiás (EEC / UFG), consisting of a septic tank, an anaerobic biological filter and three root zone beds, in parallel, using sand and crushed stones number zero and number one, respectively, as a substrate. The system was efficient in the removal of BOD (98.5%), COD (95.8%) and thermotolerant coliforms (99.99%).
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    Considerando a evapotranspiração no cálculo de eficiência de estações de tratamento de esgoto com planta
    (2011-12) Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Ucker, Fernando Ernesto
    Emerging as an alternative to currently known conventional sewage treatment systems, the use of systems that imitate natural processes becomes the target of new researches every day. Proved by several researchers, the sewage treatment systems with plants have been shown effective, especially on organic matter and nutrients removal. However, for its efficiency calculation has been used the same formulas adopted in other systems, which leads to an underestimation in the efficiency values, since the plants significantly reduce the effluent volume. So, this study proposed to calculate the efficiency of sewage treatment systems that use plants, considering the removal of the pollutant load (concentration multiplied by volume), and not only the concentration of the pollutant. Research findings in the area were used on efficiencies simulating with evapotranspiration rates of 20%, 40% and 60% of sewage volume. The simulations demonstrated the requirement to consider the evapotranspiration water loss when calculating the efficiency of sewage treatment systems with plants, since there was an increase upper than 30 percentage points in their values, as in the case of total phosphorus removal, whose efficiency value increased from 48% to 79.2%.
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    Indicadores ambientais: importantes instrumentos de gestão
    (2012-03) Ucker, Fernando Ernesto; Kemerich, Pedro Daniel da Cunha; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo
    In recent decades, the world scene of technological advances emphasizes issues related to environmental preservation. Environmental management has become an important tool for modernization and competitiveness of organizations. The indicators are elements used to evaluate the performance of policies or procedures with the highest degree of objectivity possible. Applicable to environmental issues, there are three types of indicators: Condition, Pressure and Response. The set of environmental indicators can provide an overview of environmental conditions, pressures on the environment and the solutions for society to mitigate them. The objective of this article is to demonstrate through the literature review the importance of the use of environmental indicators for companies.
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    Remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo do esgoto sanitário em um sistema de alagados construídos utilizando o capim vetiver
    (2012) Ucker, Fernando Ernesto; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Kemerich, Pedro Daniel da Cunha
    This study aimed to evaluate the Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) efficiency in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater in a constructed wetlands treatment system. The experimental unit had twelve treatment modules, filled with layers of substrate. From the bottom to the surface, the following materials were placed: 0.15 m of gravel # 3; 0.10 m of gravel # 1; 0.20 m of washed sand and 0.05 m of gravel # 1. Inside the modules, the wastewater was maintained at 0.05 m or 0.25 m below the substrate surface, resulting in hydraulic retention times of 3.4 days and 1.9 days, respectively. The influent wastewater was captured in the entrance of a facultative pond, and it was applied to the surface of each treatment module, automatically, on a surface application rate of 51 L.m-2.d-1. The sewage percolated vertically in the system, in a sub-surface flow downward until it was captured in a drain pipe at the bottom of the module. The wastewater concentrations of total phosphorus and ammonium were analyzed before and after passing through the treatment modules. Evapotranspiration rates were measured and the efficiencies in removing the contaminant load were calculated. The results were submitted to F and Tukey tests, at 5% of probability. Treatment with the presence of the plant and sewage at 0.05 m from the surface had higher efficiency in the removal of nutrients reaching 90.5% of phosphorus removal and 93.9% for ammonia.
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    Balanço de sólidos e nutrientes em sistema de alagado construído para tratamento de resíduos de fossa e tanque séptico
    (2013) Silva Junior, Edio Damasio da; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Siqueira, Elisa Rodrigues; Silva, Ábio Roduvalho da
    Cesspits and septic tanks wastes (CSTW) should be treated prior to disposal in the environment. The use of constructed wetland systems (CWS's) emerges as an alternative technology, simple and low cost, efficient and with great potential for practical use. Thus, this work aimed to study the flow of solids and nutrients in a CWS for treating CSTW. Two tanks were built and filled with overlapping layers of gravel and sand for application and treatment of CSTW. A tank was grown by the plant species Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) and the other worked as control. Physicochemical analyses of crude residue and treated both tanks were made to calculate the efficiency of the treatment, which took into account the evapotranspiration rates of the tanks. The vegetated tank was more efficient in removing total solids, settleable and fixed solids, and total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen. Both tanks showed variations in their efficiency, mainly due to varying application rates. Due to the high volume of ammonia, the CWS was not enough to compliance with environmental legislation, requiring further treatment of their effluent. A high accumulation of sludge on the surface of both systems with higher moisture in the tank vegetated. For the operation of these systems, it is recommended that the study of optimum rates of application.
