Doutorado em Ciência Animal (EVZ)
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Navegando Doutorado em Ciência Animal (EVZ) por Por Orientador "Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira"
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Item Triagem de plantas do cerrado e pantanal sul- matogrossense e ação do 3-o-tigloilmelianol isolado de guarea kunthiana (meliaceae) sobre rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-30) Barbosa, Carolina da Silva; Louly, Carla Cristina Braz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6916213086136790; Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723881044959716; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591106734434348; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; Chagas, Ana Carolina de Souza; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; Fernandes, Everton Kort Kamp; Silva, Andréa Caetano daDairy and beef cattle farming are vital pillars of the Brazilian economy. Among the threats to this activity are ectoparasites, most notably the cattle tick R. microplus (Ixodidae), which has acquired resistance to synthetic acaricides. Plants from Brazil’s Cerrado biome and from the South Matto Grosso Pantanal have been the object of biomonitoring studies in insects, and some have shown activity. The present research aimed to carry out triage for 73 ethanolic extracts, from 24 families and 44 plant species from these biomes, and to evaluate the effect of the compound 3-O-tigloilmelianol isolated from Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae) on R.microplus. In the triage, the extracts were tested at 0.20% in vitro, on engorged R.microplus females. Following the index of efficacy, extracts from the fruit of G. kunthiana (Meliaceae) (99.08%), stem of Nymphaea amazonum (Nymphaeaceae) (51.67%), leaves of Strychnos pseudoquina (Loganiaceae) (48.02%) and stem of Ocotea lancifolia (Lauraceae) (34.52%) were selected. To understand alterations in the ovaries caused by 3-O-tigloilmelianol, three groups of 24 specimens were used, including controls and those treated with the substance at 0.01% in immersion test for five minutes, which were then dried and placed in BOD at 27oC with 90% UR. After 24, 48 or 72 h each group was dissected and the ovaries were placed in Eppendorfs containing buffer solution for 24 h, then embedded in historesin, cut to a thickness of 2 μm, placed on glass sides, stained with toluidine blue and observed under microscope. In the biometrical analysis a significant reduction (50%) was noted in the gonadosomatic index in the samples after 48 and 72hs after exposure, compared to the control. There was a significant reduction (22 to 60%) in the number of oocytes I, IV and V in the treatment groups after 24 and 72h of exposure in relation to the control. Oocytes II were not reduced, and oocytes III were reduced only at 24 h of exposure. The greatest diameters of cytoplasm and nuclei of oocytes I were reduced at 72 h of exposure, and for the lowest diameter of the cytoplasm the reduction was seen at 24 h of exposure. In oocytes II only the greatest diameter of the nucleus was reduced in the group immersed for 24 h. Oocytes III and V showed no alteration in diameter and those from phase IV showed a reduction in the greatest diameter of the cytoplasm. The 3-O-tigloilmelianol was tested on the larvae at 0.01 to 0.00125% using the ‘sandwich’ test with about 300 examples 15 to 21 days after hatching. Mortality was evaluated after 24, 72 and 168 h, but without any action being recorded. The 3-O-tigloilmelianol was tested on the metalarvae and metanymphs, using the immersion test, using 100 examples per concentration between treatments and controls. The ecdyses were recorded ten times. It was noted that there was 60% reduction in ecdysis in metalarvae and 20% in metanymphs at the highest concentration. The results of this research showed that these plants from the Cerrado and the Pantanal are promising in the triage study. The discovery of the action of the protolimonoid 3-O-tigloilmelianol isolated from G. kunthiana on the reproductive cycle of R.microplus justifies its prospection as a possible alternative in the control of this tick.Item Amblyomma sculptum: identificação de alomônio em hospedeiro resistente (equus asinus) e olfatometria para candidatos à semioquímicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-21) Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Fernandes, Éverton Kort Kamp; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707291J3; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723297J0; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; Louly, Carla Cristina Braz; Szabó, Matias Pablo Juan; Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliceira; Cotta, Viviane Rodrigues ZeringótaAmblyomma sculptum is a tick that has medical-veterinary importance and parasites a variety of hosts like capybaras, horses and humans. The tick control is a challenge due the disadvantages caused by conventional control so an alternative is desirable. Semiochemicals are potencial tools to be used once they modulate tick behavior and the use of pheromones, kairomones as well as the use of non-host species (allomones) to control ticks has already been demonstrated. Some semiochemicals have already been described in the literature that could act in A. sculptum behavior. It is also known that donkeys (Equus asinus) are more resistant to the parasitism of this tick specie than horses (Equus caballus). For this, four concentrations (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25%) of 15 semiochemical candidates (CO2 only at 5%, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, nonanoic acid, nonanal, salicylic acid, 2.6 diclorophenol, R-limonene, S-limonene, methyl