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Item Aditivos fitogênicos e ionóforos na degradabilidade da fibra e parâmetro metabólicos em bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-01) Almeida, Jean Sardinha de; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787019Y5; Padua, João Teodoro; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721189P8; Pádua, João Teodoro; Taveira, Rodrigo Zaiden; Miyagi, Eliane SayuriThe objective this paper was evaluate the inlcusion of crude extract of Croton urucurana Baillon or composed of essential oil of cashew and castorbean oil or monensin on the degradability of dry matter and fiber in vitro and dry matter in situ and fermentation ruminal metabolic parameters in beef cattle. The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB) and the School of Veterinary and Animal Science of the Federal University of Goiás – GO, from August 2015 until January 2016. There were four treatments through in vitro technique: control, monensin, Croton urucurana Baillon, biophytus (functional oil composed of cashew and castorbean), with five repetitions. Were evaluated the parameters of degradability of dry matter. Metabolic analysis and in situ was through four animals distributed in a Latin square, were measured glucose, urea, urea nitrogen in the blood, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, albumin, total bilirubin and factions, creatinine, Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride and lactate dehydrogenase. Ruminal parameters were determined by protozoa count, ammonia nitrogen, pH, short chain fatty acids, bacterial reductive activity. The experimental design was completely at random. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments did not increase the IVDMD (P> 0.05). There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) of the treatments on in vitro degradation parameters of DM and NDF in all evaluated times. For MS degradability in situ parameters, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between treatments for soluble and effective degradation fraction with 2% by pass rate. The DM intake, had significant difference (P <0.05) between treatments, with lower consumption for monensin with admission was independent of diet type, either directly via the rumen cannula, it can be show that the lower consumption of diet with monensin supplementation is not by means of sensory but physiological and metabolic mechanisms. There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) for pH between treatments, but the collections after feeding was significant (P <0.05) monensin treatment, occurring up before feeding up two hours. Acetic acid levels were significant (P <0.05) for the hours of collection. The levels of butyric acid was affected by treatments (P <0.05) and not the hours of collection (P> 0.05). The concentrations of AST, GGT, LDH FA and was not affected by treatments (P> 0.05). The inclusion of essential oils, Croton urucurana Baillon and monensin in beef cattle diets hay base has not improved the evaluated parameters. The effective degradability of dry matter had better results with the inclusion of functional oils composed cashews and castorbeans. The intake was influenced by monensin and functional oil in addition the fuction of the two are similar, can be used one over the other.Item Produtividade, composição bromatológica e dinâmica do perfilhamento da brachiaria híbrida convert HD364 sob alturas de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-15) Alves, Emanuel Stival Godoy; Basto, Débora de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3166485141668542; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; Eichler, Verner; Magalhães, Roberto Toledo deThis study aimed to verify if different height management influence in productive characteristics, bromatological and tillering dynamics of Brachiria Hibrid Convert HD 364. The treatments were four cut heights: 25, 30, 35 and 40 cm with 15 cm residue and three repetitions of each treatment. The distribution in the experimental filed was completed randomized in 12 parcels. Were evaluated production of total dry matter, leafs and culm. Bromatological composition was evaluated in leafs, culms and whole plant. From tillering dynamics were evaluated appearance rate (TAP), surveillance (TSOB), mortality (TMOR), proportion among appearance rate and mortality and tiller stability index (IEST). Dry matter production of whole plant and leafs of Brachiária hybrid Convert HD364 was influenced by cut height with higher production obtained in 40 cm. No differences among whole plant, leafs and cull, were found managing heights varying between 25 and 40 cm in evaluated dry matter content, mineral matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Height cut influenced in crude protein content only at 35 cm. Fractions of B. Convert HD364 cull and whole plant presented differences in bromatological composition being observed higher crude protein and mineral matter in leafs and higher neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in culls. Pastures of B. Convert HD364 managed with varying height of 25 to 40 cm, showed no differences in tillering dynamics, surveillance and stability index. Furthermore, bromatological composition was no compromised by cut heights, being this cultivar suitable to be used in ruminant alimentation.Item Utilização da torta de Neem (Azadirachta Indica) como antimicrobiano em rações de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-14) Assunção, Patrícia da Silva; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Campos, Melissa Selaysin DiAn experiment objective was conducted to evaluate the use of Neem cake (Azadirachta indica) as an antimicrobial in broiler rations. Used 240 chicks cutting males of Cobb, 1 day old, distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 6 replications of 10 birds each. The treatments were basal diet without adding antimicrobial diet with 0.05% tylosin, diet with 0.05% Neem and diet with 0.1% Neem. The performance of the birds, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated at 7 and 21 days. There was also the analysis of digestibility of the feed nutrients, from 18 to 21 days of bird life. Swabs were performed in five birds each repetition to one, 14 and 21 days of age to Salmonella sp count. and Escherichia coli. At 21 days of age a bird by repetition was euthanized to make the collection and weighing of the lymphoid organs (spleen, bursa and thymus) of birds. Performance data and metabolization of the feed nutrients were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance level. The E. coli count data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The use of Neem cake did not influence the performance variables evaluated, and also had no effect on digestibility. There was no growth of salmonella during the trial period, the means used. The Neem cake did not reduce the intestinal population of E. coli, and did not affect the weight of the