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Item Mulheres com lesões precursoras ou invasivas do colo de útero: a realidade do atendimento no Sistema Único de Saúde(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-17) ALBUQUERQUE, Zair Benedita Pinheiro de; SOUZA, Adenicia Custodia Silva e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5966034868102264; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether women with altered cervical cytopathological outcomes have been referred to Medium Complexity Units (MCU) as in accordance with the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines, as well analyze the perception of these womens about the attention received and the psychologic aspects that involved the diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Descriptive, exploratory, quantitative and qualitative study based on the cytopathological outcomes of the BHS users carried out in Basic Health Assistance Units (BHAU) referred to Medium Complex Units (MCU) in the municipality of Goiânia, State of Goiás, 2005/2006. We assessed 1.109 records regarding the Brazilian Ministry of Health/the National Institute of Cancer guidelines as established by the Brazilian Nomenclature for Cervical Outcomes and Preconized Clinical Practice. Data was analyzed and processed by using Epi-info 3.3.2, 2006 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Variables were assessed descriptively, through calculus of relative and absolute frequency. For qualitative analysis, the interview method were used containing the subject caracterization and two guiding questions: one with negative polarity and other with positive polarity. RESULTS: From the total number of referrals, 79% were not in accordance with the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines which originated a great number of unnecessary procedures. The qualitive analysis explicitated fails on the professional attendance and in this attendance flow regarding to comunication about the actions relatives to treatment, services humanization and no observations of the established flow. The psycosocial aspects demonstrated that women didn t receive the necessary psicological attention to minorate the feelings of pain, despair, shame and, most of all, fear of death and mutilations. CONCLUSIONS: We observed inadequate referrals to the MCUs, which demanded a big number of unnecessary procedures. In women s perception, the attendence was permeated by fails in the reception, in communication, professional assistence, lack of knowledge about the attendence flow. The psycosocial aspects demand treatment integrality with multiprofessional teams working according to a biopsycosocial model.Item Avaliação dos resultados dos exames citopatológicos do colo do útero dos laboratórios credenciados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde de acordo com o diagnóstico da Unidade de Monitoramento Externo da Qualidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-03) ÁZARA, Cinara Zago Silveira; GUIMARÃES, Janaína Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0986934969522024; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029Introduction: The External Quality Monitoring (MEQ) was developed from recommendations of the National Cancer Institute, in order to evaluate the performance of cytopathology diagnostic of the cervix and provide subsidies for continuing education to professionals in laboratories that provide services to public health. Objectives: To evaluate the results of Pap cervical smear between the laboratories accredited by the Single Health System (SUS) according to the diagnostic of the Unit of External Quality Monitoring (UMEQ), checking the frequency of the results of Pap cervical smear, the discordant cases, false positives (FP), false negative (FN) and diagnostic agreement. Methods: A total of 14 laboratories accredited by the SUS indicated by the Municipal Secretary of Health in Goiânia-GO participated in this study. It was reviewed the period from January 2007 to December 2008, Pap cervical smear tests selected by the Information System of Cancer of the cervix including all positive cases, all unsatisfactory ones and at least 5% of negative test results which should achieve at least 10% of the monthly routine of each laboratory, totaling 10,053 tests. These were reviewed by professionals from UMEQ / Faculty of Pharmacy from Federal University of Goiás. It was considered discordant cases in which there was a change in clinical management in accordance with the criteria established by the Ministry of Health. To place the cytological cervical results the Bethesda System was used. The magnitude of agreement was evaluated between the diagnoses using the kappa coefficient. The level of agreement considering its respective confidence intervals of 95% depending on the need to assign different weights to the disagreements were classified as follows: less than 0 - very bad agreement, 0 to 0.2, bad agreement; from 0.2 to 0.4 - reasonable agreement, from 0.4 to 0.6 - good agreement, from 0.6 to 0.8 - very good agreement and from 0.8 to 1.0 excellent. Results: There was disagreement between the UMEQ and laboratories of origin in 763 (7,59%) cases, of these 110 (1,1%) were FN distributed in: 37 (0,37%) atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 22 (0,22%) intraepithelial low-grade squamous lesions (LSIL), 30 (0,30%) atypical squamous cells cannot exclude a high-grade lesion (ASC-H), 12 (0,13%) squamous intraepithelial lesions of high grade (HSIL), an (0,01%) intraepithelial lesion of high-grade with suspicious features for invasion, six (0,07%) atypical glandular cells and two (0,02%) adenocarcinomas in situ. There was a delay in clinical management in 245 (2,44%) cases, of these 85 (0,84%) were initially classified as ASC-US and 160 (1,50%) as LSIL.The cases of ASC-US were distributed in: 53 (0,53%) ASC-H, 31 (0,31%) HSIL and an (0,01%) atypical glandular. The cases of LSIL were distributed in: 19 (0,19%) ASC-H, 139 (1,38%) HSIL and two (0,02%) atypical glandular cells. It was considered 283 (2,82%) FP cases and 125 (1,24%) initially negative cases that were reclassified as unsatisfactory. The agreement between the laboratories of origin and the UMEQ was excellent (Kappa = 0.81). It was found that for the evaluation of agreement of each laboratory, the majority showed very good agreement. The agreement of the sample adequacy was considered reasonable (Kappa = 0.30). Conclusion: Most laboratories showed very good agreement, however, it is worth mentioning that MEQ is an exercise of improvement needed to establish the standardization of diagnostic criteria and improve the accuracy of cervical smear.Item Prevenção do Câncer do Colo do Útero na Estratégia Saúde da Família: contribuições para a capacitação do Agente Comunitário de Saúde(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-21) Ferreira, Tatyana Xavier Almeida Matteucci; GUIMARÃES, Janaína Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0986934969522024; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029Introduction: Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is the second most common malignancy among women in Brazil, the main strategy for early detection of premalignant lesions is the cytopathology. Despite the existence of the screening program there was no reduction in the incidence and mortality rate of UCC in Brazil. The Family Health Strategy has the potential to work in the organization of UCC screening and in this context, one should consider that the Community Health Agents (CHA) play a central role. Objective: Contribute to the training of CHA in preventing UCC. Methodology: Intervention study conducted with the CHA from Goiânia-GO. The training of CHA on the prevention of UCC was conducted. During the training structured questionnaires were used to collect data. For statistical analysis, all variables were evaluated descriptively by calculating the absolute and relative frequencies. Knowledge of CHA on UCC preventing practices before and after training was compared by the McNemar test, adopting a 5% error. Results: There was a lack of knowledge of CHA about the prevention of UCC before the training. We observed the improvement of knowledge after the training, especially in relation to the purpose of cytopathology, the proper preparation of women for their achievement, on the causative agent of UCC and the results of cytopathology (p < 0,05). Conclusions: The results showed that after training the CHA had a better knowledge about the purpose of cytopathology and, on preparing women for their achievement, on the causative agent and the risk factors for UCC and demonstrate some understanding of the results of cytopathology.Item Qualidade de vida e sintomas depressivos em indivíduos expostos ao Césio-137, em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-10-01) FUINI, Silvana Cruz; AMARAL, Geraldo Francisco do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1523095487178024; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029Objectives: This study evaluated the Quality-of-Life (QoL) of those individuals exposed to Cesium-137, in Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil and its association with symptoms of depression and socio-demographic factors. Methods: 62 subjects participated, who were divided into two groups: Group I (people with radiodermatitis and / or with cytogenetic desimetry above 20 rads), n=33; Group II (people with cytogenetic desimetry < or =20 rads), n=29.The instrument WHOQL-Bref was applied to evaluate the (QoL) and the scale for Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the screening of symptoms of depression. The social-demographic factors were collected through the Monitoring System of Victims of Radiation. Data analysis used the syntax of WHOQOL-BREF using SPSS ® for Windows ® version 15.0. To compare the variables we used the Student's T test and ANOVA. For correlation between WHOQOL-BREF and BDI used the Pearson test. It was considered as significance level value of 5% (p <0.05). Results: Among the areas of WHOQL-Bref, the environment had the highest mean scores (59.02, SD = 20:39) and the psychological had the lowest average (53.02, SD = 20:39). The associations between the physical, psychological and social relationships were significant for the age variable, respectively (p = 0.018, p = 0.002, p = 0.001). For the BDI it was observed that 33.9% of subjects were above the cutoff point (> 16), showing a difference in those over 41 years of age (p> 0.05), all