salicylate, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, isobutyric acid and lactic acid) were tested in non fed A. sculptum nymphs and adults using a Y-tube olfactometer. And here we investigated if donkeys could produce compounds that can act as repellent to A. sculptum. The CO2 was attractive to all stages tested. Nymphs were repelled by benzaldehyde and R-limonene both at 10% and isobutyric acid at 10 and 5%. Were attracted by methyl salicylate, benzoic acid and salicylic acid all at 1.25% and ammonium hydroxide at 2.5%. Males were attracted by benzoic acid at 2.5%. Females were repelled by benzaldehyde at 5%. Mixtures with the attractive compounds were done but no attraction was observed. The compounds that caused attractiveness in the olfactometer assay (CO2, methyl salicylate, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and ammonium hydroxide) were taken to the field and traps with these compounds were placed in a pasture naturally infested with A. sculptum ticks. The dry ice (CO2) is still the best substance to attract ticks in the field (p>0.05). To verify if non hosts produce repellents volatiles, odors from donkeys and horses were extracted from the dry sebum extract. So the compounds were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry. Five main compounds were identified in both species being two predominant on horses: ethyl decanoate and ethyl octanoate, three predominant on donkeys hexanal, heptanal and trans-2-decenal. One compound trans-2-octenal occurring almost exclusively on donkeys was also identified and donkeys produced an average of 12,398 μg.mg-1. In olfactometer tests only the trans-2-octenal was repellent at different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25M). When an attractive substance (ammonium hydroxide) was added, the compound still repellent. The results indicated that benzoic acid should be further investigated since their results as attractant in laboratory and field. The isobutyric acid and R-limonene should be better exploited because of the repellent role presented in the behavioral test. And that the semiochemical identified here could be used to interfere in tick behavior and is therefore a potential compound to be transformed in a new technology to control A. sculptum.Item Caracterização morfológica e funcional de sensila gustativa da quelícera de Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-29) Soares, Sara Fernandes; Silva, Andréa Caetano da; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591106734434348; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; Gomes, Cláudia C. Gulias; Lorenzo, Marcelo Gustavo; Louly, Carla Cristina Braz; Luz, Wolf ChristianRhipicephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite of domestic dogs which can also be found in other mammals, including humans. It has high medical and veterinary importance, given that it can transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Boutonneuse fever in humans and babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in dogs. The main control method to this tick is the use of chemical acaricides which, over the years, has selected resistant tick populations to these products. To develop strategies to control this tick, it is necessary to know its ecology. Electrophysiological techniques are important tools in the study of substances that interfere with the behavior of animals. In this study, the existence of gustatory sensilla on the chelicerae of R. sanguineus was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the electrophysiological responses of the neurons present in this sensilla in nonfed ticks to substances with the potential to act as phagostimulant, such as salts (KCl and NaCl), sugars (glucose, sucrose and fructose), the nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) and two purine (guanine and hypoxanthine) were assessed. Phytoecdysteroids (PES), compounds analogous to ecdysteroids, known as the molting hormones in arthropods, were also tested in electrophysiology. The PES ecdysone (E), 20-hidroxyecdysone (20E), ponasterone A (PonA), makisterone A (MakA), inokosterone (Inok) and Pterosterone (Pte) were tested on nonfed and fed ticks. To evaluate the influence the PEs identified as active in electrophysiology on feeding behavior of R. sanguineus, attachment bioassays in vivo were proceeded. The images obtained with SEM revealed the existence of a pore in the inner digit of the chelicerae, involved in taste perception in these ticks. The results obtained in electrophysiology showed strong activity of R. sanguineus cheliceral neurons to glucose and GSH, at concentrations above 10-4 M, to ATP from 10-2 M, and salts from 10-1 M. The action potentials observed in response to ATP at all used concentrations (from 10-6 M to 10-2 M), and to KCl at 1 M were from different neurons, while the action potentials to the other potentially phagostimulant stimuli were from a single neuron. Considering the responses to PEs in nonfed ticks, MakA and Pte triggered action potentials frequencies greater than the negative control, with detection thresholds of 10-6 M and 10-12 M, respectively. The action potentials amplitudes for these substances as well as for 20E and PonA were higher than those for the control, indicating the activity of a different neuron from that observed for the negative control. In fed ticks, only Pte at 10-4 M remained active. In the behavior assays, there was no difference in attachment between PEs and the control and no interference in the biological parameters was observed. The results obtained in this study showed the ability of R. sanguineus to detect in their cheliceral taste sensilla substances with different natures, as potential phagostimulants and PEs. Further studies in this area are needed to elucidate the role of these substances in the chemical ecology of these ticks.