lymphoid organs (spleen, bursa and Timo). We conclude that the use of Neem cake as a growth promoter and antimicrobial, did not affect the performance, digestibility and intestinal microbiota of birds up to 21 days old.Item Óleo-resina de copaíba e extrato de barbatimão na dieta de poedeiras comerciais infectadas por Escherichia coli(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-17) Barbosa, Aleane Francisca Cordeiro; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721288T1; Andradae, Maria Auxiliadora; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780227J3; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785461T6; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Rodrigues, kênia Ferreira; Stringhini, José HenriqueThe present study was performed to evaluate the supplementation of copaiba oleo resin or barbatimão extract in the diet of laying hens challenged with Escherichia coli. A total of 200 Isa Brown laying hens (64-76 weeks old) were used, and all the birds were intravaginally inoculated with 0.5 mL of 0.85% sterile saline solution containing 8.8 x 109 CFU / mL of Escherichia coli. It was adopted the randomized complete block design (birds weight used as block criteria), with four treatments and five replicates of 10 birds. The treatments consisted of: basal diet without additives (control); basal diet + 30 mg / kg of antibiotic (halquinol); basal diet + 30 mg / kg of copaiba oleo resin and basal diet + 40 mg / kg barbatimão extract. The experiment lasted three periods of 28 days. At the end of each period, the performance and the external and internal egg quality were evaluated as the search for the presence of Escherichia coli in eggs; and at the end of the total period, the search for Escherichia coli in ovarian follicles and oviduct. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means, when necessary, were compared by Tukey test (5%). For the Escherichia coli searching in eggs, follicles and oviduct, it was applied descriptive analysis (absolute and relative frequency). The inclusion of 40 mg / kg diet of barbatimão extract lead to worse feed conversion than the control treatment and decreased egg production compared to antibiotic treatment. The addition of 30 mg / kg diet of copaiba oleo resin did not influence the hens performance. The use of barbatimão extract lead to production of heavier eggs, and worse shell thickness and internal quality (UH) when compared to antibiotic treatment. Egg weight, the albumen percentage and the yolk index in the treatment with copaiba oleo resin were better than those of antibiotic treatment. However, the inclusion of copaiba oleo resin resulted in a lower yolk percentage when compared to antibiotic treatment. There was a lower frequency of isolation of Escherichia coli in intra-vaginal swabs samples from treatment with copaiba. The inclusion of barbatimão or copaiba provided lower frequency of isolation of E. coli in ovarian follicles in relation to antibiotic treatment. There was a lower frequency of isolation of E. coli in the oviduct with the addition of barbatimão extract when compared to antibiotic treatment. The treatment with copaiba oleo resin showed higher frequency of isolation of E. coli in the oviduct than the other treatments. The use of copaiba oleo resin or barbatimão extract resulted in lower frequency of isolation of Escherichia coli in the shell, albumen and yolk samples, in relation to antibiotic treatment. The inclusion of copaiba oleo resin may be an alternative to antibiotics in laying hens commercial diets.Item Impacto da mastite subclínica na chance de cura durante o período seco de vacas leiteiras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-09) Barbosa, William Marota; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora de; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge daMastitis is the most important factor to increase somatic cell count (SCC) in cow milk; this increase causes numerous losses to dairy farmers and industries. Several studies measuring cure rates of subclinical mastitis during dry-off have been conducted for several decades with different results depending on the type of pathogen involved in the infection, the age and immunity of the cow, the duration of the dry period, and the protocols used in the dry cow therapy. Few studies in Brazil consider infection time and SCC level before dry-off because of the difficulty in accessing or controlling this information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cows before dry-off, the somatic cell count (SCC) values in this period and the odds of subclinical mastitis in the first test day of a new lactation. 2,455 lactations from 2,064 cows were evaluated in 14 farms that included 9,820 individual tests. Lactations were grouped into four categories based on the number of test days ≥ 200,000 cells/mL in the three months prior to dry-off, and were also grouped by the geometric mean SCC of the last three months into five categories. The binary response variable was based on the first test day of the next lactation and was grouped as “healthy” (<200.000 cells/mL) or “subclinical” (≥200.000 cells/mL). Three mixed logistic regression models were created, and also included the explanatory variables parity, duration of dry period, season of calving, season of dry-off. Data set evaluation (model1) showed that 850 (34.5%) of lactations returned with subclinical mastitis in the next lactation. There was a wide variation between the herds and, except for duration of dry period, all variables used influenced the postpartum SCC result. The rate of new cases (Model2) was 20.9% (152/729) and was more influenced by parity, where cows of four or more lactation were more than twice as likely to have a new case compared to second lactation cows (OR=2,40 IC 95% 1,27~4,46). The season of dry-off did not influence the new cases. The cure rate during the dry period was 59.6% (1,028 / 1,726) and ranged from 20.0 to 83.3% between herds. Cows that dry-off with geometric mean SCC below 200,000 cells / mL in the last three months of lactation were six times more likely to cure than cows that dry-off with geometric mean above 1,600,000 cells/mL (OR = 6.41-95% CI). 