items of the BDI were correlated with all domains of WHOQL-Bref (p = <0.0010). Conclusions: Individuals exposed to cesium-137 suffer considerable impact on their QOL, with persistence of psychosocial problems, especially for those with more than 41 years. BDI results showed that radiation exposure constitutes a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, verifying the presence of significant depressive symptoms, especially in people over 41 years and, to a lesser extent, the members of Group I and distributed among women in both groups. The domains of the WHOQOL-BREF and BDI correlated indicating that QOL and depressive symptoms are constructs with areas of intersection. Sociodemographic factors related to education and religion associated with the results of the assessment of QOL and symptoms of depression.Item Análise do desempenho da revisão rápida de 100% na detecção de resultados falso-negativos dos exames citopatológicos cervicais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-30) MANRIQUE, Edna Joana Cláudio; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029Objectives: analyze the performance of the 100% rapid re-screening in detecting falsenegative results of cervical screening cervical, in quality control, after routine screening, using the average time of one and two minutes, according to final diagnosis. Methodology: a total 5,235 smears, classified as negative and unsatisfactory by routine screening, were submitted to 100% rapid re-screening method, using the time average of one and two minutes. In these reviews, the smears classified as unsatisfactory or suspects were subjected to detailed review. The concordant results were considered final diagnosis; the differences were meeting for a consensus that defined the final diagnosis. Results: of 5,235 smears submitted rapid re-screening method, of using the time of one minute and two minutes there was sensitivity and specificity of the final method of 64.3% and 99.2% for the time of one minute and two minutes was 63.8% and 99.5%. In smears, with satisfy adequacy for analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of this method, using the time of one and two minutes, were 64.2%, 98.9%, 61.5% and 99.4% respectively. The smears, with the adequacy of the smears presented for analysis limits, the sensitivity and specificity, using the time of one minute, was 64.7%, 99.9% and for two minutes were 70.6% and 99.8%. Of the total of 5,121 cervical smears, had 958 (18.7%) clinical information, after being submitted to rapid rescreening, using the time of one minute, 18 of those were suspects, of which ten were confirmed by final diagnosis as abnormal. When submitted to rapid re-screening using the time of two minutes, 13 were suspects, nine of these were confirmed by final diagnosis as abnormal. A total 4,163 (81.3%) smears had no clinical information, after being submitted to rapid re-screening, using the time of one minute were 70 suspects, of which 35 were classified as abnormal. When submitted to rapid re-screening using the time of two minutes were 54 suspects, of which 35 were confirmed by final diagnosis as abnormal. A rapid re-screening showed a sensitivity to smear with clinical information, using the time of one minute of 83.3% and for two minutes of 75%. Conclusions: the rapid re-screening method of 100% showed no difference in the detection of falsenegative results using the time of a minute or two. The adequacy of the sample does not influence the detection of false-negative results, using both a time as two minutes, and there was no difference in the detection of false-negative smears with and without clinical information using a time-two minutes and finally, in smears with clinical informationItem Avaliação da eficiência de três métodos utilizados como controle da qualidade dos exames citopatológi- cos cervicais classificados como negativos no escrutí- nio de rotina(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-16) MANRIQUE, Edna Joana Cláudio; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029This study compared the effectiveness of quick review 100%, 10% random review and revision of smears selected based on clinical criteria as a method of internal quality control of cervical smears negative on routine screening and found that the false-negative results identified by review rapid vary with the quality of the sample and the woman's age. Was based on the female population user of the Unified Health System in Goiânia-GO, which was subjected to cytological examination performed at the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the Romulus Rock School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás The 5,530 smears classified as negative scrutiny underwent routine method for quick review 100%, then the smears were selected based on clinical criteria and 10% of negative smears and submitted to the respective revisães. Four cytologists alternated during revisions. After the revisions concordant results were considered final diagnosis, whereas the divergent were analyzed by a third cytologist, which consensus meeting defined the final diagnosis. All steps were blindly and the results classified according to the Bethesda System. For statistical analysis, the variables were analyzed descriptively