EMC - Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso

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Projeto de um conversor Asymmetric Half-bridge para um motor de relutância variável aplicado em veículo elétrico levíssimo
(2024-07-12) Oliveira Neto, Nativo da Natividade de; Paula, Geyverson Teixeira de; Paula, Geyverson Teixeira de; Alvarenga, Bernardo Pinheiro de; Santos, Guilherme Fernandes dos
The Project consists of development of an Asymmetric Half-bridge (AHB) Converter for a 6/4 switched reluctance motor for very light vehicles. The converter can be supplied from 30-45V (10S lithium battery) with a power output of 500W, the switched branches are formed by N-MOSFETs, free-wheelling diodes and componentes necessary for driving. A PCB (Printed Circuit Board) has been designed and produced that interfaces the microcontroller with the converter, in this circuit board there is phase current sensing for each phase, battery voltage sensing, dc-dc converter for the power supply of the components and a circuit driver for the power MOSFETs. Has been obtained a interface circuit board for the switched reluctance machine, with the sensing of in line current of witch phase, with the sensing o battery voltage, power supply for the intern and periferical components. The output signals has been conditionating for the extern
Viabilidade de manutenção preditiva em maquinário frigorífico: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-29) Melo, Douglas Pereira; Figueiredo, Kleber Mendes de; Figueiredo, Kleber Mendes de; Oliveira, Ademyr Gonçalves de; Andrade, Filipe Galvão
The work presents the importance of using mechanical predictive maintenance in a food industry, showing the results obtained from predictive monitoring on rotating machinery. For this purpose, the work consisted of a bibliographical survey based on research, observation, analysis and interpretation of data collected on site. The data collected in predictive monitoring were obtained periodically through thermography and measurements of physical wear on components, which, after being compared with predefined parameters, highlighted positive points in the implementation of predictive maintenance. Thus, the feasibility study allowed us to observe that indirectly, the implementation of predictive maintenance helps to increase flexibility, operational reliability and reduce maintenance costs. These factors confirm that the adoption of this technology can be a competitive differentiator for companies seeking sustainability in their operations.
Estudo experimental de escoamentos sobre colinas para obter potencial eólico
(2024-07-17) Rodrigues, Pedro Augusto Marinho de Freitas; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; Fagundes Neto, Marlipe Garcia; Moreira, Leonardo de Queiroz
As a consequence of the climatic changes and incentives for the pursuit of renewable energy sources that result in fewer environmental impacts, it is necessary to develop and conduct research in these areas. With this in mind, this work aims to experimentally study the interactions of wind flow with hills; in particular, it seeks to plot velocity profiles at certain positions – especially above the hill –, perform comparisons between these points, and identify positions with better wind potential. Provided by the company Eletrobras/FURNAS, the LATEF laboratory at UFG has the necessary equipment for conducting this experiment, including the Pitot Tube, Wind Tunnel, manometers, and data collection software. Based on this, data acquisitions were made to plot three vertical wind speed profiles along the horizontal direction relative to the hill: one upstream of the hill, one at the central position (which coincides with the hilltop), and the third at the position corresponding to 3/4 of the hill's width, and a wind potential curve is constructed from the obtained speeds. The experiments were conducted in the Reynolds number range between 8, 5 · 10 and 4 8, 7 · 10 4 , based on the height of the hill. The results show that, although counterintuitive, there are positions downstream of the hilltop where the wind potential significantly increases compared to the wind potential upstream of the hill. Finally, the resulting flow tubes from the wind-hill interaction and the recirculation areas were also observed.