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    Utilização do capim vetiver na remoção de nutrientes do esgoto doméstico
    (2013) Ucker, Fernando Ernesto; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo
    The present article has as aim to evaluate the efficiency of Vetiver grass in removing nutrients present in wastewater. The experiment was conducted at the Research Station for Sewage Treatment Plants, located in Sewage Treatment Plant, Goiania-GO. The experimental unit is composed of twelve treatment modules, filled with superposed layers of substrate. Six modules were vegetated with Vetiver grass and six modules remained without plants. For a period of 200 days, samples were collected from sewage before and after treatment and analyzed for the determination of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, and calculation of efficiency in their removal, considering the rates of evapotranspiration. The results were subjected to F tests and Tukey at 5% probability. The treatment of the plant with the presence and level of sewage H1 showed higher efficiency in removing the nutrients load, and 90.5% for total phosphorus and 93.9% for ammonia.
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    Utilização de plantas de bambu no tratamento de esgoto sanitário pelo sistema de alagados construídos
    (2013-04) Quege, Karina Eliane; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Ucker, Fernando Ernesto
    This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of three species of bamboo (Guadua angustifolia, Phyllostachys aurea and Phyllostachys bambusoides) in the sanitary sewage treatment, with a vertically downward sub-surface flow constructed wetlands, in Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Sewage from a university was applied to asbestos cement water tanks with 1,000 liters volume capacity, filled with oxisol above a 0.26 m drainage layer of gravel # 3. Bamboo seedlings were planted in nine tanks and three tanks remained without plants (controls). The wastewater was captured at the initial part of a facultative pond and applied to the surface of the treatment tanks, three times a day, using a timer controlled pump. It was used a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.3 days during 150 days and a HRT of 5.2 days for 360 days. Inside the treatment tanks, the wastewater was maintained two inches below the substrate surface. For a period of twelve months sewage samples were collected before and after passing through each treatment tank. The samples were submitted to laboratory testing for determination of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and phosphates. The evapotranspiration rate of each treatment was measured, their efficiencies in removing the sewage pollutant load were calculated and the behavior of plants in treatment tanks were observed. The results were submitted to F and Tukey (5% of probability) tests. In general, the specie G. angustifolia showed greater efficiency in removing the pollution load of all attributes. There was a higher removal of BOD and phosphate at HRT of 5.2 days. The HRT of 2.3 days was better on removing ammonia nitrogen.
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    Tratamento de resíduos sépticos em wetlands construídos de fluxo vertical
    (2015-12) Silva Junior, Edio Damasio da; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Siqueira, Elisa Rodrigues; Silva, Ábio Roduvalho da; Rodrigues, Andriane de Melo
    The use of constructed wetlands (CW) in the treatment of septic waste (SW) is still very limited in Brazil, mainly due to limited research on the topic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a vertical downward flow toilets in the treatment of SW, emphasizing specifically on the treatment efficiency of the percolated liquid and sludge accumulated in the cells of treatments for compliance with Brazilian environmental legislation. Two cells were built (one vegetated with vetiver grass and other vegetation without) experimental for reception and treatment of SW. Any gross SW as the liquid fraction leachate treated, besides the accumulated sludge in beds were evaluated by physical-chemical and microbiological parameters over time. It was observed that the toilet was more efficient and adequate compliance with environmental legislation in the control tank, with the exception of ammonia nitrogen content in the treated leachate. The system without plants always showed high variation of efficiency and little compliance with legislation. Regarding the accumulated sludge, both treatment beds had treatment efficiency for future agricultural use, but for that there was a need for at least one month as a period of "rest" without applications.