and applied the chi-square test. A Quick Review of 100% smears identified 141 suspects, 84 of these (59.6%) tested positive for the final diagnosis, of which 36 (25.5%) were classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) five (3.5%) as atypical squamous cells can not exclude high-grade lesion (ASC-H), 34 (24.1%) as squamous intraepithelial lesions of low-grade (LSIL), six (4.3 %) as squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade (HSIL) and three (2.1%) atypical glandular cells (AGC). Smears of 84 suspected and confirmed the final diagnosis, 62 (73.8%) were classified as satisfactory and 22 (26.2%) satisfactory, but with some limitation, but no significant difference was with the woman's age. The method of rapid review identified 19 as unsatisfactory smears, 16 of these (84.2%) were confirmed in the final diagnosis. Of the 1,279 smears reviewed based on clinical criteria, 24 were considered abnormal. Of these 19 (79.2%) were confirmed as positive by the final diagnosis, nine (47.3%) classified as ASC-US, one (5.3%) ASC-H, eight (42.1%) and LSIL One (5.3%) HSIL. Of the 560 smears examined by reviewing 10%, 13 were considered abnormal, these six (46.2%) were confirmed in the final diagnosis, four (30.8%) classified as ASC-US, one (7.7%) and LSIL (7.7%) HSIL. Therefore, a quick review of 100% is a more efficient alternative for the detection of false-negative results of cervical screening as a method of internal quality control, than the random review of 10% and revision based on clinical criteria. It was observed also that the quick review showed better performance when the sample was classified as adequate for analysis, but does not vary with the age of the woman.Item Adequabilidade dos esfregaços cervicais frente aos principais fatores pré-laboratoriais que podem interferir na análise do exame citopatológico.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-16) MARTINS, Marcelo Rodrigues; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029Background: Cervical cancer in Brazil has one of the highest incidence rates. Screening this neoplasia is effective when a cytopathological test stained by Papanicolaou method is performed. However, the quality of cytopathological samples directly influences the screening effectiveness. Eventhough, this method has been criticized due to the high rates of false-negative, due to collection errors, routine scrutiny and the interpretation of cytological changes. Amongst the collection errors, the absence of endocervical cells and bad fixation are highlighted as one of the main concerns. Objectives: to assess the profile of professionals in charge of collecting cytopathological samples as well as verify whether the experience time and the working conditions are associated with sample adequability, verify the main difficulties and easiness reported by the professionals regarding cervical smears collection by using different fixation techniques, verify which fixation technique shows better performance concerning samples adequability and whether the fixation technique influences the detection of precursory injuries; verify the frequency of satisfactory cervical smears, the factors which could partially make samples obscure or make them unsatistactory for the analysis, as well as verify the presence or absence of transformation zone, and whether the presence of these cells is associated with the detection of cervical cancer precursory injuries. Methodology: 19 professionals -doctors and nurses- in charge of collecting cytopathological samples took part in this study. 1,354 cytopathological smears were included in this study, which were divided into three groups, submitted to different fixation techniques and distributed in the following manner: first group: 414 smears fixed with alcohol 95%; second group: 445 fixed with dropping fixation (alcohol 95% + polyethylene glycol) and third group: 495 fixed with spray (alcohol 95% + polyethylene glycol). The cervical material collected was referred to the cytology sector at the Rômulo Rocha Clinical Analyses Center and submitted to scrutiny routine regardless to the fixation technique. The cytopathological outcomes were classified in accordance with Brazilian Nomenclature for Cervical Diagnoses. At the end of the study, a questionnaire was applied to the professionals in which they reported difficulties and easiness concerning the use of different techniques. Data was inserted and processed in the Epi Info 3.3.2 software, and for statistic analysis we used the SAS 9.1.3 software. Outcomes: from the 19 professionals in charge of cytopathological screening 16 (84.2%) are nurses and 3 (15.8%) are doctors. From the 19 professionals in charge of collection, 58% pointed the spray technique as of very easy handling. In the limited smears the most frequent obscuring factor was leukocyte infiltration followed by dissecation, whereas for the unsatisfactory the majority was of dissecation followed by hypocellular material. Conclusions: this study showed that spray fixation technique had the worst performance concerning adequability of sample when compared to alcohol and drops, and that the professionals considered the spray fixation as of easier handling. There was no association between the precursory injuries diagnosis