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Item Efeitos de peptídeos derivados da beta globina LVV-H6 e LVV-H7 sobre os comportamentos tipo-ansiedade e tipo-depressão, função cardíaca e vascular de ratos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-10-11) Cruz, Kellen Rosa da; Ianzer, Danielle Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7609262674053858; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3868498714495781; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; Ferreira, Patrícia Maria; Ghedini, Paulo Cesar; Silva, Elder Sales da; Parreira, Ricardo CambraiaHemorphins are peptides derived from the hemoglobin β-globin chain. LVV- hemorphine-6 and LVV-hemorphine-7 (LVVs) are bioactive hemorphins, which exhibit similar amino acid residue sequence, differing only by the amino acid Phenylalanine at the N-terminus of LVV-hemorphine-7. Both hemorphins reduce anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, the latter being promoted by LVV-h7, is oxytocin receptors dependent, but not the effect evoked by LVV-h6. In addition, the data in the literature about the cardiovascular effects evoked by LVV-h7 are controversial and there are no studies on the effects of LVV-h6 on this physiological system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms involved in behavioral effects and also to verify the effects on vasomotricity and cardiac function in the aorta artery and isolated heart of Wistar rats. The experimental protocols were carried out according to the norms of use of animals, under project approval by the committee of ethics and animal use of the UFG (Protocol of approval nº 090/14). The Elevated Pluz Maze (EPM) was used to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior and were then placed in the Open Field (OF) to evaluate locomotion. To evaluate the depression-like behavior, the Forced Swim test (FST) was used. The isolated vessel technique was used to evaluate vascular reactivity in thoracic aorta rings isolated and the Langendorff technique to evaluate heart function in heart i solated from Wistar rats. The anxiolytic-like effect of both hemorphins does not depend on the route of biosynthesis of catecholamines or the activation of opioid receptors. However, the antidepressant-like effect of LVVs was reversed by blockade of opioid receptors, indicating the activation of these receptors as a potential mechanism. Both LVVs similarly reduce perfusion pressure, maximal and minimum dP/dt and systolic and diastolic intraventricular pressure in heart isolated from rats, without promoting contraction or relaxation of aorta rings isolated from rats. Thus, although LVVs cause the same effects on anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, the underlying mechanisms are partially different, even with a substantial similarity in the primary structure of these hemorphins. In addition, LVVs act by decreasing cardiac function, in the evaluated parameters, in isolated heart of normotensive rats without affecting the vasomotricity of aorta rings isolated of normotensive rats.Item Influência dos receptores de angiotensina, AT1 e AT2, no órgão subfornical sobre a função barorreflexa em ratos com hipertensão renovascular(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Gonçalves, Florencia Camila; Blanch, Graziela Torres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8106735874828106; Oliveira, André Henrique Freiria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0152151142555605; Oliveira, André Henrique Freiria de; Castro, Carlos Henrique de; Mourão, Aline AndradeComponents of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) are present in several regions of the brain involved in central regulation of blood pressure (BP). Among them, there is the subfornical organ (SFO), circumventricular organ (OCV) that is outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and that participates in BP regulation. Studies show that in secondary hypertension models, such as the 2K1C model, there is an increase in ANG II in important regions of BP control, such as SFO. Thus, our objective was to evaluate whether the pharmacological inhibition of the Type 1 receptor (AT1) and Type 2 receptor (AT2), in SFO, of rats with two kidneys and a clip (2K1C), influences the baroreflex function. For this purpose, male Wistar rats underwent surgery to induce Renovascular Hypertension (HR), which consisted of clipping the renal artery (Group 2K1C) or simulating the placement of the clip (Group Sham). One week after HR surgery and animal recovery, tail plethysmography was performed for 5 weeks to assess the development of hypertension. At the end of 5 weeks, 2K1C and Sham rats were anesthetized with isoflurane in 100% O2 and subjected to cannulation of the fermoral artery, to record Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR), cannulation of the femoral vein for administration of anesthetic and drugs and craniectomy for Losartan nanoinjection (217 mM, 100nL; AT1 receptor antagonist) ANG II (48 pM, 100nL; AT1 receptor agonist), PD123319 (40mM, 100nL; AT2 receptor antagonist) and C21 ( 0.1μM, 100nL; AT2 receptor agonist) in order to evaluate the influence of AT1 and AT2 receptors on SFO in the baroreflex function. The results