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Item Tratamento de esgoto sanitário em sistemas alagados construídos utilizando Typha angustifolia e Phragmites australis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-28) ABRANTES, Lorena Lemes Martins; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845This study aimed to assess the efficiency of two vegetal species in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in constructed wetlands system. Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the species Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed), in their possible combinations, in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in a constructed wetlands system, of vertical subsuperficial flux, with two flux directions (ascendant and descendant), related to the attributes: organic material, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, solids and thermotolerant coliforms. The experiment was conducted in the Researching Station in Sewer Treatment with Plants RSSTP (UFG), located in the Sewer Treatment Station (STS) Samambaia, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental unit has twenty four modules, grouped sequences of two modules (initial and final modules). Raw sewage which comes from the initial part of the ETE facultative pond was pumped into the deep of the treatment initial modules, filled up with substrate layers (in the deep filled up with rocks category number 3, followed by rocks category number 1, washed sand, and again rocks category number 1) and planted with cattail or reed. After going up by the vegetated substrate (ascendant vertical flux) the sewer was drained and conducted to the final treatment modules equally filled up and vegetated with one of the species, although being applied in the surface and drained by the deep (vertical descendant flux). The tax of sewer application was of 80 L.m-2dia-1, corresponding to a treatment area of 2 m2 per inhabitant. A year after the system implementation, during the period of 6 months, sewer samples were collected after passing through the flux sequences, each one with the combination of the two vegetal species, for the evaluation of the sewer attributes and calculation of the efficiency in the treatment. The results were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS program), being used the tests F and the Tukey Kramer, considering 5% of probability. There were no meaningful differences in the efficiency of the treatments in the removal of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorides, hardness, dissolved total solids and volatile total solids. The cattail was more efficient in the apparent color removal and turbidity. The reed presented more efficiency in the total solids removal. The position of the plant in the module sequence did not influence the apparent color and turbidity removals. The reed in the final module increased the removal of the attributes total solids and fixed total solids. It´s possible to verify that the technology of sewer treatment by using plants is efficient, since the species cattail and reed in the adopted system, provided results with removals higher 60% for the of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms and turbidity.Item Análise tridimensional de estabilidade de talude utilizando o método de equilíbrio limite aperfeiçoado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-29) ADRIANO, Pedro Rogério Ribeiro; GITIRANA JUNIOR, Gilson de Farias Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4710728908810849The main objective of this research is to investigate a three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis technique using the enhanced limit equilibrium method. The other objectives are to evaluate the practical applicability of the 3D analysis method, to interpret the physical significance of 3D stress states to the stability of a slope, and to determine the relationship between two-dimensional and three-dimensional factors of safety. For that, a computer program called SAFE3D was developed. The computer program is used to calculate the three-dimensional factor of safety (FS3D) for pre-established slip surfaces with spherical or ellipsoidal shape. The computer program is based on the two-dimensional analysis method proposed by Kulhawy, combined with an extension of this theory to 3D conditions that is proposed herein. The method developed consists in determining the in-situ stress fields by means of an elastic 3D stress-strain analysis using the finite element method. The 3D stress fields are then used to calculate the normal and shear stresses along any pre-determined slip surface and to determine the value of FS3D. Two slope stability problems widely studied by other researchers were analyzed in order to validate the program SAFE3D. The first problem corresponds to a symmetric cohesive slope and the second problem corresponds to a non-symmetric slope with cohesion and friction. Excellent results were obtained, suggesting that the program SAFE3D is efficient, stable, and robust for the problems studied. The values of FS3D obtained herein are similar to the values presented by other authors using distinct methods of analysis. A parametric study was carried out considering the shape of the slip surface and the shape of the face of the slope, including concave and convex slopes. The results indicate that the values of FS3D are always higher than the two-dimensional factor of safety (FS2D) of the intermediate surface. The value of FS3D decreased for slip surfaces extended across the sliding direction and approached the value of FS2D. It was determined that the Poisson's ratio has an important influence on the FS3D. The value of FS3D increases with the increase of Poisson's ratio. This influence varies with the geometry of the problem and the treatment given to the cinematically inadmissible shear stresses. Finally, a 3D analysis of the historic case of Lodalen is presented. The results indicate that the FS3D at the time of the slide is slightly higher and approaches 1 if the less favorable shear strength parameters determined by previous studies are used. In this case, the values obtained for FS2D are considerably smaller than 1, thereby indicating the potential superiority of the 3D approach.Item