and the fixation technique used. The experience time and the Abstract proper collection environment influenced the quality of cervical material samples and the alcohol 95% fixation technique had the highest rate of difficulty reported, when compared to the drop and spray fixation. We also observed that the transformation zone representation was significant both for the most severe and less severe cervical cancer precursory injuries.Item Análise do padrão do uso de medicamentos em idosos no município de Goiânia, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-30) SANTOS, Thalyta Renata Araújo; LIMA, Dione Marçal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310011929664114; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029Introduction: The fact of elderly people live in a greater amount with chronic diseases, make the elderly a great consumer of health services and, probably, the most medicated group in the society. In this context serious problems arise, such as the use of multiple medications simultaneously (polypharmacy) that can lead to serious consequences to the elderly health. Another problem is the self-medication, which may exacerbate the associated risks with prescript drugs, delaying a diagnosis and masking a disease. There is, still, the use of drugs considered inappropriate for elderly, either by reducing the therapeutic efficacy or an increased risk of adverse effects that increase the advantages in elderly usage. Objective: Analyzing the pattern of use of medications in aged people in the city of Goiânia-GO, and associate it with socioeconomic aspects and with the self-rated health. Methods: A population-based study and cross-section, that evaluated the health of elderly in the city of Goiânia-GO. The data collection was carried out in December/2009 to April/2010 from 934 elderly. The questionnaire had questions about medications, in addition to information about self-rated health and socioeconomic profile. The drugs groups were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical and Classification-ATC. The inappropriate drugs for elderly were identified according to Beers Criteria. Used Mann Whitney (U) and Chi-square test, it was considered significant p<0.05. Results: Among 934 elderly participants of the survey, 783 (83.8%) had answered completely to the questionnaire. These 738 elderly used 2846 drugs (3.63 drugs/elderly). Women consumed more medication than men (3.94 and 3.06 respectively, p <0.001). The most frequently consumed drugs act on the cardiovascular system (38.6%). The prevalence of polypharmacy was 26.4% and 35.7% of the elderly told to practise self-medication. The drugs most commonly used by self-medication were the painkillers (30.8%). According to Beers-Fick Criteria, 24.6% of the elderly used inappropriate drugs, 90.2% of these drugs came from a current prescription. The inappropriate drugs more consumed were benzodiazepines (34.2%). Women, widows, elderly with 80 years or more and those who had a worse self-rated health practiced more polypharmacy (p<0.05). Elderly people with lower education and with worse self-rated health practiced more self-medication (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the pattern of drug use by elderly of Goiânia was similar to that found in elderly people from other regions of Brazil. Since the number of drugs used, the prevalence of polypharmacy and self-medication practices and the use of inappropriate drugs were within the national average. Women, widows, aged 80 years or more and those who consider their health as poor more often practiced polypharmacy, the largest self-medication was associated with a lower education and poorer self-rated health.Item Controle interno da qualidade dos exames citológicos do colo do útero: pré-escrutínio rápido versus revisão rápida de 100%(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-09-29) TAVARES, Suelene Brito do Nascimento; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029False-negative rates constitute a common problem in the daily routine of cytopathology laboratories. Among the various internal quality control methods, 10% random review is the least effective in detecting false-negative results in routine screening. On the other hand, good results have been found with 100% rapid review and with rapid prescreening. Nevertheless, no studies comparing these two methods have been reported. Objective: To compare the performance of rapid prescreening and 100% rapid review as internal quality control methods in cervical cytopathology. Methods: Over 27 months, 12,208 cervical cytology smears collected from Units of Primary Health Care of Goiânia were submitted to rapid prescreening and routine screening at Rômulo Rocha Center for Clinical Analyses at the School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The 100% rapid review method was performed on all smears classified as negative at routine screening. Conflicting results obtained with either method were reviewed in detail to define final diagnosis, which was considered the gold-standard for evaluating the performance of rapid prescreening and 100% rapid review. In cases with abnormal cytology were evaluated the results of colposcopy, histopathology and of the new cytopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of