Mestrado em Biologia da Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro (IPTSP)
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Navegando Mestrado em Biologia da Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro (IPTSP) por Por Orientador "Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro"
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Item Prevalência e determinação dos sorotipos circulantes de Streptococcus pneumoniae em crianças que frequentam creches no município de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-07-08) Guerreiro, Tainá Carvalho; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0768752229180519; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; D’Azevedo, Pedro Alves; Ternes, Yves Mauro FernandesStreptococcus pneumoniae remains as a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. Nasopharyngeal colonization is the key of the development of pneumococcal diseases as well as for horizontal spread of this pathogen in the community. Children are the main reservoir of S. pneumoniae and act as vectors in the transmission chain of this microorganism. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes, also contributes to the protection against colonization by the same serotypes. In 2010, PCV10 was introduced in the childhood immunization program of Brazil. This is a population-based study that was conducted immediately after the introduction of the vaccine in order to determine the carriage rate of this pathogen in children attending in day care centers in Goiania. These data may be used as a predictor for evaluating the dynamic of the circulating serotypes into the community after the vaccine introduction. Between October and November 2010, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 853 children ranging from 36 to 59 months attending in day care centers in Goiania. Isolation and identification of S. pneumoniae were done after the incubation step on broth-enriched for 6 h and posterior plating on blood agar. Isolates that were α-haemolytic, optochin-sensitive and soluble in bile were identified as S. pneumoniae. The isolates were serotyped by cmPCR. The database had been built with the statistical program SPSS (Chicago, IL, USA) version 18.0. The possible risk factors were assessed by multivariate Poisson regression. The level of probability of 0.05 (two-tailed) was used to determine statistical significance. The prevalence of pneumococcus carrier was 57.6% (CI95%: 54.2% - 60.9%). According to the multivariate Poisson regression analysis, children aged 36-47 months (IRR: 1.117; CI95%: 1.007-1.238; p: 0.035) and children in whose houses had four or more residents (IRR: 1.1214; CI95%: 1.078-1.368; p 0.001) were considered risk factors independently associated to pneumococcal colonization. The variable family income equal to or greater than three minimum wages was considered a protective factor independently associated to pneumococcal colonization (IRR: 0.787; CI95%: 0.627-0.990; p 0.041). The most prevalent serotypes and serogroups founded were 6A/6B/6C/6D (n=80; 16.3%), 14 (n=47; 9.6%), 23F (n=46; 9.4%), 19F (n=43; 8.8%), 15B/15C (n=30; 6.1%), 11A/11D (n=28; 5.7%), 3 (n=22; 4.5%) and 19A (n=16; 3.3%). Our results showed a high prevalence of pneumococcal colonization among the study population, indicating that colonization by this microrganism is common among children, especially in environments that favor crowding. The main serotypes/serogroups are cover by PCV10.Item Prevalência e caracterização molecular de bastonetes Gram negativos isolados do sistema de transporte público coletivo do município de Goiânia-Go(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-09) Lamaro, Luana; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0768752229180519; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfírio Borges; Cardoso, Alessandra MarquesObjects contaminated with microorganisms are denominated fomites. A number of studies have reported fomites as sources of microorganism dissemination. This study aimed to isolate and identify Gram Negative Bacilli (GNB) from a collective public transport line in the city of Goiânia, GO, to characterize by phenotypic and genotypic methods in the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and to analyze the macrorrestricity profile of the isolated. As samples of the fixed bars surfaces of the buses and ratchets of the platforms and terminals of “Leste-Oeste” line were collected with swab and sent to the Laboratory of Applied Bacteriology of the IPTSP-UFG. After the GNB culture, as species were identified by PCR and submitted to the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST). The plasmid DNA of the strains resistant to beta-lactams was extracted for the search of genes encoding beta-lactamases by PCR. The macrorrestriction profile of P. mirabilis strains was performed by PFGE using the XbaI enzyme. A total of 852 swabs were collected representing a prevalence of 46.0% of GNB in the evaluated surfaces. The species identified were A. baumannii (40.8%), H. alvei (30.9%), P. mirabilis (26.1%) and E. coli (2.2%). The AST revealed 31 (7.9%) multidrug resistant isolates. The blaTEM and blaCTX genes were detected. We observed a presence of eight clusters and three clones among the species P. mirabilis. This study proves that the surfaces present in the collective public transport system can be sources of resistant multi-drug GNB and these bacteria have the potential of dispersion and permanence in different community environments.Item