Effects of the 2,4-D herbicide on gills epithelia and liver of the fish Poecilia vivipara
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2014-06
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Resumo
The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, usually named 2,4-D is one of the most widely
used herbicides in the world. Acute toxicity of 2,4-D herbicide was investigated through
its effects on guppies (Poecilia vivipara Bloch et Schneider 1801). Fish were exposed to the
herbicide at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40μl per liter of water for 24 hours to determine
its effects on gills and liver epithelia. The estimated LC50 was 34.64μl of 2,4-D per liter of
water. Histochemical analyses and Feulgen’s reaction were conducted to detect glycoconjugates
and DNA, respectively, in gills and liver epithelia. Histochemistry revealed qualitative
variations of glycoconjugates present on mucous cells and granules. The four types of mucous
cells contained neutral granules, acids, or both. Increasing amounts of syalomucins
were observed from the control group to the group exposed to the highest concentration
of 2,4-D, suggesting increased mucous viscosity and the formation of plaques that could
inhibit gas exchange and osmoregulation. Lamellar fusion observed in the group exposed
to 40μl of 2,4-D suggests a defense mechanism. Hepatocytes showed vacuolization in the
10 and 20μl/L groups. The 40 μl/L group showed normal hepatocytes as well as changed
ones, many Ito cells, micronuclei, and nuclear swelling. These effects may be associated
with toxicity or adaptative processes to cellular stress. The data from this study indicates
the importance of assessing similar risks to aquatic species and suggests that Poecilia vivipara
is an adequate biological model for analysis of environmental contamination.
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Herbicida 2,4-D, Peixe, Poecilia vivípara, Histopatologia, Xenobióticos, Glicoconjugados, Potencial genotóxico, 2,4-D herbicide, Gill, Fish, Histopathology, Glycoconjugates, Xenobiotics, Genotoxic potential
Citação
VIGÁRIO, Ana F.; SABÓIA-MORAIS, Simone M. T. Effects of the 2,4-D herbicide on gills epithelia and liver of the fish Poecilia vivipara. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, v. 34, n. 6, p. 523-528, June. 2014.