internal quality control methods were estimated when compared to the final diagnosis, and to follow-up colposcopy, histopathology and at new cytopathology. Results: Compared to the final diagnosis, the sensitivity of routine screening and rapid prescreening was 72.9% (IC 95%: 70,0%-75,8%) and 75.6% (IC 95%: 72,8%-78,4%), respectively. Taking into account only those smears classified as negative at routine screening, the sensitivity of rapid prescreening and RR-100% was 90.2% (IC 95%: 86,4-93,9) and 57.0% (50,8%-63,2%), respectively. Rapid prescreening identified 220 (1.8%), while RR-100% identified 140 (1.15%) of the 244 (2.0%) cases with false-negative results at routine screening. The sensitivity of rapid prescreening in detect abnormal cases at follow-up colposcopy, histopathology and at new cytopathology was 87.5% (CI95%; 74.3%-100.7%) 82,4% (CI95%: 64.2%-100.,5%), 95.7% (CI95%:89.8%-101.5%), respectively, the sensitivity of 100% rapid review was 54.2% (CI95%: 34.2%-74.1%), 52.9% (CI95%: 29.2%-76.7%), 47.8% (CI95%: 33.4%-62.3%) respectively and the sensibility of routine screening was 83.2% (CI95%: 77.1%-89.3%), 85.7% (CI95%: 79.4%-92.0%), 73.3% (CI95%: 66.6%-79.9%), respectively. Conclusions: Rapid prescreening was more effective than 100% rapid review for the detection of false-negative results at routine screening, with a better performance when compared to final diagnosis, to follow-up colposcopy and at new cytopathology. The methods showed similar performance when compared at follow-up histopathology. Therefore, according to the results of this study, rapid prescreening provides subsidies to improve the performance of cervical cytopathology tests, whose the principal function of which is to detect cervical cancer precursor lesions.Item Eficiência do pré-escrutínio rápido, revisão aleatória de 10% e critérios clínicos de risco como métodos de controle interno da qualidade dos exames citopatológicos cervicais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-09-06) TAVARES, Suelene Brito do Nascimento; AMARAL, Rita Goreti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665611660713029Cytopathology is an effective method of screening for cervical cancer; however, this method has high rates of false-negative results (FNR). To reduce FNR, routine measures of internal and external quality control are required in laboratories. The 10% random review of negative smears (R-10%) is the most commonly used method; however, it is not effective in reducing FNR. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the review of smears selected according to clinical risk factors (RCRF) and rapid prescreening (RPS) of all smears present good results. This study evaluated the performance of RPS, R-10% and RCRF as methods of internal quality control of cervical smear testing. The sample was composed of a total of 6,135 cervical smears from women who had attended Basic Health Clinics in Goiânia Goiás between March 2006 and March 2007. The cytopathological results were classified according to the 2001 Bethesda System. Initially, 6,135 smears were submitted to RPS followed by routine scrutiny (RS). Following RS, smears classified as negative were selected on the basis of clinical risk criteria, while 10% of all the smears were selected randomly, both sets then being submitted to the respective reviews. Four cytologists were responsible for RPS, RS, R-10% and RCRF, and three for reviewing the abnormal and discordant smears from any of the reviews. The smears classified as negative in RPS, RS, R-10% and RCRF were considered to have a final diagnosis (FD) of negative. Smears considered suspect or unsatisfactory at RPS were analyzed separately by two other cytologists. Smears considered abnormal or unsatisfactory at RS, R-10% and/or RCRF were likewise reviewed. When the two reviewing cytologists reached concordant diagnoses, these were considered the FD. Discordant results were analyzed by a third cytologist and a consensus meeting was held to define the FD. All stages of the study were performed blinded except for the consensus meeting. Smears classified as negative at RS, which were suspect at RPS and/or considered abnormal at R-10% and RCRF and confirmed abnormal in the FD, were considered FN results. Of the 6,135 smears, 5,522 were classified as negative, 84 as unsatisfactory and 529 as abnormal in the FD. Sensitivity of RPS was 63.0% for all abnormalities and 96.7% for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) compared to RS. The sensitivity of RPS was 74.9% for all abnormalities and 95.0% for HSIL compared to FD. The sensitivity of R-10% was 53.8% for all abnormalities when compared to FD. R-10% failed to detect any cases of HSIL. The sensitivity of RCRF was 64.0% for all abnormalities and 75.0% for HSIL compared to the FD. RPS identified an additional 132 (2.15%) abnormal smears, whereas R-10% and RCRF identified an additional 7 (0.11%) and 32 (0.52%), respectively. In conclusion, RPS is an effective method of internal quality control and has better sensitivity than R-10% and RCRF for the detection of FN results. It also allows the FN rate of the laboratory to be monitored and permits continuous evaluation of the prescreening cytologist and the routine screening cytologist.