Bacia hidrográfica do córrego granada – Aparecida de Goiânia – GO: os processos erosivos e a dinâmica espacial urbana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-29) Aguiar, Vinicius Gomes de; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188184635964559; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; Sales, Maurício Martines; Guimarães, Renato FontesThe basin of the Granada stream, with approximately 15 km2, is placed in the central part of the Aparecida de Goiânia - GO, located in the region metropolitan of Goiânia, to the south of the Goiânia. This basin limits for the coordinates east 682,000 and 688,000, and 8.145.000 north 8.139.000m and, MC -51º, South hemisphere. Aparecida it presents a confusion growth, intensified from 1970, configuring a big horizontal urbanization, with demographic empty in the interior of the city. The ambient impacts in the city if had evidenced in the measure that the city if to expand on the deep ones of existing valleys, as in the case of the near occupations to the Granada stream. All these not calculated uses of lands in the basin, that is, without looking for to establish tools and methodologies of conservation, come back toward the ambient-urban planning, had induced negatives occurrence of the ambient impacts and partner-economic, mainly the deflagration and the acceleration of erosive processes, generally in direction to the courses of the rivers, as it is the case of the soil erosions that leave the vulnerable inhabitants the catastrophic accidents. Soon, to attain the central objective of this research, that to be understand as the urban space dynamics speeds up or to give rise to, start the erosive processes in the basin of the Granada stream, had been elaborated map of declivity, soil in-situ, occupation of lands and bending of the sources, from digital modeling of fine altimetric data with survey of field by means of topographical receiver GPS and images of satellite of diverse sensors. The study area is characterized for the ground predominance of the type Ustox soils, that had been classified how much its erodibilidade, by means of the laboratorial assay Inderbitzen, adapted in the scope of this research. With the assay it was possible to determine the loss of ground soil, for the action of the superficial draining in indeformados bodies of test. Although low the declivity of the land, the basin of Granada possess almost rectilinear, associates the deep and fragile ground, what it more than induced the to be published 30 erosions.Item Análise experimental de vigas constituídas de perfis formados a frio com emendas soldadas submetidas à flexão simples(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-23) ALMEIDA, Ariovaldo Fernandes de; GOMES, Orlando Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244852416821211The cold-formed steel sheets have been sufficiently used when it is thought of manufacturing a metallic structure with reduced weight. Its use until some time ago in construction was limited to the secondary structures, but, with considerable growth in research involving this type of material together with development of technical standards, made its use a good solution for certain types of light structures. The present work presents considerations on cold-formed steel sheets, the patened steel, processes of welding and the result of experimental tests with beams with composed section of two profiles U constituted with cold-formed steel sheets, manufactured with two types of patened steel produced in Brazil. In some of these beams, welded sections with coated electrode had been used and were made the comparison with the reference beam, where it was possible to study the influence of the process of welding in the ultimate resistance and the ductility of the beam.Item Erodibilidade de solos tropicais não saturados nos municípios de Senador Canedo e Bonfinópolis - GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-09-26) Almeida, João Guilherme Rassi; Mascarenha, Márcia Maria dos Anjos; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188184635964559; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; Sales, Maurício Martines; Carvalho, José Camapum deEnvironment, socials and economics problems are related with erosive process, like: loss of soil productivity, silting of rivers and lakes, landslides in areas of risk and commitment of public services. Aspects such as climate, topography, soil type and the use and occupation of land by humans are decisive in understanding the susceptibility of a site to water erosion. However, in the case of tropical regions, two aspects have relative importance in studies erodibility: non saturation and weathering degree. In this way, the present study aims to analyze the suction effect and laterization degree in erodibility soil, emphasizing important parameters for carried out erodibility tests. Therefore, were selected two (02) areas near the city of Goiânia with distinct pedogenetic characteristics, one with younger soils (or even intermediate, as observed during the study) and another where weathering processes acted more intense, corresponding to a Cambisol soil type and a Oxisol type, respectively. In each site were collected disturbed and undisturbed samples with the aim to perform characterization tests, tropical soils tests, soil water retention curves and erodibility tests. On results were noted that both samples are a lateritic soils, presenting even primary minerals and iron oxides. The adjusting of soil water retention curves results on a bimodal shape for the Oxisol type due to the presence of micro and macropores, and with heterogeneous distribution shape for Cambisol Type, due the presence of grains on different sizes. At finally, the analysis of erosion, in general, results that the samples with lower initial suctions were more resistance to laminar erosions and in the processes of slope stability when submerged. On the Inderbitzen tests, the Oxisol showed be more susceptible to the erosive processes than the Cambisol type, probably because of the lower flow of the water. In the total and partial disintegration test, the samples of Oxisol demonstrate to be a good cohesive soil, opposite behavior have the Cambisol samples.Item Contribuição ao estudo da