Prevalência, perfil de suscetibilidade e caracterização molecular de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de uma linha de ônibus do sistema de transporte público coletivo do município de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-07-15) Neves, Lorrane Souza; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfírio Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1475834090578722; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0768752229180519; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; Ternes, Yves Mauro Fernandes; Parente, Juliana AlvesStaphylococcus aureus is an important agent of health care and community infections. Environmental surfaces, especially those in frequent contact with the hands, can serve as reservoirs of microorganisms, working as fomites in microbial spread. In the public transportation system, contact surfaces with hands can act as transmission vehicles, assisting the dispersion of S. aureus in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in buses, terminals and platforms of a larger route of the public transportation system in the city of Goiânia-GO, to determine the susceptibility and virulence profiles and assess the genetic similarity among S. aureus isolates. We collected 852 swabs fromhandrails of buses and ratchets of platforms and terminals that compose the East-West line. The isolation of staphylococci was done by standard techniques and species identification by detection of the femA gene. S. aureus identified were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conventional PCR for detection of mecA and lukS-Fgenes, multiplex PCR to detect virulence factors genes, SCCmec typing and PFGE to assess the genetic similarity among strains. The contamination prevalence of handrails and ratchets by S. aureus was 17.7% (151/852). MRSA was detected in 0,5% of samples. The phenotype known as iMLSB was detected in 41.0% (62/151) of the isolates. Several virulence profiles were detected in 43 (28.5%)isolates, PFGE analysis revealed extensive genetic diversity of circulating strains, including MRSA strains similar to USA300 and USA800. The results suggest that S. aureus and MRSA strains, showing different susceptibility and virulence profiles are circulating in the community. They may be transmitted between individuals through fomites, putting the user population of the service at risk.Item Epidemiologia molecular de bastonetes Gram negativos isolados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital escola de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-10) Pires, Cyndi Heleinne; Pereira, Maria das Graças Cabral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0490246549210664; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0768752229180519; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas; Barbosa, Mônica SantiagoGram-negative bacilli (BGN) comprise species that are sources of community-acquired infections and infections associated with health care. They are easily spread among humans and have the ability to acquire and share genetic material by horizontal gene transfer. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of BGN isolated from the environment and patients of an ICU of a university hospital in the city of Goiânia-GO, to determine the susceptibility profile of the isolates, and their genetic similarity. The collections were performed in patients and environments of the Medical ICU of a university hospital in the city of Goiânia-GO, between December 2012 and June 2014. After collection, the swabs were packed in heart brain infusion broth. Isolation was performed on MacConkey agar and species identification was performed by multiplex PCR. Diffusion disc tests were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and phenotypic tests for the detection of resistance phenotypes. Next, monoplex PCR was performed to detect 15 genes encoding beta-lactam resistance. The PFGE of P. mirabilis, E. coli and A. baumannii isolates were also performed to verify the genetic similarity between the circulating strains. A total of 526 swabs were collected, of which 134 were patients and 392 were environment. The prevalence of BGN found was 55.3% (291/526), and of these, 219 (75.2%) were identified among the species H. alvei (36.8%), A. baumannii (26.8 %), P. mirabilis (7.6%), P. aeruginosa (2.4%) and E. coli (1.7%). Among the bacteria identified, 51 (23.3%) were resistant to beta-lactams, of which 8 (15.7%) were ESBL-producing. Of the 24 (10.9%) isolates resistant to carbapenems, 10 (41.6%) were carbapenemase producers. The most prevalent beta-lactam resistance genes in the environment samples were blaSHV and blaIMT, both with 39.3%, and blaSME (35.7%). In patients the most prevalent genes were blaSHV (43.5%), blaOXA (39.1%) and blaIMG (34.8%). The dendrograms resulting from the macrorrest profiles show an outbreak of contamination / colonization by a dominant clone of A. baumannii in the ICU in the year 2013 and in 2014 the appearance of different enterobacteria in detriment of A. baumanni revealing the predominance between species in different years. The results suggest that the prevalence of BGN, mainly of enterobacteria, is high in health institutions, mainly in ICUs. The hospital environment can be a potential source of contamination and infection to patients and health professionals, as well as acting as reservoir of resistance genes, deserving greater attention and development of educational and hygienic-sanitary measures to control the patient-environment interface.