Estudo experimental do escoamento sobre uma esfera
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-19) Purificação, Júlia Araújo da; Colvero, Diogo Appel; Nascimento, Andreia Aoyagui; Nascimento, Andreia Aoyagui; Colvero, Diogo Appel; Moreira, Leonardo de Queiroz
The analysis of flow over a sphere provides important information for industrial processes involving aerodynamic forces on spherical bodies in laminar and turbulent flows. This study used a Pitot tube to measure the flow pressure in different positions, varying every 25 mm. The AA-TVCR3 pressure module, integrated into the ’Aeroalcool – Wind Tunnel’ software, was used to obtain the pressure differential in each position. The sphere, made of polymer with a diameter of 89.5 mm, was positioned in the center of the test section of the wind tunnel. The pressure values were used to determine the flow speed and compare with the values obtained in Tyagi’s study, verifying the accuracy of using the Pitot tube in turbulent flows.
Planejamento estratégico de remoção de sujidades de usina fotovoltaica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-01) Feltrin, Pedro Luís Batista; Oliveira, Ademyr Gonçalves de; Oliveira, Ademyr Gonçalves de; Figueiredo, Kleber Mendes de; Cunha, Daniel Fernandes da
The purpose of this study is to present a detailed methodology to analyze the efficiency of photovoltaic plants, highlighting how this analysis can be used to optimizing cleaning cycles and in quantifying losses resulting from the accumulation of dirt on panels, which directly impacts the energy production. Using daily generation data, four different cases were examined in the city of Goiânia, comparing solar radiation data measured by an automatic INMET's station with the energy actually generated. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence energy generation in the city, presenting a methodology capable of being applicable in different locations. Furthermore, it evaluates the efficiency of the panels in relation to the specifications provided by the manufacturer, allowing a critical analysis of the quality of the installation and its performance in relation to the ideal generation potential. A relevant aspect addressed in this work is the recommendation of the use of measuring equipment such as pyranometers, which are essential for monitoring solar radiation incident directly on the plant, offering crucial insights for effective management and strategic decision-making related to maintenance and improvement of the facilities.
Simulação de escoamentos turbulentos em colinas periódicas utilizando o OpenFOAM®
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-17) Gonçalves, Gustavo Bittar; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; Colherinhas, Gino Bertollucci; Nascimento, Andreia Aoyagui
The present work aims to establish a starting point for determining the optimal positioning of wind turbines on terrain characterized by a sequence of periodic hills. The determining factors for the choice of positioning addressed include the height of the boundary layer wind profile in each specific region and the local turbulence, which results in an increase in the dynamic load on the turbine towers. To analyze these factors, turbulent regime simulations were performed using the OpenFOAM® software, which allowed for the estimation of the velocity profile developed according to the terrain topography and the flow characteristics. In order to reduce the total analysis time, the simulations were carried out using parallel processing. For the simulations the SpalartAllmaras turbulence model was used, and the numerical analysis was conducted using the multigrid method. The Reynolds number, defined at 10595 based on values from the literature, was used as a parameter for result comparison, ensuring the validity and effectiveness of the adopted procedure. Despite the main limitation of the study being its application to theoretical situations, where the terrain profile is established in a periodic manner, the research offers a relevant preliminary analysis that can serve as a basis for future studies more applied to the flow over real and complex terrains. This study seeks not only to contribute to the understanding of the factors that influence the efficiency of wind turbines but also to promote advances in the optimization of wind energy utilization, aiming for a more effective and sustainable implementation of this renewable energy source.
Projeto de rede usando fibra ótica: FTTH residencial
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-19) Vilarinho, Ana Júlia Batista; Fernandes, Pedro Henrique Oliveira; Castro, Marcelo Stehling de; Castro, Marcelo Stehling de; Valle, Ana Cláudia Marques do; Rocha, Flávio Geraldo Coelho
This article discusses Fiber to the Home (FTTH) network projects with a focus on Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology, exploring technical aspects such as architecture, components, and protocols. It integrates various knowledge studied in the Engineering course, applying them in practice. FTTH technology stands out as a paradigmatic evolution in contemporary communication networks, transmitting data directly to residences via optical fibers. Its relevance lies in its ability to provide highspeed, reliable, and symmetrical connectivity, playing a crucial role as a catalyst for digital transformation. The operation of FTTH involves the transmission of optical signals converted from electrical signals, using a point-to-point architecture that starts at optical centers, ensuring efficient bandwidth distribution to residences. This transmission culminates in the inverse conversion of optical signals back to electrical signals at the destination point. In addition to providing Internet access, FTTH enables various applications such as subscription television, telephony, and emerging technologies, including virtual and augmented reality. The robustness and wide bandwidth capacity of FTTH consolidate it as an enabling infrastructure for advanced digital services, promoting enriching digital experiences that positively impact users’ daily lives. In summary, FTTH emerges as an integral technology for expanding digital connectivity, based on its strategic importance, sophisticated operation, and diversity of applications that transcend conventional limits of digital communication.