durabilidade e do transporte de fluidos em concretos contendo adições minerais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-21) Almeida, Marina Augusta Malagoni de; Carasek, Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3023241186996790; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Amaral, Tatiana Gondim do; Lopes, Anne Neiry de MendonçaBrazil's current water crisis, generated by the low level of reservoirs, has threatened the national energy production. Faced with this problem, the wind towers present themselves as a viable solution. It is known that these towers are constructed in regions of high aggressiveness and therefore, it is necessary to develop high performance concretes that are able to withstand environmental action to which they are submitted, so that these structures reach the lifespan previously defined in project, ensuring the viability of the towers. In this sense, the present study evaluates the mass transport mechanisms (permeability and absorption) that takes place inside the concrete containing mineral pozzolanic admixtures of high performance, in order to evaluate the influence of the presence of these additions in these properties. Three different study mixes were prepared containing, respectively, 9% of silica fume in composition with 1% of nanossílica, 5% of a metakaolin with high fineness in composition with 5% of a metakaolin slightly less fine, both with high pozzolanic activity, a mix containing only 10% of the metakaolin with higher fineness, and a reference proportioning. The analysis presented in this work involve the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to characterize the internal structure of the material, the trace reconstruction test to analyze the aggregate/binder ratio in the regions of the cover and the interior of concrete, and the analyzes related to the mass transport: water absorption by immersion and capillarity and the air permeability obtained by the Figg’s method, in addition to the mechanical characterization. The concrete with addition of pozzolanic admixtures showed significant improvements in compressive strength, in the modulus of elasticity, in the air permeability and in the refinement of pores. Furthermore, the evaluation of the microstructure by scanning electron microscope showed that the use of mineral admixtures may cause an improvement in the adhesion and in the densification of the transition zone between aggregate and cement paste. The trace reconstitution test showed that the concrete cover has lower ratio aggregate/binder, which corroborates the results of the capillary absorption test in which it was found that the cover of concrete presents a mean capillarity absorption lower than the interior region. Thus, it was concluded that the incorporation of the different mineral admixtures studied in this work significantly alter the properties of concrete, with positive emphasis on the properties related to the durability, in which the benefits of using mineral admixtures is more pronounced and, in addition, it was also concluded that the concrete cover presents itself more favorable to the durability than the interior region.Item Estudo da propriedade resistência superficial em revestimentos de argamassa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-20) ALVES, Amália Silva; CASCUDO, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; CARASEK, Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3023241186996790The lack of cohesion in mortar renderings corresponds to the loss of mechanical strength among theirs layers due to the weakening of particles bond, a fact which is reflected, among other events, by a low surface resistance of these renderings. Thus, poor surface strength of mortar renderings accelerates their degradation process, leading to a significant reduction in the level of their performance and leading to failures in the functions assigned to them. In this context, this basically experimental research aimed to study the property of surface strength in mortar renderings. So, was investigated the applicability of some test techniques, pendulum hammer, dynamometer traction and ultrasounds (by indirect method) to evaluate surface characteristics of the mortar renderings. In addition, were also evaluated the effects of moisture absorbed by the renderings, the influences of composition, air entrained content and application way in the surface strength of the mortar renderings. In this study, the experimental program was divided into two stages. In the first stage, were used: one mortar mixed (cement: lime: sand) and one industrial mortar (with air entrained content equal 20%) applied in one type of substrate (concrete surface - standard substrate ABCP) by compressed air projection, so that their produced coverings were tested under different conditions of moisture (oven-dry, dry environment, wet and saturated). In the second stage, were used: one mortar mixed (cement: lime: sand) and three industrial mortars (with air entrained content equal 20%, 30% and 40%) applied to the substrate standard in three ways (manually, by means fall box and by compressed air projection). Using statistical criteria, the main results have shown a significant effect of the four mentioned factors on the surface strength, in view of the testing techniques used. However, only showed no significant the effect of moisture in the hardness index.Item Avaliação da remoção de bisfenol-a por adsorção em carvão ativado produzido da borra de café(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-26) Alves, Andreia Cristina Fonseca; Oliveira, Sérgio Botelho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447406257464639; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Ostroski, Indianara Conceição; Gil, Eric de SouzaBisphenol-A (BPA) is an emerging pollutant potentially capable of interfering with the endocrine system of living things. Employed mainly in the industry, in the production of resins, packaging and polycarbonate monomers, its main sources in the environment are effluent discharges. Since the conventional treatment systems used in Brazil can’t remove a series of pollutants, the use of activated carbon is one of the alternatives fairly used for this purpose. Its production from alternative materials is becoming more and more frequent, as agroindustrial wastes, object of numerous studies of the production of activated carbon. The coffee grounds are one of these residues that has been used generating good carbonaceous adsorbents. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the activated carbon produced from the coffee grounds, in the adsorption of BPA in aqueous medium. Water vapor (CAH), KOH (CAK), K2CO3 (CAKC) and ZnCl2 (CAZn) were used as the activating agente characterized by analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), N2 adsorption and desorption, elemental composition (CHNS-O) and determination of zero charge potential. For the selection of the best coal, a preliminary adsorption test was carried out with the adsorbents produced, with the coffee grounds and a commercial coal for comparative purposes. The effect of the initial pH of the solution was also evaluated. The kinetic adsorption studies at the concentrations of 5, 20 and 30 mg/L of BPA were adjusted to the pseudo-firstorder and pseudo-second order models. The nature of the process was studied by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Among the developed coals, the CAK and CAKC presented low production yield and were not submitted to the adsorption tests. The CHNS-O, XRD, FTIR and N2 adsorption/desorption analyzes of CAH and CAZn generated results close to those reported in the literature. In terms of specific surface area, the CAH proved to be out of the expected. The CAZn had an area of 1,038.51 m²/g. Of the materials tested, the CAH didn’t present adsorptive capacity, while the CAZn was the one with the best performance, with little variation in efficiency when the pH of the medium changed. The use of coffee grounds as bioadsorbent wasn’t promising, being 86 percentage points below the efficiency of CAZn. Adsorption kinetics revealed a relatively slow process at the concentrations studied, reaching equilibrium after 720 minutes. The kinetic data for the three systems presented a fractional order close to 2, thus indicating a better fit for the pseudo-second order model. The equilibrium data were better adjusted to the Langmuir model, assuming that the CAZn has a homogeneous surface with adsorption occurring in monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity of BPA according to the same model was 123.22 mg/g. The results showed that CAZn can be considered a promising promoter in the removal of BPA, indicating coffee grounds as an alternative raw material for the production of activated carbon with the potential to remove emerging pollutants such as BPA in water.Item Uma nova metodologia de extrapolação dos dados da prova de carga dinâmica: MES-CASE(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) ALVES, éder Chaveiro; SALES, Maurício Martines; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033708685029423; VIANA, Paulo Márcio Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4545240150317474Since 1983, when the experiment of dynamic load has been plunged in Brazil, the execution of this kind of experiment has become a common practice in foundation sites on precast inserted piles. In many cases the experiment of dynamic load doesn t mobilize the ultimate strength of the tested pile; the causes of these events may be due to: the available equipment at the site isn t capable of obtaining enough kinetic energy to mobilize the ultimate strength; the structural element presents ruptures; the client desire of not mobilizing all the ultimate strength; among others. Knowing the necessity of determining the ultimate strength in order to adapt the construction to the security factors required by NBR 6122/1996, this essay pursuits developing a methodology of extrapolation of the curve of mobilized static resistance versus the maximum displacement obtained through the dynamic load proof (dynamic load experiment of crescent energy), applying the Simplified Method CASE, to inserted precast piles. Studying 21 (twenty-one) proofs of dynamic load (PDL), an extrapolation methodology has been developed entitled as Simplified Extrapolation Methodology of CASE Method (SEM-CASE). The methodology is based on the criteria of complementary energy, presented by Aoki in 1997. The results have demonstrated that the method SEM-CASE has presented itself as easy manipulation. The estimated values of ultimate complementary strength calculated by the SEM-CASE has presented pretty close to the measured values, existing only one pile which presented a value error bigger than 10%. The estimated values of ultimate pile strength, obtained by the SEM-CASE, showed themselves similar to the measured values, also having a value error inferior to 10%. The exponential function has obtained better results of adjustment coefficient (R2) related to the points of the curve of mobilized static resistance versus the maximum displacement measured in the dynamic load proof. Besides, applying model selection criteria was obtained that the exponential function is more efficient to estimate the curve of mobilized static resistance versus the maximum displacement than the hyperbolic and parabolic functions.Item Levantamento das manifestações patológicas em fundações e estruturas nas edificações, com até dez anos de idade, executadas no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-27) ALVES, Jader Rodrigues; GEYER, André Bortolacci; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0135796530510700The main objective of this research is to proceed to the rising of the indexes, to identify the pathologies and to characterize the constructions that presented occurrences of pathological manifestations in foundations and structures in the constructions executed in the State of Goiás, with age of up to ten years. The researches was classified as documental, considering that, to make possible the accomplishment of the same, the files of Regional Council of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy of Goiás were analyzed -Crea/GO, with a total sample of 545 reports. It was observed that most of the processes are concerning the last seven years. This Organ was chosen by the fact that all of the technical documents are elaborated by professionals, and, mainly, for Official Organ to be considered. The Method of the