3.17-13,15). Systematic evaluation of the end lactation SCC can help farmers to make decisions to prevent chronic mastitis and also to establish protocols for management for chronic cows at dry-off, culling must be considered.Item Avaliação nutricional da qualidade do milho para frangos de corte em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-11-29) Batista , Lucas Ferreira; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Viana , Eduardo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7788105107050702; Stringhini , José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café , Marcos Barcelos; Laboissière , MicheleThe objective of this study was to increase the knowledge about the nutritional composition of maize grains and correlate the main physical and chemical variables that contribute to the energetic values of maize grains used in broiler rations. For this, corn grains samples received by a commercial broiler feed factory located in southeastern Goias during the years 2012 to 20015 were analyzed. The parameters evaluated were divided into physical variables such as: Moisture content (%),% (Kg / m³), chemical variables such as:% Ethereal Extract,% Crude Protein,% Crude Fiber,% Crude Grain,% Crude Grain,% Crude Grain,% Crude Grain and the presence of mycotoxins (Aflatoxin and Fumonisin. In the present work, the values, mean, median, maximum and minimum values, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and normality tests and data distribution were described for each physical and chemical variable analyzed. Where there was no normal distribution of the results during the experimental period, revealing variation of these variables. Significant correlations (P <0.05) were found between the physical variables, Density and Humidity (-0.76), Infested Grains and Presence of Fumonisin (0.81); Moderate among the variables Crude Protein and Presence of Fumonisin (0.63) and% of Good Grains and Broken Grains (-0.70); (-0.15), Presence of Aflatoxins (0.28),% Good Grains (0.33) and% of Broken Grains (-0.41), among the variables Crude Protein and (-0.23), Presence of Aflatoxins and% of Humidity (-0,30) and Fumonisins (-0,27), between Presence of Aflatoxins and% of Humidity ( 0.30) and Specific Density (0.28) and the Presence of Fumonisins with Specific Density (0.43). A metabolism test was also carried out with 400 broilers, 14 days old, of the Cobb 500 male lineage, to verify the influence of the specific gravity of the corn kernels on the values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), Apparent Metabolizable Energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEn), in natural and dry matter, Apparent Metabolizable Coefficient of Crude Protein (AMC_CP), Ethereal Extract (AMC_EE), Calcium (AMC_CA), and Phosphorus (AMC_P) were evaluated. For this purpose, different samples of maize with specific densities of 740, 760, 780 and 800 kg / m³ were obtained in a commercial feed factory for broilers, located in southeast Goias. The different fractions of specific density of maize had different bromatological compositions, with variations mainly in the Gross Energy (2.28%), Crude Fiber (21.6%), Ethereal Extract (16%) and Percentage of Infested Grains. The treatments were significant (P <0.05), on the values of AME, AMEn, AMC_DM, AMC_EE, AMC_CA and AMC_P, but did not have trend curve proportional to the stipulated variations for the specific density, not determining which fraction of corn would be of better nutritional quality. What alerts us to analyze all the physical and chemical characteristics of the grains, besides the specific density, in order to determine the quality of the corn received in the feed factory for broiler chicken.Item Ácido guanidinoacético em dieta pré-inicial para frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-28) Borges, Kamilla Martins; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Leandro, Nadja Susana MogycaCreatine is a substance that provides temporary energy. Guanidinoacetic acid (AGA) is a natural precursor of creatine, and can be added to feeds. The AGA provided acts as an energetic substrate with lower protein degradation with amino acid shift for gluconeogenesis, improving the initial performance of the birds. To evaluate the AGA in broiler chicken diet, an experiment was carried out using rations formulated for the pre-initial phase. Treatments consisted of a basal diet without AGA and rations with 0.10 and 0.20% AGA. A total of 252 male cutting chicks, distributed in a completely randomized design (DIC), with seven replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit were used. Feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion were evaluated at seven, 14 and 21 days of age. Six days later, blood samples were collected for the determination of creatinine, creatine kinase (CK) and glucose and two metabolism tests were performed one at three and the other at 17 days of age. Data were submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA and the means were compared by the Tukey test. In the period of 1 to 7 days, an improvement in the feed conversion of animals receiving 0.20% AGA was observed. In the period from 7 to 14 days there was improvement in feed conversion and tending to improve the weight gain of the animals that received 0.20% AGA. There was no cumulative effect of AGA use on experimental rations fed to broiler chickens from 1 to 7 days of age on performance up to 21 days of age. Blood creatinine values at six days of life did not show significant differences. Animals that received 0.20% AGA presented higher CK blood concentration than the other treatments. The blood glucose concentration did not present statistical differences between treatments. The crude protein metabolism coefficient (CMPB) was increased within 3 to 7 days for animals receiving 0.20% AGA in the diet. There was no difference between treatments in the period from 17 to 21 days for the metabolization coefficient. The animals' intestinal weight and length did not show differences between treatments. Levels of 0.10 and 0.20% of AGA in the pre-starter diet improves weight gain and feed conversion over the period from 1 to 14 days of age in broilers.Item Estudo genético-quantitativo de características de crescimento, reprodução, carcaça e escores visuais em um rebanho nelore sob seleção para precocidade sexual(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-23) Brunes, Ludmilla Costa; Rey, Fernando Sebastian Baldi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2142265309634106; Costa, Marcos Fernando Oliveira e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9680699222245462; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Lobo, Raysildo Barbosa; Mamede, Mariana Marcia SantosThe reproductive efficiency in cattle herds, as well as the anticipation of puberty, has positive effects on zootechnical indexes and on the profitability of production systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and the genetic and phenotypic trends for growth, carcass, and reproductive traits in a Nellore cattle herd under selection for sexual precocity, given age at first conception and age at first calving as selection criterion. Furthermore, this study also aimed to evaluate, using multivariate analyzes, which traits, among growth, carcass and visual scores, better discern early pregnancy. Genetic parameters were estimated for birth weight (BW), weight at 120 (W120), 210 (W210), 365 (W365) and 450 (W450) days of age, average daily gain pre-weaning and post-weaning (ADGPRE e ADGPOS), rib eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness (RF), marbling (MAR), hot carcass weight (HCW), weight of edible portion (WEP), scrotal circumference at 365 (SC365) and 450 (SC450) days of age, gestation length (LG), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), real fertility (RF), cumulative productivity (CP), relation to weaning (RW), age at first conception (AFCo) and age at first calving (AFCa). Data were provided by Vera Cruz Ranch and the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP). The covariance components were estimated using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method, available on BLUPF90 package, in univariate and bivariate analyzes using animal model. The heritability estimated for BW (0.39), W120 (0.32), W210 (0.31), W365 (0.33), W450 (0.34), ADGPRE (0.23), ADGPOS (0.27), REA (0.39), BF (0.34), RF (0.34), MAR (0.38), HCW (0.39), WEP (0.39), SC365 (0.33), SC450 (0.33), LG (0.23), DO (0.34), CI (0.23), RF (0.21), CP (0.25), RW (0.26), AFCo (0.21) and AFCa (0.24) indicated the possibility of genetic selection. The maternal heritability estimated for BW (0.06), W120 (0.08), W210 (0.07), W365 (0.05), W450 (0.11), ADGPRE (0.12), ADGPOS (0.08), SC365 (0.07) and SC450 (0.03) indicated genetic effects of the dam on the progeny performance, until the post-weaning phase, for growth traits. The genetic correlations estimated within growth traits, between growth and carcass traits, within carcass traits and reproductive trait were favorable and of moderate magnitude. The traits that indicate sexual precocity showed genetic correlation coefficients ranging from -0.51 to -0.15, -0.62 to -0.33 and -0.61 to 0.14, between growth, carcass and reproductive traits, respectively. Genetic correlation coefficients were, in most cases, favorable. The genetic trends obtained showed, in general, the effectiveness of the adopted selection criteria with satisfactory genetic gains. Selection for sexual precocity, based on age at first conception, shall promote opposite direction genetic changes on growth, carcass and reproductive traits, which is the desirable effect. Birth weight, fat thickness, bone structure, musculature, rib depth, tail and rump insertion were the traits that presented greater discrimination power for early pregnancy. Thus, these traits can be used as such management targeting criteria and decision-making practices, in order to enable animals to express early pregnancy, guiding the breeders in selecting females for sexual precocity.Item Influência da condição e tempo de armazenamento na qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais em idades avançadas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-27) Camargo, Sarah Maria Pires; Racanicci, Aline Mondini Calil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5304081966255411; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Tenório, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate Cordeiro; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues TaveiraAn egg begins to lose its quality as soon as it is laid, an inevitable phenomenon that happens as time passes, and could be slowed down or accelerated by many factors. Based on this topic, the goal of this study was to assess the influence of storage conditions, hen age, and storage duration evaluating the chemical, physical and rheological properties of eggs from commercial hens of different ages (31, 62 and 88 weeks) in correlation of two methods of storage: refrigerated(fridge) and on a shelf(room temperature) and four storage periods (1st, 10th, 20th and 30thday). The experiment was executed for the duration of 30 days, at Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil. 288 eggs were utilized, of which were distributed randomly, in a factorial arrangement 3x2x4 (age, methods of storage, and storage periods), totaling 24 treatments with 4 repetitions of 3 eggs. Each egg was subjected to breakage and analyzed in regards to its quality in an interval of 10 days, and were evaluated based on: weight of the yolk, shell and albumen (as percentages), thickness of the shell (cm), height of the albumen and yolk (mm) , diameter of the albumen and yolk (mm), specific gravity, Haugh unit, Haugh index of albumen and yolk, pH of albumen and yolk, shell resistance and viscosity. Statistics of this study consisted in analyzing tests of normality, homoscedasticity and ShapiroWilk test, Levene and BoxPlot and z-score. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and to Tukey's test(p<0,05). In order to analyze the viscosity, a graphical analysis of dispersion during a specific interval was utilized. The software R-Project was used as a tool in order to help analyze the data obtained. Regardless of the storage periods, the eggs stored in refrigeration presented higher values of albumen index when compared to eggs kept on shelf. Eggs from hens with age from 66 to 88 weeks displayed lower percentages of shell and albumen, as well as a lower shell resistance and lower yolk index when compared to other eggs, regardless of time of storage or environment. Viscosity was stable with eggs stored in a refrigerated environment. Viscosity of eggs kept at room temperature displayed newtonian fluid behavior, indicating that hen age is an important factor to reduce albumen viscosity. Eggs stored for 10 days kept their qualities, regardless of the hen's age.Item Diversidade haplotípica da região promotora e do éxon 8 no gene ghr e suas relações com a lactação observada e ajustada para 305 dias em vacas da raça holandesa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-07-15) Cardoso, Vanderlei Alves; Reis, Angela Adamski da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3243656364470085; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Reis, Angela Adamski da Silva; Cruz, Alex Silva da; Zacaroni, Ozana de FátimaThere are several factors that may affect the milk yield in cattle, among which the environmental characteristics and the genetic profile are the most important. The use of tools for genetic evaluation of animals, in particular the identification of SNPs, which are able to interfere with the production capacity, is being widely studied and used in animal production. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of polymorphic variants of the promoter region and éxon8 in gene of growth hormone receptor (GHR) in Holstein cows in milk. They used data from lactations and milk composition in the first and second lactation of 106 cows in the municipality of Cristalina, Goiás. The blood samples were collected and the genomic material was purified (DNA). The genotypes were analyzed by PCR-FRLP technique using the AluI enzyme in the promoter region and Sspl to the exon8 of the GHR gene, respectively. For the data analysis of lactation and milk composition was performed analyses of varyance and Tukey test. Allelic frequencies of 47.64% were observed for AluI (-) and 52.36% for AluI (+) for the polymorphism of the promoter region, 49.53% for Ssp (-) and 50.47% for Ssp (+ ) for the polymorphism of exon8 of the gene. As to the genotypic frequencies, the promoter region had 12.26%, 70.76% and 16.98% for AluI genotypes (- / -), AluI (+/-) and AluI (+ / +) respectively. While the region of exon8 presented frequencies of 7.55%, 83.96% and 8.49% for genotypes Ssp (- / -), SspI (+/-), and SspI (+ / +) respectively. No statistically significant differences were found (P> 0.05) for the production and composition of milk on the effects of polymorphisms of the promoter region (AluI) and exon 8 (SspI) of the GHR gene. The composition EST and ESD were higher for SspI genotypes (- / -), but with significance level P = 0.06 and P = 0.05 respectively for EST and ESD. The interaction between the two polymorphisms and their effects on milk production and composition, no statistically significant differences were observed (P> 0.05).Item Protease em dietas contendo farinhas de origem animal para frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-11) Carvalho, Deborah Pereira; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Stringhini, José Henrique; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Laboissière, MIchele; Carvalho, Fabyiola Barros deResearch with use of exogenous enzymes in feed for broiler, has shown its advantages in improving the digestibility and nutrient availability for birds, resulting in better performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding "on the top" the enzyme protease 0.05% (Cybenza DP 100) in diets for broilers containing animal meal. Two experiments were conducted divided into 4 treatments each experiment. In both experiments were using the same treatments, the treatments offered were: T1 - corn-based feed and soybean meal, T2 - corn-based feed and soybean meal with addition of protease, T3 - based feed corn and soybean meal with addition of meat, feathers and viscera, T4 - corn-based feed and soybean meal with addition of meat, feathers and viscera, with the addition of protease. The "experiment 1" was carried out with 320 chicks Cobb500 strain of 1 to 21 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, divided into batteries, with 4 treatments and 8 repetitions each containing 10 broiler per cage. The variables analyzed were: digestibility and performance variables. The "Experiment 2" was carried out with 720 chicks Cobb500 strain of 1 to 42 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, divided into box with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions each containing 30 broiler per box. The analyzed variables were: performance and Biometry of the gastrointestinal tract organs and the intestines and bowel. In all treatments the data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance. In the " experiment 1 " it was observed that supplementation of the enzyme protease improved the feed conversion only in the pre- initial stage , but proved advantageous to use also in the initial phase , because even with the reduction in nutrient levels the results did not differ . In the " second experiment " it was observed that the use of animal meal for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age proved advantageous , since treatments with animal meal in their composition showed better weight gain and lower feed intake . The protease enzyme supplementation improved viability.Item Qualidade de carne e bem-estar de suínos submetidos a diferentes tamanhos de lote no embarque(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-03) Castro, Izabela Cruvinel di; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Lopes, João Batista; Stringhini, José HenriquePig production starts on the farms until reaching the final product that is generated in the refrigerator. One of the impasses in the pig termination phase is the best shape and the ideal batch size to be taken to the transport truck for shipment in order to minimize or eliminate animal stress and factors detrimental to carcass and quality Of meat. When driving the pigs to the truck, it is necessary to use management methods that minimize stress. For the conduct of the animals it is necessary to determine the number of animals to be driven at a time since a very large group could be subject to greater stress and agitation which can interfere in the final quality of the meat. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between the size of the group of finished pigs driven to the truck, the influence on meat quality, number of lesions and parameters of animal welfare. The experiment was carried out in five pig growth and finishing farms in the western region of Santa Catarina. Were used 198 finishing pigs of both sexes (females and males), divided in three ways of conduction (lot of three, five and ten animals) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 54 animals from one of the farms (corresponding to three replicates for each treatment) and 36 animals from each farm (representing eight replicates per treatment). The variables analyzed were number of lesions, aspects of meat quality, physiological parameters of stress. Measurements of lesions in the farm, slaughterhouse and slaughterhouse, injuries of the type of fight, density and management, lesions in the loin, palette, leg and total, meat quality parameters in the Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscle, meat classification in CSR, NFP And RFN, and physiological measures of cortisol and lactate. In all treatments the data were submitted to analysis of variance, through the SAS program, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. There were no significant differences between batch sizes, for lesions caused on the farm, slaughterhouse, slaughterhouse and totals, as well as between carcass, loin, palette, shank and total cuts. There were differences (p <0.05) in loin lesions, caused by fights where the group of ten animals had a larger number. Density-type lesions were also found in batch treatments of three and five animals when compared to the batch of ten animals. For management-type lesions, there was a statistical difference in the loins of the animals from a group of three animals that had a lower number of lesions when compared to five and ten animals. In the Longissimus dorsi muscle, at 45 minutes post-mortem temperature, there was a significant difference between the treatment of five animals that had a lower temperature than the other treatments. In the Semimembranosus muscle, the temperature 45 minutes post-mortem obtained a difference (p <0.05) in treatments five and ten animals with lower temperatures, when compared to the treatment with three animals. The pH measured 24 hours post mortem in the treatment of five animals is inferior to the other treatments and in the driploss the treatment of five animals obtained greater loss of water. As for the sizes of finishing pig lots driven to the truck, the results indicate that batches of three, five and ten animals can be shipped without impairing the quality of meat and animal welfare.Item Efeitos do armazenamento nos parâmetros físicoquímicos e resistência à Salmonella Enteritidis em ovos de ema (Rhea americana)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-12) Cervi, Renato