Emprego de inteligência artificial na identificação de parâmetros eletromagnéticos de motores elétricos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-22) Matos, João Pedro Aguiar Formiga; Vieira, Pedro Paulo Carvalho; Paula, Geyverson Teixeira de; Paula, Geyverson Teixeira de; Brito, Leonardo da Cunha; Santos, Guilherme Fernandes dos
This work investigates the development of an artificial intelligence application to identify electromagnetic parameters in electric motors. Using the FEMM software, a dataset of magnetic flux curves by current for various ferromagnetic materials was created, serving as the basis for training neural networks. These networks were able to determine the equation of these curves from a minimal number of points, regardless of the material type, implying possible improvements in the efficiency and performance of electric motors.
Avaliação no ATPDraw das proteções diferencial e de sobrecorrente aplicadas a um transformador de potência
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-01) França, André Luiz Almeida de; Almeida, Maria Leonor Silva de; Almeida, Maria Leonor Silva de; Brigatto, Gelson Antônio Andrêa; Kopcak, Igor
This work analyzed the differential and overcurrent protections in ATPDraw for a YDn1 power transformer, with the high-voltage side connected in a grounded wye configuration and the low-voltage side in delta. The protections were implemented in ATPDraw with differential protection blocks (87T), instantaneous overcurrent (50), and time-delayed overcurrent (51). Phase overcurrent functions (50F/51F) and neutral overcurrent functions (50N/51N) were incorporated on the high-voltage side. In 87T block of ATPDraw, it was necessary to include the zero-sequence compensation and angular correction. Faults were simulated on the transformer’s busbars and bushings, covering conventional and internal faults caused by short circuits turn-to-turn and turnto-ground. The 50F and 51F functions demonstrated effectiveness and selectivity in responding to faults on the bushings and busbars. The 50N and 51N functions operate to ground faults, except for those on the low-voltage side, as the delta connection prevents the high-voltage side from contributing to zero-sequence components generated by ground faults. Additionally, the 50N and 51N functions responded quickly to turn-to-ground short circuits in the grounded wye configuration. However, none of the overcurrent functions could defect turn-to-turn or turn-to-ground faults on the delta-connected windings. The differential protection 87T, with zero-sequence compensation and angular correction, performed well for faults on the busbars and bushings. However, it required a high percentage of short-circuited turns on the low-voltage side to operate, specifically 90% for turn-to-ground short circuits and 65% for turn-to-turn short circuits. Therefore, it was recommended that the relay sensitivity be increased by adjusting the slope of the second region to enhance fault detection on the delta side.