Incidence was adopted as methodology recommended for this study observing that in the reports and decisions, elaborated by Crea-GO doesn't be in the number of occurrences of a same pathology and yes only the incidence of the same. The main conclusions of this research were: the main pathological manifestation was found in the foundations repression with a rate of 37.50% followed by collapse with a rate of 22.50%, both in relation to all the pathologies found in the foundation stage, the main pathological manifestation found in stage structure were the cracks with an index of 32.14% compared to all the pathologies found in stage design, regardless of the number executed and the second structural pathological manifestation found in step structure was the structural deformation with an index 19.84% as compared to all the pathologies found in stage design, regardless of the structural piece performed, the building of single-family residential use were the same who had diseases with a rate of 47.50%, followed by residential conference with 35 %, 77.50% of the buildings showed that diseases were carried out by private tutors and, for the buildings surveyed 40% had impairment evaluation of use of buildings facing the diseases occurred in moderate severity, and the rate for high severity was 5%. The disease occurred in low gravity, 45%, most pathological manifestations of both the foundation and structure, occurred in the first year of age of the building. 52.17% in the foundation and concrete structure in 40% of the buildings surveyed, 35% caused damage to neighboring buildings, and 53.49% of this damage occurred within the first year after completion of the work, and the buildings with an area of 5001 m² to 10,000 m² which caused the highest percentage of damage, and the recklessness and incompetence were more technical errors committed by professionals with rates of 32.50% each, followed by neglect of index 22.50 %.Item Estudo do fosfogesso tratado termicamente e de suas misturas com solo tropical(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-31) Alves, Kárita Christina Soares Kanaiama; Rezende, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; Mascarenha, Marcia Maria dos Anjos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5184066802578105; Mascarenha, Marcia Maria dos Anjos; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Thomé, AntônioThe phosphogypsum is a by-product of process for producing phosphoric acid in the phosphate fertilizers industries and its most common chemical composition is the same as gypsum (calcium sulphate dehydrate). Due to the large amounts produced daily studies are needed to enable its use. As research results, the phosphogypsum is already used in paving, as raw material blocks and boards, in cement industries, in sulphur recovery and sulphuric acid production, and is passed unprocessed to the agricultural sector. In this context, the main objective of this work was the study of phosphogypsum subjected to heat treated (TT) in mixtures with tropical soil in order to enable and expand its use in geotechnical works. To that end, it made the thermal treatment of phosphogypsum, which promotes its dehydration. For definition of mixtures were carried out Atterberg limits, compaction and expansion tests in samples containing soil, phosphogypsum TT and cement. The choice was made so that if using the highest percentage of phosphogypsum TT, since the samples having greater or equal to 7 plasticity index and expansion less than 0.5%. From this mixture, four mixtures were defined with tropical soil, phosphogypsum TT or dihydrate (DH), with or without cement. Miniature compaction tests were carried out with wet curing times of 5min, 25min and 2h so check their influence on compaction parameters of mixtures. In the analysis of hydromechanical behaviour, were carried out expansion testing, mini-CBR, expansability, simple compression test, slaking test and permeability test. To complement the analysis, scanning electron microscopy images were made, as also energy dispersive spectroscopy and testing of X-ray diffraction. For the reactions of phosphogypsum TT in the presence of water, the study of its rehydration was conducted and analysed the implications in its hydromechanical behavior. From the results it was observed that occurs the formation of hemihydrate and anhydrous gypsum by thermal treatment, and the formation of hemihydrate occurs from 110°C. The dry unit weight of mixtures with phosphogypsum TT decreases with increase of wet cure time, which is related to the growth of gypsum crystals during the rehydration process. The hydro-mechanical behavior of the mixtures containing phosphogypsum TT is better than those with DH phosphogypsum, and although rehydration occurs, the resistance of these mixtures are still higher than for mixtures containing phosphogypsum DH not subject to saturation. The mixture of soil and phosphogypsum TT showed high resistance, even after being subjected to saturation, which suggests that the cement used is unnecessary.Item Influência do ambiente no processo de produção de projetos arquitetônicos sustentáveis: Estudos de caso de habitação unifamiliar em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-30) ALVES, Rodrigo Santana; FIGUEIREDO, Enio José Pazini; lattes.cnpq.br/4075543806767323The principal aim of the present work is to understand the theoretical and methodological basis of the project design and discuss the process that generates the sustainable architecture, with a focus in the environmental factors. We discuss the introduction of the concept of sustainable architecture in the process of the generation of the architecture projects. First of all, we present in this thesis, the concepts of development and sustainable architecture, understanding these concepts for the process of the architecture project creation. In this study, we also give a brief historical review about the introduction of the environmental concepts for the architecture and the budding art technology related to environmental efficiency. The quantitative research was done based in interviews with a group of architects and in the analysis of four projects correlated with the data obtained from the research and the technical data from the bibliography. The