Clini; Araújo, Luciana Batalha de Miranda; Rezende, Cíntia Silvia Minafra e; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Bailão, Alexandre Mello; Andrade, Maria AuxiliadoraThe egg is an animal product with excellent nutritional value used in human food. The Ema (Rhea americana) is an animal of the Brazilian wildlife with potential to produce eggs that differ from other species in its microbiological resistance and percentages of nutrients. In order to obtain information about the chemical composition, resistance to Salmonella Enteritidis, and appropriate forms of storage for preservation of quality, were evaluated five lots of eggs from emus to assess quality in periods of seven , 14 , 21, 28 and 35 days of storage at refrigeration temperature , and three lots on 10 , 20 and 30 days to contamination of Salmonella Enteritidis. According to the results, it can be concluded that the internal quality changes with storage time, remaining viable up to 21 days of storage. The fractions of the egg change with protein degradation, and significant reduction in quality values, expressed in Haugh Unit. The eggs had high resistance to contamination by salmonella Enteritidis in all storage periods. Protein fractions of white and yolk and rheological parameters show differences from chicken egg, providing information to appropriate use of these products by the industry.Item Características tricológicas e fisiológicas de bovinos da raça nelore submetidos a diferentes graus de sombreamento no cerrado brasileiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-26) Costa, Allan Rodrigues da; Alves, Fabiana Villa; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765665P3; Pádua, João Teodoro; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721189P8; Páadua, Joãao Teodoro; Ribeiro, Jeferson Corrêa; Oliveira, Eliandra Maria BianchiniThis study aimed to evaluate the morphological and physiological characteristics related to thermoregulatory heifers kept in different conditions of shading in the Brazilian cerrado. The research was conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle in Campo Grande-MS. 16 heifers reared in forest crop livestock integration system (ILPF) and livestock farming (ILP) divided into four paddocks each, the experimental unit picket with two animals were used. The experiment was carried out in three periods (December, January and February) and the experimental design was completely randomized, and the plots were composed by systems (ILP and ILPF) in three collections (December, January and February). The Morphophysiological parameters were coloration of the (CPM) and skin (CPL), the number of hairs per unit area (NP), medium density by (DM), average diameter of hairs (SD) Average hair length ( CP). The pigmentation of the hair coat of heifers showed statistical significance to the ILP and ILPF systems. To characterize the environment, they were collected dry bulb temperature, black globe temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and relative humidity, the sun and the shade, to determine the following thermal comfort indexes: index temperature and humidity, globe temperature and humidity index, and radiation heat load. The ILP and ILPF systems had environmental conditions that indicate situation of moderate stress the critical and features skin and hair coat of heifers reared in ILP and ILPF systems showed no differences (P 0.05)Item Valor nutricional e características fermentativas da silagem de capim-mombaça com adição de farelo de girassol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-10-15) Costa, Eduardo Rodolfo da; Costa, Adriana Rodolfo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8142254771826531; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; Souza, Flávio Faria de; Bastos , Débora de CarvalhoThe nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of the silage grass mombaça with sunflower meal inclusion were evaluated. The treatments consisted of four levels of inclusion: 0%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The levels of dry matter determined in silage grass mombaça, differed depending on the sunflower meal inclusion levels, ranging from 24.69 % to 28.50%. The CP content ranged from 11.63 % to 21.651 % and significant differences were observed between the inclusion levels (P<0.05). The highest level of sunflower meal inclusion - 20% - resulted in smaller losses by effluent. The pH values found varied between 4.89 and 5.57. The average levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) remained between 1.33 and 6.42. The average levels of residual soluble carbohydrates ranged between 4.63 and 8.38, with significant similarity only between the levels of 15% and 20 % of sunflower meal (P> 0.05). The contents of lactic acid, acetic, propionic and butyric ranged from the 1,245 to 3,898; the 2.428 to 8.670; the 0.248 to 0.135 and the 0.016 to 0.027 respectively, and differed significantly (P<0.05) between the sunflower meal levels. The degradability of the dry matter of silage varied as a function of sunflower meal inclusion levels , having the potential degradability (PD) between 71.46 % and 81.96 %, being to 27.86 % to 32.83 % variation to the fraction "a" and between 39.01 % and 52.07 % for the "b" fraction . Regarding the CP, PD ranged from 83.09 % to 92.57 %, and the contents of the fraction "a", fractions "b" and part "c", were significantly influenced by the addition levels sunflower meal (P < 0.05) showing variation of 24.79 % to 61.50 %, 28.68 % to 59.73 %, and 0.0194 % to 0.0411 %, respectively.Item Uso da automação para estimação de consumo alimentar, peso vivo e eficiência alimentar em bovinos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-27) Crozara, Adriano Santana; Eifert, Eduardo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1970715916178343; Costa, Marcos Fernando de Oliveira e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9680699222245462; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhôa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhôa; Lopes, Fernando Brito; Cavalcanti, Luigi Francis LimaThe objective of this study was to verify the correlation of residual feed intake and gain and body weight variables obtained by traditional weighing methods, every 14 days and fasting animals, and daily weighing using an automated scale, in food efficiency tests, also verify the feasibility of reducing the duration of the test using the automated system, identifying the amount of minimum and adequate days for accurate measurement of residual feed intake, weight gain, dry matter intake and ratio conversion. A total of 28 Nellore and 16 Guzera cattle were used, not castrated and aged between 18 and 21 months. The test had a duration of 70 days, with an initial weighing, four intermediate and final weighing. The animals were also weighed daily by means of electronic scales coupled to drinking fountains. The variables measured to generate the food efficiency information (RC, FE and