showed that the model was able to develop HR over 5 weeks, which was not observed in the Sham group (Animals 2K1C: 1st week 152.13 ± 1.31 mm of mercury (mmHg) and 5th week 208, 52 ± 2.77 mmHg; Animals Sham: 1st week 113.92 ± 1.13 mmHg and 5th week 114.90 ± 0.96 mmHg, p <0.05). In addition, animals with HR presented atrophy of the clipped kidney when compared to the unclipped kidney (right kidney: 0.34 ± 0.01 g / 100g pc and left kidney: 0.52 ± 0.01 g / 100g pc, p < 0.05). Blockade of AT1 receptors in SFO did not promote pressure changes in normotensive animals (Δ: 0.31 ± 2.16 mmHg in relation to baseline); however, in hypertensive animals there was a reduction in BP (Δ: -11.02 ± 0, 22 mmHg, p <0.05 compared to baseline). In the baroreflex sensitivity test, blocking AT1 receptors increased the reflex bradycardia of the 2K1C losartan group (Δ -10.98 ± 0.77 bpm, p <0.05) when compared to the Sham losartan group (Δ -7.60 ± 0.38 bpm) and 2K1C Saline (Δ -8.00 ± 0.26 bpm). AT2 receptor blockade did not promote changes in MAP and improved reflex bradycardia in the 2K1C PD group (Δ -20.12 ± 1.53 bpm, p <0.05) when compared to the Sham PD group (Δ -11.90 ± 1.20 bpm) and 2K1C Saline (Δ -14.37 ± 1.00 bpm). Thus, the present study provides evidence that the angiotensinergic receptors AT1 and AT2 in SFO mediate the baroreflex responses in the 2K1C model through an inhibitory influence on reflex bradycardia. There was no evidence of the participation of the AT1 and AT2 receptor within the SFO in reflex tachycardia.Item Caracterização e avaliação de apneias obstrutivas induzidas em ratos com epilepsia e seu impacto no sono, respostas cardiovasculares e de esforço respiratório(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Lima Júnior, Cláudio Quintino de; Pansani, Aline Priscila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6385679829734771; Colugnati, Diego Basile; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3875833705952056; Colugnati, Diego Basile; Pansani, Aline Priscila; Rosa, Daniel Alves; Costa, Renata MazaroEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Mortality rates are considerably higher in individuals with epilepsy and the most common category of death related is Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). Multifactorial mechanisms related to autonomic and respiratory cardiac changes underlying SUDEP. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high incidence in patients with epilepsy and it is a risk factor for SUDEP. The aim of this study was to characterize OSA in animals with epilepsy. For this, Wistar rats (230-250g) were submitted to Pilocarpine model of epilepsy. After 30-60 days of chronic epilepsy, the animals were submitted to surgical procedures to evaluation of sleep and heart rate, respiratory effort and induction of obstructive apneas. Rats with epilepsy had altered basal sleep, with decreasing REM in 24-hour record and increased wakefulness and decreased NREM sleep in the dark phase of the cycle. Both NREM and REM sleep of these rats had a higher percentage of delta waves, and REM had lower theta waves. Rats with epilepsy had higher spontaneous central sleep apneas. Control rats had REM-sleep apneas longer than NREM-sleep apneas. This difference did not occur in rats with epilepsy. OSA did not altered sleep fraction in any group. In Epilepsy group, there was decrease in REM fraction at the first 8 h of recovery sleep of REM-apneas. Cardiovascular and respiratory effort during OSA and chemoreflex response were similar between groups. However, in epilepsy, there was a tendency to low in both respiratory effort in awake apneas and pressure response induced bychemoreflex. In epilepsy, there was higher density of NK1 in pré-Bötzinger and lower number of serotonergic neurons in Raphe Magnus and Pallidus. Therefore, rats with epilepsy had alteration on sleep-wake cycle and in sleep-delta/theta ratio. Also, the mechanisms related to end of OSA were altered, possibly by alteration in neurons of respiratory control.Item Efeitos cardiovasculares do tratamento com aceturato de diminazeno sobre a insuficiência cardíaca induzida por infarto do miocárdio em ratos normotensos e hipertensos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-15) Lopes, Paulo Ricardo; Colugnati, Diego Basile; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3875833705952056; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1155446449250341; Rebelo, Ana Cristina Silva; Castro, Carlos Henrique de; Colugnati, Diego Basile; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; Biancardi, Manoel FranciscoDiminazene aceturate (Dize) is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that promotes, among other effects, the activation of the angio tensin II converting enzyme (ACE II). However, there are few studies that relate the use of Dize in the treatment of myocar dial infarction (MI) and very few that relate the treatment of heart failure (HF). Due to its activation effect of the counter regulatory axis of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), it is possible that chronic treatment with Dize can improve cardiocirculat ory function i n animals with HF MI induced . Thus, this work sought to evaluate the performance of Dize on