interviews and the projects describe the architect toughs and actions, with the considerations of the professional practice.Item Avaliação das características de diferentes metacaulins e sua influência na estrutura interna do concreto e em propriedades ligadas à durabilidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-25) Alves, Rodrigo Teodoro; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Carasek, Helena; Ribeiro, Daniel VérasCementitious materials have been used since antiquity. The development of silica fume as a pozzolana has afforded significant improvements to concrete technology. Now, new high performance mineral admixtures have come to light, such as highly-reactive metakaolin. This material has presented great results, trough more than a decade, in researches made by the group of study of concrete durability of UFG. The fact of metakaolin concretes shows great performance towards durability and mechanical strength is controversial, once the silica content is about 55%, which, theoretically, would result in a smaller volume of C-S-H, from the pozzolanic reaction. However, as it is a very fine material, its physical effect in concrete seems to be more prominent, besides, the alumina that there is in metakaolin also produces interesting hydrated compounds. This way, the goal of the present work is to evaluate the changes in the microstructure of concrete using three types of metakaolin, manufactured by the same company. The main differences between than is their fineness. The specific surface area, measured by BET method, varied from about 8 000 m²/kg to 31 000 m²/kg. Moreover, one of them – the coarser one – differs from the other because it has a high chemical and mineralogical purity. In order to have a better understanding of the properties of the three types of metakaolin, a wide characterization of the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of this mineral admixtures were carried out. Concrete mixtures were than prepared for the purpose of knowing the influence of the characteristics of the metakaolins in the mechanical and durability related properties and microstructure of the concrete. Metakaolin concretes studied in this work showed significant improvement in mechanical strength, total porosity, pore refinement, electrical resistivity and non-steady state chloride migration. The evaluation of concrete microstructure shows that metakaolin promoted a densification of interfacial transition zone between the paste matrix and aggregate. Furthermore, there are indications suggesting that in metakaolin concrete can occur the formation of Friedel’s salt. Thus, it follows that the addition of the three different types of metakaolin had significantly changed the properties of concrete, with positive highlight for the properties associated to concrete durability, in which the benefits of the mineral admixtures were more pronounced.Item Análise dinâmica não-linear de uma membrana hiperelástica esférica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-05) Amaral, Pedro Felipe Tavares do; Silva, Frederico Martins Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929132527197884; Soares, Renata Machado; Soares, Renata Machado; Prado, Zenón José Guzmán Nunez del; Gavassoni Neto, ElvídioIn the present work, studies about the nonlinear static and dynamic behavior of a spherical membrane are presented. This membrane is composed by a hyperelastic, incompressible homogeneous and isotropic material, which is defined by either of the two distinct constitutive models: Mooney-Rivlin or the Neo-Hookean model. The equilibrium equations are obtained from the large-strain theory, by utilizing a variational formulation and by subjecting the membrane to an uniformly distributed internal radial pressure differential. From the nonlinear static analysis, internal membrane tensions and strains are obtained. From the dynamic analysis, the frequency-amplitude relation, the linear stability analysis, the time response, bifurcation diagrams, resonance curves and basins of attraction are obtained. As a first step, there is an analysis on a membrane composed by the same experimental material, which is described by the two different constitutive models presented in this work. It is observed that the dynamic responses are considerably distinct, due to the difference between the geometrical nonlinearities that each constitutive model insert on the equilibrium equation. The Neo-Hookean model has a lower pre-stretching limit, and its attraction basins are more eroded and irregular than the Mooney-Rivlin, that is still stable on regions of larger vibration amplitudes. Then, the influence of the Mooney-Rivlin parameter (α) is evaluated, and it is found that this parameter is the main source of the differences between the constitutive models, modifying the stability, nonlinear vibrations and also influencing on the loss or gain of the global rigidity of the membrane.Item Estudo do comportamento mecânico de microestruturas de materiais compósitos com matriz metálica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-07-28) Andrade, Paula Viana Queiroz; Pituba, José Júlio de Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6503462610408968; Martins, Carlos Humberto; Pituba, José Júlio de Cerqueira; Soares, Renata MachadoThis work deals with analysis of the microstructures composed of metal matrix composites (MMC) and its application in Structural Engineering. The main goal of this essay is considered the potentialities and limitations when using the modeling activity suggested. For this, it is intended to consider the dissipative processes of plastification, occurring in the matrix, and phase debonding, that occurs in the matrix/inclusion interface region, where the influence of such processes on the macroscopic response of the material will be investigated. Initially, the applicability of this material in the various Engineering areas is described. For the numerical simulations of the MMC structural behavior, the von Mises model is used in the modeling of the matrix and a cohesive fracture model is used in the simulation of the phase debonding process. Inclusion is considered elastic with great rigidity. However, the dissipative processes that occur in the microstructure and that affect the macro