Coordenação de proteção e seletividade em redes de distribuição com penetração de geração distribuída
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-02) Lobo, João Pedro do Carmo; Pacheco, João Victor Miranda; Kopcak, Igor; Kopcak, Igor; Sena, Carla Silva; Almeida, Maria Leonor Silva de
The work presents a detailed study on the coordination of protection and selectivity in electrical distribution networks with distributed generation, focusing on a 1 MW Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (CGH) located in the interior of Goiás. The study includes the analysis of critical operating scenarios, equipment specification, protection functions, and the parameterization of protection relays. The necessary adaptations to ensure safe and coordinated operation with the utility's protection devices, such as substation relays, reclosers, and fuses, are addressed. The main objective is to highlight the importance of selectivity and coordination in the protection system, especially considering the increasing penetration of distributed generation, which introduces additional challenges such as bidirectional current flow and variations in voltage and frequency levels. This encompasses the need to adapt the parameters of protection relays to maintain selectivity and avoid improper operations that could compromise the continuity of energy supply. The detailed analysis of operating scenarios takes into account different fault conditions and the influence of distributed generation on these events, providing an in-depth understanding of how distributed generation can impact the operation of distribution networks. The specification of equipment and protection functions is carried out in a way that ensures relays operate in a coordinated manner, both with the CGH equipment and with the devices in the distribution network. Correct parameterization of the relays is essential for them to adequately discriminate fault types and act selectively, ensuring system protection and minimizing interruptions. The study highlights the importance of implementing practices and standards that consider the particularities of distributed generation, ensuring reliable and efficient operation of the electrical system.
Estudo de transitórios eletromagnéticos por meio de simulações nos softwares Simulink/MATLAB e Script/MATLAB
(2024-08-01) Castro, André Luiz Martins; Ferreira, Lara Rebeca Alcebíades; Almeida, Maria Leonor Silva de; Almeida, Maria Leonor Silva de; Kopcak, Igor; Belchior, Fernando Nunes
This final graduation project examines electromagnetic transients in systems modeled as RL and RLC circuits. Initially, the switching of an RL circuit with two resistors, two inductors, and a voltage source is analyzed. The initial analysis occurs before the switching, with no circulating current for the ground fault, considering the circuit as a resistor in series with an inductor and a voltage source. After switching, the circuit is divided into two parts: one with the voltage source and the other with only a resistor and an inductor in series. Subsequently, the study addresses the switching of a series RLC circuit with a voltage source. Initially, there is a switching between the source and the RLC circuit, which generates a current composed of a homogeneous solution and a particular solution. The graphs of natural frequency and damping in different phases of the voltage source are analyzed. Additionally, an analysis of the graphs of the magnitude and phase of the equivalent impedance of the RLC circuit is performed. The study explores fundamental concepts of RL and RLC circuits, highlighting the implications of the resistor on the system's response, such as the dissipation of transient energy. Furthermore, the importance of choosing component values is emphasized, as they directly affect the circuit's response. Analyses are conducted using MATLAB software with its Script and Simulink work environments. In the Script method, the circuit's mathematical equations and provided values are used, generating graphs for the analysis of steady-state and transient currents. Simulink allows for the drawing and simulation of the circuit, obtaining relevant graphs for the analysis. The project contributes to the understanding of electromagnetic transients, their causes and impacts, and the importance of effective protection measures. It demonstrates the application of numerical methods and simulation tools to study transient behavior in electrical circuits, providing a solid foundation for future research and practical applications in electrical engineering.
Estimação de distâncias de objetos em imagens de câmeras monoculares utilizando medes neurais profundas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-01) Caraíba, André Felipe dos Santos; Cardoso, Álisson Assis; Cardoso, Álisson Assis; Vieira, Flávio Henrique Teles; Lopes Filho, Gilberto
Desenvolvimento de software destinado à análise de custos de energia elétrica em unidades consumidoras do grupo A e grupo B
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-16) Esperidião, Rodrigo Santana; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; Oliveira, Antônio Melo de; Castro, Marcelo Stehling de
Understanding how charges related to the use of electrical energy in an installation are made is essential for good expense management of this resource, as it allows identifying ways to reduce the costs arising from its use. Although there are several energy distributors in Brazil, all of them are subject to the rules and resolutions established by ANEEL, which implies standardization of energy billing. This work aims to detail the development of a web application intended to assist in the study of costs related to the use of electrical energy in Brazilian consumer units. The program combines HTML and CSS elements with its main code written in Python. The unit's profile and simulation results are presented as numerical values and graphs in Excel spreadsheets. The software has two analysis models: load analysis, where the unit's weekly consumption profile is analyzed according to the installed loads and their usage times; and bill analysis, where the data present in the electricity bill for 12 months of the unit's operation are interpreted. The analyses aim to clearly present the unit's consumption profile and identify possible cost-saving opportunities through tariff reclassification or contracted demand alteration. In load analysis, the ideal tariff modality for the unit's profile is verified, and for Group A consumers, the presence of costs with reactive elements is studied, as there is no such charge for Group B consumers. In bill analysis, the program addresses only Group A units, recommending the ideal contracted demand, the appropriate tariff modality, and presenting the estimated savings if the consumer adopts the suggested measures. Five case studies were conducted to validate the results generated by the application: three focused on load analysis and two on bill analysis. The first four studies evaluated the results and identified the causes of any observed differences, while the last consisted of a practical study, applying the tool to analyze a consumer unit at the Federal University of Goiás. The software proved to be efficient, generating consistent results with small or no errors in most cases.
