Sistemas de preparo do solo e culturas de cobertura na produção orgânica de feijão e milho. I - Atributos físicos do solo
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Data
2011
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Resumo
The influence of cover crops and their management on the maintenance or improvement
of soil physical quality in areas under organic production should be investigated. This study
aimed to determine the influence of the cover crops sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), pigeon pea
(Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima), sorghum (Sorgum technicum),
and fallow on physical properties of soil under organic cultivation of common bean and corn,
in no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. The study was conducted in Santo
Antônio de Goiás-GO, on an Oxisol, in a randomized block design, with four replications. In
November 2003 four experiments were installed, two of them under NT and the other two in
CT. In each management system, one experiment was carried out with common bean and
another with corn. Samples were taken from the layers 0.00–0.10 and 0.10–0.20 m in November
2007, from the plots and from a neighboring native forest, to determine soil organic matter
(SOM) and physical properties. The use of this soil for agricultural production, regardless of
the tillage system, reduced the SOM content and affected the physical properties, increased
bulk density (BD) and soil penetration resistance (PR) and decreased macroporosity (Mp), soil
porosity (SP), and the weighted mean diameter of aggregates (WMDA). However, BD and Mp
did not reach the critical values indicated in the literature as limiting for crop growth. The soil
tillage systems diverged in relation to WMDA and PR. The soil physical properties were
favorably affected by SOM. The S index was correlated to the soil physical properties and to
SOM and seems to be an adequate indicator of soil physical quality.
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Phaseolus vulgaris L., Porosidade do solo, Zea mays, Densidade do solo, Índice S, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zea mays, S index, Bulk density, Soil porosity
Citação
CUNHA, Eurâimi de Queiroz; STONE, Luís Fernando; MOREIRA, José Aloísio Alves; FERREIRA, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; DIDONET, Agostinho Dirceu; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena. Sistemas de preparo do solo e culturas de cobertura na produção orgânica de feijão e milho. I - Atributos físicos do solo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 35, n. 2, p. 589-602, 2011.