RFI) were: dry matter intake (DMI, kg/day); average daily gain (ADG, kg / day); live weight (LW, kg); subcutaneous fat thickness (mm) and, later, residual feed intake (RFI, kg/day). Cattle effects went through analysis of variance of repeated measures, to verify the need to analyze it separately. Averages test was performed for initial and final weight characteristics, ADG, RC and FE for the two scales. For RFI, originating from traditional and automated weighing information, was made a correlation between them, to verifying their magnitude. Significance of the slopes of the weight regression curves from the two scales was verified. Correlations were made between the weights from the traditional and automated scale, considering the six weighings by the traditional balance during the efficiency test and automated weighing disregarding the days of possible interference in weight due to fasting (one day before and one after the fast). To verify the possible reduction of time for food efficiency tests, using the automated weighing system, the variables of RFI, BW, ADG and DMI were grouped, obtaining an average value every four days. These data are representative for days 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62 and 66 and 70. Thus, from the sequential information of the four characteristics, the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were generated in relation to the final information (70th day) for the same characteristics and their variations. The moment when the correlation was significant at 0.1% and difference between variances below 1% for each characteristic was considered as adequate for the conclusion time for respective characteristic in food efficiency test. No differences were found between means of the two scales for initial and final weights, RC and FE, only for ADG. The Pearson and Spearman correlations of the RFI between the values obtained by weighing using the traditional and automated scale were, respectively, 0.75 and 0.76. The slopes of the lines for weights between the two scales were statistically similar. To reduce the test time, considering the reduction of the variances and the correlation coefficients, it is recommended that for the characteristics of ADG and RC it is possible to reduce to 58 days, for DMI 38 days and for RFI 34 days. The use of automated scale can serve as an option for RFI information in food efficiency tests. By conducting them using these it is possible to reduce the test period according to the desired characteristic, average gain and ratio conversion 58 days, for dry matter intake 38 days and for residual feed intake 34 days, obtaining reliable results.Item Efeitos ambientais sobre a velocidade de crescimento e o diâmetro folicular de éguas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-10-20) Curado, Edmêe Aparecida Fleury; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Viu, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7829414158162743; Viu, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; Lopes, Dyomar ToledoDue to the current trade and technology used in equine breeding, there is a search for effective reproductive methods, seeking to optimize the resources provided by the animal and the environment. Hormonal mare characteristics already known and used with a positive reproductive effect, such as the use of equine pituitary extract (EPE) to induce ovulation, may be better employed if we eliminate the heterogenicity of the samples at the moment of collection. This experiment was conducted with the objective of inducing estrus and ovulation in mares at the end of the mating season, with the use of EPE collected separately at different times of the year - summer and winter. The protocols were 14 cross bred mares, of which 7 were submitted to treatment with EPE collected in the summer and the others with EPE collected in the winter. All of these animals were initially treated as a control group, that is, being monitored daily for ovarian, uterine and behavioral changes from the start of the breending season. From the beginning of March 2017 (03/03/2017), these animals were randomly assigned to one of the treatments, which consisted of an intramuscular application of 125 IU EPE every 12 hours, until one or more more follicles with 34/35 mm, when each one received a single intravenous EPE application containing 500 IU to induce ovulation. The only difference between the groups was the EPE collection season. The results obtained in this experiment allowed to conclude that the reduction of the light incidence after the summer solstice reduces the diameter of the ovulatory follicle. In addition, EPE-summer was more effective when used with the objective of maintaining follicular growth in mares during the end of the breeding season, resulting in larger ovulatory follicles.Item Probiótico fúngico para ovinos alimentados com dietas de alto grão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-04) Fabino Neto, Ronaildo; Pessoa, Flávia Oliveira Abrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9895172381398793; Godoy, Marcelo Marcondes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2592461149811108; Okada, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5838290185532582; Okada, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi; Santos, Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos; Peron, Hugo Jayme Mathias CoelhoThe objective was to select facultative anaerobic fungi from the sheep rumen and to evaluate their probiotic capacity in association with high grain diets (DAG) for Santa Inês/Dorper sheep. It was obtained 30 fungal isolates from the sheep rumen submitted to DAG, which were part of the fungal collection stored in the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Federal Goiano Campus Ceres Institute, where the in vitro and in vivo assay was also conducted. The isolates were classified according to morphotyping by microculture, submitted to amylase and mycotoxin enzyme production tests, tolerance to the main volatile fatty acids, viability in the ruminal fluid and the colonization capacity of the starch granules. In the performance test, 4x2 factorial was used in CED, with four inoculants (no inoculum, Rhizomucor spp., Aspergillus terreus and mixed of two fungi) and two processing (ground or whole grain). Eight bays with five lambs/bay were used for 75 days with 15 days of adaptation. The diets with 85% corn plus 15% vitamin, mineral and protein nucleus were fed ad libtum twice a day (7h and 16h), allowed to be left over 5%, and the inocula sprinkled at the time of feeding. Five samples were taken of the ingredients of the diets, the diets and the leftovers of the diets during the test to perform the centesimal analyzes. The animals were weighed biweekly for evaluation of performance indices. At the end of the trial, the carcass yields of five animals per treatment were calculated, as well as the ruminal fluid for the study of the microbiological profile of the rumen, macroscopic