Integração entre soluções inspiradas em planejamento automático e ambientes didáticos práticos baseados em CLP
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-24) Benetti, David; Fonseca, João Paulo da Silva; Fonseca, João Paulo da Silva; Oliveira, Marco Antonio Assfalk de; Alves, Weslley da Silva
Industry 4.0 is a concept characterized by the use of intelligent, automated and interconnected systems to increase productivity, efficiency and flexibility in production processes. However, the application of systems such as automatic planning is still limited. While real systems use Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) type equipment with Ladder language, automatic planners use Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL). The discrepancy between these technologies represents a difficulty in integrating them. This article explores the implementation of automatic planners with PLCs and presents the development of a practical example of integrating a didactic testing bench with automated planning systems using a software solution developed in Python.
Integração de modelos de linguagem e RAG na criação de chatbots oftalmológicos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-04) Passinato, Emanuel Borges; Rios, Walcy Santos Rezende; Galvão Filho, Arlindo Rodrigues; Galvão Filho, Arlindo Rodrigue; Marques, Thyago Carvalho; Soares, Anderson da Silva
Accessibility to ophthalmological services is an important factor in determining eye health, being influenced by the socioeconomic status of individuals. To facilitate access to information about eye health, recent works in the field focus on using established private language models or those with finetuning, both approaches involving additional costs, whether financial, data base needs, or complexity. This study proposes the development of a chatbot using open-source language models and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) techniques. Three techniques were evaluated naive RAG, HYDE and Rewrite-Retrieve-Read. To evaluate the retrieved context and the generated response, ChatGPT was used as a critic through the Ragas framework. The results indicate that it is possible to surpass the baseline performance of GPT-3.5 with the proposed techniques, reducing costs and attesting to the viability of similar projects.
Consumo energético: análise no Brasil e no mundo
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-16) Trautenmuller, Artur Schneider; Castro, Marcelo Stehling de; Castro, Marcelo Stehling de; Oliveira , Gustavo Dias de; Belchior, Fernando Nunes
In recent years, companies and institutions have been increasingly investing in information analysis systems both for decision-making and for gaining a deeper understanding of the reality they are embedded in. One of the key areas in this investment is Business Intelligence (BI). This final course work focuses on the collection, organization, and analysis of data to provide valuable insights that drive informed decision-making within organizations (BI)systems help companies better understand their internal processes, the market they operate in, and even future trends. This project proposes to build analytical dashboards related to electricity and primary energy consumption worldwide and in Brazil by consolidating information from different sources.
Simulação das formas polares de máquinas síncronas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-26) Nascimento, Enzo Cunha do; Alvarenga, Bernardo Pinheiro de; Alvarenga, Bernardo Pinheiro de; Marra, Enes Gonçalves; Nerys, José Wilson Lima
Synchronous machines play a crucial role in power generation and transmission systems. Therefore, simulating the polar forms of synchronous machines is very useful for analyzing their behavior under various operational conditions. This study focuses on the modeling and simulation of the polar forms of synchronous machines using the Flux2D application. Initially, basic concepts of the application's operation and automation commands for simulation with. Python are presented through simple examples. Then, the simulation of air gap magnetic flux density for a salient pole synchronous machine is performed in an automated manner. The machine's performance is analyzed in the magnetostatic regime. A routine is developed to determine an "optimized" pole head geometry based on geometric parameters.