the cardiac and circulatory function of normotensive (WT) and hypertensive (SHR) animals after MI. For that, males WT and SHR of 250 300g with 12 week s of life were used. HF was induced by MI through ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Fictitious surgeries (Sham) were also performed to mimic the surgical stress of infarction induction. After the MI, the period of 30 days to install the HF p icture, diagnosed by echocardiography, was waited. Then the animals were divided into 4 groups of WT animals and 4 was waited. Then the animals were divided into 4 groups of WT animals and 4 groups of SHR animals in the respective treatments: Sham + Vehicle, Sham + groups of SHR animals in the respective treatments: Sham + Vehicle, Sham + DizeDize, , HF + Vehicle and HF + HF + Vehicle and HF + DizeDize. The treatment with . The treatment with DizeDize (10 mg /(10 mg / Kg / day; i.g.) or Kg / day; i.g.) or vehicle (water) by gavage lasted 21 days. After treatment, the animals were vehicle (water) by gavage lasted 21 days. After treatment, the animals were anesthetized and catheterized for recording and analysis of hemodynamic and anesthetized and catheterized for recording and analysis of hemodynamic and autonomic parameters in all groups. Subsequently, the animals were autonomic parameters in all groups. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized;euthanized; theirtheir hearts and thoracic aortic segments were removed for tests in isolated organ hearts and thoracic aortic segments were removed for tests in isolated organ baths. baths. Evidence showing hypertension, in the 17Evidence showing hypertension, in the 17--weekweek--old SHR model, promoting an old SHR model, promoting an increase in fibrotic cardiac content (interstitial and perivascular), hypertrophy of increase in fibrotic cardiac content (interstitial and perivascular), hypertrophy of cardiomyocytcardiomyocytes and economic and vascular activity. It reduced the contraction and es and economic and vascular activity. It reduced the contraction and effective relaxation of the heart ex vivo, vascular reactivity, parasympathetic effective relaxation of the heart ex vivo, vascular reactivity, parasympathetic cardiac activity, sensitivity and effectivcardiac activity, sensitivity and effectiveness of the baroreflex system. eness of the baroreflex system. In In normotensive animals with HF normotensive animals with HF induced by coronary ligation after 17 weeks, cardiac induced by coronary ligation after 17 weeks, cardiac remodeling with increased heart size and cardiomyocytes, fibrosis in the heart remodeling with increased heart size and cardiomyocytes, fibrosis in the heart (interstitial and perivascular) and vascular contractile capacity. He has cardiac (interstitial and perivascular) and vascular contractile capacity. He has cardiac dysfunction of the systolic type in vivo, dysfunction of the systolic type in vivo, impaired diastolic capacity ex vivo, reduced impaired diastolic capacity ex vivo, reduced vascular capacity, spontaneous baroreflex effectiveness and PAS.vascular capacity, spontaneous baroreflex effectiveness and PAS. Hypertension Hypertension associated with HF 17 weeks after coronary ligation promotes hypertrophy of the associated with HF 17 weeks after coronary ligation promotes hypertrophy of the heart and cardiomyocytes, perivascular and interstitiheart and cardiomyocytes, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction al fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction in vivo and ex vivo, increased contractile vascular capacity and reduced relaxing in vivo and ex vivo, increased contractile vascular capacity and reduced relaxing capacity, friendly autonomic predominance, reduced blood pressure and capacity, friendly autonomic predominance, reduced blood pressure and effectiveness of the baroreflex system and maintenance of high BP.effectiveness of the baroreflex system and maintenance of high BP. TreaTreatment with tment with the hypertension model reduces cardiac fibrosis, reduces sympathetic activity and the hypertension model reduces cardiac fibrosis, reduces sympathetic activity and improves the reflex baroreceptor. In HF, it reduces cardiac remodeling (myocyte improves the reflex baroreceptor. In HF, it reduces cardiac remodeling (myocyte and fibrosis), facilitates vascular relaxation and improves the reflex baroreceptorand fibrosis), facilitates vascular relaxation and improves the reflex baroreceptor. . In hypertension associated with HF, it is possible to reduce or remodel (myocytes In hypertension associated with HF, it is possible to reduce or remodel (myocytes and and fifibbroserosess), improve cardiac functions in the isolated organ, facilitate vascular ), improve cardiac functions in the isolated organ, facilitate vascular relaxation and improve the reflex baroreceptor.relaxation and improve the reflex baroreceptor. Together, our results demonstrate Together, our results demonstrate that tthat treatment with size can be a tool explored in cardiovascular pathologies, but it reatment with size can be a tool explored in cardiovascular pathologies, but it seems to act differently in each pathology. Finally, further studies are needed to seems to act