evaluation of the ruminal liquid, ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbiological activity, in addition to the TGI fragments for histological analysis. The parametric data were submitted to ANOVA and the data averages compared by the Tukey test at 5%. For the variables of the microbiological profile, the non-parametric tests, Chi-square test, Wilcoxon and Kruscall-Wallis were used, besides the descriptive analyzes. Of the 30 selected fungal isolates, 21 are of the genus Aspergillus, six of the genus Rhizopus spp. and three Rhizomucor spp. which were evaluated for their probiotic potential in vitro. All the isolates were able to degrade starch, and 19 are mycotoxin producers, being initially not feasible as a probiotic. There was no interaction between probiotic and processing factors for the performance variables (P>0.05), nor was there any effect of the addition of probiotics on the performance of sheep fed the different treatments (P> 0.05). Greater consumption of DM, MM, EE, NDF and CNF was observed for animals fed whole grain corn (MGI) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for OM, PB, GPMD, CA and neither for food efficiency. Fluid staining showed a low rate of acidosis. The aromatic odor predominated, which characterizes environment with neutral pH. Fluid samples showed high microbial activity. The ruminal pH differed (P<0.05) when considered the type of processing, being higher for milled grain (MGM). No difference was observed in any of the analyzed microbiological communities (P>0.05) (Lac + and Lac- bacteria, fungi, yeasts and protozoa). Six genera of facultative anaerobic fungi were identified for all ruminal fluid samples from a total of 15 observations. Cladosporium spp. was the most prevalent genus (46.66%), followed by Aspergillus (26.66%). There was no significant difference in the protozoan population (P>0.05). The width of the base of the papillae presented expressive interaction between the fungal probiotic and processing factors, being higher for MGM (P<0.05) for Rhizomucor spp. treatment and control (P<0.05). Selected anaerobic fungi from the rumen are promising to be used as a probiotic on a high grain diet, however in the performance assay the increased fungi concentration has not been shown to be effective. Other studies are necessary to find the appropriate situation for maximum productive expression of the isolated selected fungi.Item Avaliação de fatores que afetam a qualidade de farinha de vísceras na indústria de subprodutos avícola(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-06-20) Fernandes, Eder de Sousa; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Oliveira, Guilherme Roberto de; Mascarenhas, Alessandra GimenezIn order to characterize the possible variations in the chemical composition of the viscera meal was carried out this work to study the possible variables that can cause variations and affect the final quality of poultry by products focusing on their use in the feed industry broilers. For this experiment was chosen a large commercial poultry abattoir processing viscera immediately after slaughter of birds in a processing plant poultry meal, unit is located in central Goiás state. The samples were collected and analyzed weekly for a period of twelve months between June 2014 and June 2015. in order to characterize the possible variations in the chemical composition of the viscera flour were studied the effect of temperature, pressure, humidity, weight and processing time and to assess the flours obtained the parameters were qualitative tests (acidity index, peroxide index and Eber test), the proximal evaluation (ether extract, crude protein, moisture, calcium and phosphorus), and this grading tests were performed, color texture and odor. For such an assessment adopted the statistical program R using the statistical method of Pearson correlations.Item Utilização de misturas de coprodutos em rações de vacas leiteiras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-04) Ferreira, Lorrany Bento; Lima, Milton Luiz Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7562710128026687; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; Amaral, Alliny das Graças; Ribeiro, Marinaldo DivinoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the partial replacement of corn silage and concentrate mixtures of by-products on the dry matter intake, milk yield and composition, conditioned meal, apparent digestibility in the digestive tract and feeding behavior of dairy cows. Nine multiparous lactating cows, coming from Holstein x Jersey cross, were confined in tie stall stalls and used Latin square 3x3 replicated, with periods of 18 days. The treatments were (% DM): Control - 53.5% corn silage and 46.5% concentrate; Mixture 1-43% corn silage, 30% concentrate and 27% of by-products of mixture 1 and Mixture 2-18% corn silage, 31% concentrate and 51% of by-products mixture 2. The feed was provided individually twice a day in complete diet. In each period, the offered food, leftovers and feces were collected, quantified and analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber ( NDF) and mineral matter (MM) to determine the intake and digestibility. The production of milk was recorded at the end of each experimental period, wherein the milk samples were collected and composed of two daily milkings and analyzed for fat, protein and lactose. The conditioned meal was assessed on days one, seven, and 14 of the experimental period, in which the feed was weighed two hours after its supply in the morning. The masticatory activity was visually assessed every 5 minutes for 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed with PROC MIXED SAS and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% significance level. The dry matter intake, production and composition of milk did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments Control and Mixture 1. Mixture 2 treatment decreased (P<0.05) dry matter intake (13.2 vs. 15.9 kg /d) producing corrected milk fat (22.7 vs. 25.3 kg / d), fat content (3.63 vs. 4.06%), protein (2.87 vs. 3.07 %) and lactose milk yield (1.11 vs. 1.17 kg / day) compared to the Control treatment. There was no effect (P>0.05) on the digestibility of DM, OM and NDF between Control and Mixture 1 treatments, however the Mixture 2 treatment DM digestibility (65.8 vs. 58.4%) and MO (68.6 vs. 60.6%) were higher (P<0.05) compared to Control. MS consumption in the conditioned meal was lower (P<0.05) on day seven and 14 for Mixture the 2 treatment compared to the Control. The intake variables, rumination and chewing did not differ (P> 0.05) between the Control and Mixture 1. Mixture 2 and the treatment rumination times (425 min/d) and chewing (640 min/d) were lower (P<0.05) compared to Control. The Mixture 1 treatment can be used without loss in animal productivity, however treatment Mixture 2 depressed the dry matter intake, milk production and solid content.
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