Integração de um sistema de monitoramento aos medidores e inversores de energia da EMC
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-31) Silva, Rhuan Webster de Lourenço e; Jesus, Rachimi Solarevisky de; Castro, Marcelo Stehling de; Castro, Marcelo Stehling de; Araújo, Sérgio Granato de; Oliveira, Gustavo Dias de
A transição energética tem apresentado um crescimento exponencial tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo, sendo uma das principais razões para esse aumento a economia de energia elétrica. Em paralelo a esse cenário, ano após ano, as indústrias de dispositivos IoT voltados para a energia elétrica têm reportado balancetes com aumentos significativos nas vendas. Após a instalação dos dispositivos, o monitoramento de todo o sistema torna-se crucial, pois é por meio dele que se verifica a estabilidade do sistema, a identificação de equipamentos defeituosos ou com dificuldades operacionais, além de possibilitar a gestão e análise da energia gerada e consumida. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as soluções disponíveis no mercado para o monitoramento de dispositivos IoT e implementar a solução mais eficiente para monitorar o status operacional dos medidores e inversores de energia da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Após uma análise comparativa das diversas ferramentas, concluiu-se que o Zabbix é a melhor solução, proporcionando um acompanhamento unificado em uma única plataforma. Essa escolha permite reduzir o tempo necessário para manutenção, substituição e diagnóstico de problemas, além de gerar economias significativas.
Atualização de planta de instalação elétrica industrial
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-02) Araujo, Vitor Montero; Araujo, Bruno Alves de; Alvarenga, Bernardo Pinheiro de; Alvarenga, Bernardo Pinheiro de; Santos, Euler Bueno dos; Paula, Geyverson Teixeira de
All elements of a building undergo changes over the years, to a greater or lesser extent, the original characteristics are altered and not recorded, making it difficult to understand for those who did not participate in the processes. This is especially complex for electrical installations, as the addition of new equipment, jobs, and other changes bring problems that can lead to accidents, such as an increase in load beyond what the circuit was designed to handle, generating excessive heating. Renovating a building is a great time for all these issues to be resolved. This is the case of Mercabox Araujo, a supermarket company that is undergoing an expansion that will double its area, a situation that requires the renewal of its entire electrical installation to support the new installed power and a new layout to meet future activities. This final project aims to propose the design of the new Mercabox Araujo installations, taking into account the customer's demands and compliance with the standards that govern low voltage installations, ensuring reliability and safety. Furthermore, a step-by-step guide was also proposed so that the transition between the old and new installation does not cause disruption to the company's activities, which will continue to operate during the works.
Estudo de viabilidade de implementação de pontos de recarga de veículos elétricos em condomínio residencial
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-17) Santos Neto, João Victor; Santos, Thales Moreira; Paula, Geyverson Teixeira de; Paula, Geyverson Teixeira de; Garcés Negrete, Lina Paola; Lima, Wilmar Alves Cruvinel
Over the past 13 years, we have observed a steady increase in the number of electric vehicles circulating in Brazil. This scenario presents a significant challenge for buildings to meet the demand of residents. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of demand for the implementation of electric vehicle charging stations in established residential condominiums. To achieve this, a case study was conducted in a high-end building in Goiânia, where a device called an energy analyzer was used for data collection. A crucial point for the study was the analysis of projected and calculated demands. The study results included the implementation of up to 4 semi-fast charging station points (22kW) and a simulation of load increase, along with the transformer replacement for a future adaptation of the building to serve the entire condominium. NT-042 and NT-02 were used for the transformer calculation.

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