differently in each pathology. Finally, further studies are needed to elucidate how the treatment with Dize acts on HF and hypertension, which occur elucidate how the treatment with Dize acts on HF and hypertension, which occur isolated or coisolated or concomitant.ncomitant.Item Análise morfológica e molecular da formação de escleródios do fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-29) Melo, Bruna Sousa; Voltan, Aline Raquel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0211091751754520; Ulhoa, Cirano José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Lobo Júnior, Murillo; Georg, Raphaela de CastroSclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a fungus that causes white mold or white rot, about 400 species of plants. Currently, its incidence has been becoming increasingly harmful to agriculture in various regions of the world. This fungus acquires structures, called sclerotia that guarantee the survival of the soil, for a long period. In the present study, the formation and morphological development of resistance structures was evaluated through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological observations indicate the entire growth process, involve an interweaving of hyphae, in addition to allowing the storage of nutrients and water. In addition to the presence of melanin, which gives protection to the sclerotia. Expressions of genes related to the development of sclerotia were evaluated, suggesting different pathways of DOPA melanin melanization. In addition, sclerodial genes, which are related to the morphology of structures, such as histidine kinase, facts that are discussed throughout the work, are able to improve structures and their mechanisms. Through the filtration of species of Trichoderma spp. (T00 and ALL 42), it was also possible to evaluate the growth inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fungus, allowing to infer the forms of control of the phytopathogen.Item Via descendente rostroventromedial bulbar que medeia as respostas cardiovasculares evocadas pela coluna dorsolateral da substância cinzenta periaquedutal(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Moraes, Gean Carlos Alves; Lima, Onésia Cristina Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5040685433940401; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0207928273284808; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; Cruz, Kellen Rosa da; Oliveira, Patrícia Maria dePeriaqueductal gray is a midbrain region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that projects to areas controlling behavioral and autonomic outputs. The activity of the lateral and dorsolateral columns of PAG is required for expressing the behavioral and physiological components of defense reactions. Cardiovascular responses evoked from PAG include increases in blood pressure, positive chronotropism and regional tissue perfusion changes. However, literature is scarce on the descending pathways controlling cardiovascular responses evoked from PAG. Since Raphe Pallidus (RPa) is a medullary region comprising sympathetic premotor neurons projecting to preganglionic spinal segments connected to sympathetic supplies innervating the heart, it is worth considering the PAG-RPa path. i) to assess whether PAG projects to RPa; ii) to evaluate the amplitude of the inotropic and chronotropic responses evoked from PAG; iii) to assess whether cardiovascular responses evoked from PAG rely on RPa. Experiments were conducted in Wistar rats (300g) and were approved by CEUA - UFG (092/18). In a first set of experiments (n=3), monosynaptic retrograde tracer Retrobeads were injected into RPa, and PAG slices were analyzed. Other two groups of (n = 6 each) were anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g / kg) and chloralose (120 mg / kg) ip and underwent tracheostomy, cannulation of the femoral artery and vein, catheterization of cardiac left ventricular and craniotomy. After a cardiovascular parameters’ stabilization, one group was injected vehicle into RPa 20min before injection of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline Methiodide (BIC 40 pmol / 100nL) into the lateral / dorsolateral PAG. The other group was injected with the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (20mM – 100nL) into the RPa, 20 minutes before injecting the BIC (40 pmol / 100nL) into lateral / dorsolateral PAG. Responses to these injections were accompanied during 40min and compared between groups. Our results were: i) retrogradely labeled neurons were found in all PAG columns; ii) PAG activation by BIC caused positive chronotropism and inotropism, which are accompanied by afterload increases (as evidenced by arterial pressure increases); iii) Inhibition of RPa neurons with Muscimol reduced heart rate, arterial and ventricular pressures. The subsequent injection of BIC into PAG still increased arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac inotropy outcomes, but the magnitude of these responses was significantly smaller than those evoked by BIC into PAG without inhibiting RPa. PAG neurons project directly to RPa. PAG activation increases cardiac chronotropy and inotropy, and these responses seem to partially rely on medullary ventromedial RPa neurons.