mechanical behavior of the material are analyzed through a microscale modeling using a homogenization process based on the concept of Representative Volume Element (RVE) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The strain and deformation are volumetric means of the respective microscopic fields on the EVR. The general objective is to verify through numerical analysis the potentialities and limitations of the use of the proposed modeling for future applications of metallic matrix composites in engineering, which shows a good representativeness of the mechanical behavior of the CMM.Item Estudo em escala real da disposição de resíduo de decantador de ETA em lagoa de estabilização de esgoto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-29) Angelim, Susane Campos Mota; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; Albuquerque, Antônio João CarvalhoIn Brazil water treatment plants (WTP) residuals are usually discharged into waterways, with negative impacts on water quality, aquatic biota and sediments, which may also pose risks to human health. This paper presents a study on real scale disposal of aluminum sludge from the settling of a WTP in a primary facultative pond, both located in Piracanjuba-GO, wishing to contribute as an alternative for residuals management. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of WTP residuals (WTPR) in the performance of the wastewater stabilization pond (WSP), in terms of quality of the effluent and volume of bottom sludge accumulated. Worked up in two identical parallel ponds, one in which WTPR was applied (test pond) and another without application (control pond) to serve as comparison of results. The study was carried out in two stages, with dosage of 37 mg TS/L in Phase 1 and 44 mg TS/L in Phase 2, totaling 125 days of application and 191 days of monitoring. It was evaluated several effluent parameters such as BOD, solids, nitrogen, total phosphorus, Escherichia coli, metals, among others. Sludge volumes in the ponds were obtained from bathymetric survey using a sludge depth meter (sludge gun) and modeling by Surfer 8.0 software. The addition of the WTPR did not impair the performance of the test pond, with minimal reduction of BOD and nitrogen. It was not possible to identify any influence of WTPR for the removal of total phosphorus of the sewage, which was attributed to high pH and low dosage. There was no statistical difference (95% confidence level) between the means of 15 parameters evaluated in two phases, except for nitrogen ammonia. There was no difference between the increases of sludge volume accumulated in the bottom of the ponds, although total solids content was higher in the test pond. This behavior was associated with particle size characteristics of the material. The study indicates technical feasibility of WTP residuals disposal in the WSP studied, revealing an alternative for its management that can also be applied in other same type systems if evaluated the specific conditions in each case.Item Avaliação das infraestruturas cicloviárias implantadas no corredor universitário em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-13) Antunes, Luiza Lemos; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Carasek, Helena; Paiva, Mariana deThe bicycle is a vehicle used extensively in Brazil and comes as a transport option to mitigate the impacts caused by the indiscriminate use of individual motorized transport. However, despite the use of bicycles in Brazil has a century of history, the lack of an effective cycling policy translates the main factor limiting the insertion of the bicycle as a mode of transport. The cycle planning must act comprehensively where all variables such as geometry, materials and execution should be considered jointly. Thus, this study aimed to conduct an analysis of the performance and the cycle system service conditions implanted in Goiania in conjunction the preferred range stretch of public transport, named Corredor Universitário. The study has also brought a survey of pathological problems and occurrence of nonconformities, associated with the project design stages, material specifications and implementation. Supported by requirements established for cycle planning and by technical standards, design aspects and used technologies were evaluated, such as materials and implementation process, in order to diagnose the system's deficiencies. To assess cycle pavement, in the absence of a specific methodology, we used an adapted method for evaluation and conceptualization of road pavements, by means of the calculation of Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Several flaws were identified in the implanted cycle system. Among the main ones are: the inadequacy of the signage of cycle paths, drainage problems, lighting of bike lanes way compromised by the lack of maintenance, damaged street furniture, lack of bike parking and severe paving problems. Several factors such as the absence of a paving design and the lack of a technological control of concrete influenced the pavement performance of cycle paths, which, with only 3 years of service, have exhibited numerous pathologies. Thus, the analyzed sections were characterized Good the Bad as concepts presented by the adopted method. Therefore, problems diagnosed in the cycle system of Corredor Universitário are due to a variety of factors, ranging from the stage of design planning and conception, as well as the deficiency or absence of the executive design and the low quality control of all execution process.Item Avaliação da qualidade da água e do sedimento no reservatório de abastecimento público do ribeirão João Leite-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-08-25) Arantes, Andréia Gomes dos Santos; Hoffmann, Nora Katia Saavedra del Aguila; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4709330Z7; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; Carrijo, Ivaltemir BarrosThe reservoir João Leite is located upstream of the city of Goiânia (Goiás-Brazil), and has as its sole objective the public water supply to the city of Goiânia and conurbated areas. In view of the constant deterioration of the water resources along the drainage basin, it is necessary to include the sediment quality assessment in order to complement the environmental monitoring protocols. The objective of this research was to evaluate the water and sediment quality of the João Leite reservoir in the rainy season and in the dry season, with the purpose of assisting in the process of water purification that will be distributed to the population, together with other processes operation and maintenance of a water treatment plant. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sampling points during rainy and dry periods during the year 2016. In the sediments were determined grain size, pH, CTC, organic matter, oxygen consumed, total nitrogen, macronutrients, micronutrients and pesticides. The pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen were determined on the surface, medium and bottom, and the concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, total phosphorus, TOC and pesticides. Also, acute toxicity tests were performed with lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) for the sediment samples. Concentrations of atrazine, ranging from 0.166 to 0.304 μg.L-1 and from trifluralin (0.200 μg.L-1) were identified in the water samples collected during the dry season. All values found remained within the maximum values allowed by Conama Resolution 357/2005 for Class 2 fresh waters. High concentrations of total iron (190.7 and 196.5 mg.kg-1 in drought and of manganese (159.7 and 177.2 mg.kg-1 in drought and from 163 to 179.5 mg.kg-1 in the rainy season), which may alter the characteristics of water during events of destratification. The acute toxicity tests indicated that, with the bottom sediments of the João Leite reservoir sampled in the regions closest to the bus (P2 and P3), the seeds presented reduced growth, both the root and the hypocotyl. However, the presence of toxic substances has not been identified in the analysis of pesticides capable of causing harmful effects.Item Análise da interação solo-estrutura em edifícios sobre estacas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-29) ARAÚJO, Adrianne Carvalho de; SALES, Maurício Martines; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033708685029423; PRADO, Ademir Aparecido do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4118518363912053The joined structure-foundation analysis of buildings is one of the studied themes of Soil- Structure Interaction (SSI). In this research, a numerical tool was developed using the Matlab program to evaluate the soil-structure interaction in buildings, where the problem has been studied in the last years, but has not became a current practice in civil engineering. The developed program, here named as AIEFE, predict the settlement using the Aoki and Lopes (1975) method, using as input data the reaction loads of building columns, calculated in any subroutine of spatial-portico analysis. The commercial program TQS was chosen as this subroutine in the present research. The found foundation settlements were converted in stiffness values and, then, inputted again in the structural analysis, predicting new settlements, but no more considering the foundations as fixed points . The method is iterative, aiming to reach the settlement (or load) convergence. Two examples of buildings supported by piled foundations were analyzed. The first one presented an almost square plant and the other one was typically rectangular. The SSI effects were analyzed in terms of column loads and also stiffness and foundations settlements during the constructive process of the 15-levels studied cases. During the construction of the first building levels, it was observed a greater load and settlement redistribution, due the lower structural stiffness. Using the foundation stiffness instead of settlement values was considered as an efficient process of convergence. It was also observed that the non-linear foundation behavior had a great influence in the structure load redistribution, even on advanced construction stages when the structure stiffness has a great value.Item Análise do Desempenho de poços de infiltração na cidade de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-31) ARAUJO, Alexandre Garces de; SALES, Maurício Martines; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033708685029423; GITIRANA JUNIOR, Gilson de Farias Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4710728908810849This paper presents the performance study of infiltration pits. Two experimental fields were selected for evaluation of the pits, one studied by Carvalho (2008) and the other deployed in this work. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the sensitivity of the performance of the infiltration pit before the variability of soil properties. Three performance parameters were considered: time of infiltration 50%, 70% 85% the volume of water in the well. The variability of the properties was made with the use of possible values obtained by the coefficient of variation of each property evaluated. In the experimental field deployed in this study were collected undisturbed samples to perform laboratory tests such as characterization, consolidation test method, soil-water characteristic curve, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The SWCC showed the presence of macro structure and its format as bimodal. The saturated hydraulic conductivity showed that the soil behavior is governed by the macro structure, this resulted in hydraulic conductivity value close to the sandy. The hydraulic conductivity test was performed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul using the permeameter developed by Feuerharmel (2007). The function of hydraulic conductivity obtained was compared with Brooks & Corey (1964) prediction method showing good results to the first baseline of SWCC. An automated method was developed for monitoring the variation of the water column in the well during infiltration. The method was based on the use of pressure sensors and a data acquisition system, comparing this method with using a conventional tape measure showed good results. Numerical analysis showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity is the property that most influence on the performance of the structures of infiltration differences were not observed in the analysis considering different depth of groundwater level.