Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal (ICB)
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Navegando Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal (ICB) por Por Orientador "Consolaro, Hélder Nagai"
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Item Distilia em Faramea multiflora em um fragmento de floresta no bioma cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-28) Lopes, Danilo Luiz; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Coelho, Christiano Perez; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Hélder NagaiDistillic species have both types of hercogamy, but in separate individuals, called pin (long-styled) and thrum (short-styled) morphs, characterizing reciprocal herkogamy. This type of floral polymorphism is usually accompanied by a system of heteromorphic self-incompatibility and dysthilic populations tend to have an equal proportion of morphs. The present work aimed to study reproductive biology and verify the pollen flow between the morphs of Faramea multiflora (L). Rich The work was carried out at Santa Cruz Municipal Natural Park in Catalão, southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Information was obtained on phenology, floral biology, floral morphometry, reciprocal hercogamy, isopletia, reproductive system, day and night floral visitors, floral morphometry of both morphs, pollen dimorphism, pollen production and pollen transfer. The population showed mass flowering in the rainy season. Both morphs showed daytime anthesis, but remain long-lived at night attracting night pollinators. The morphs showed reciprocal hercogamy only among the lower sexual whorls and only the height of the thrum morph stigma is not influenced by the size of the corolla. Both morphs showed self-compatibility, especially the thrum morph. F. multiflora flowers were visited by two main groups of pollinators, butterflies during the day and moths at night. Some characteristics appear to be associated with a generalist pollination system, such as the mass flowering pattern and floral longevity that attracts daytime and nighttime pollinators. In addition to the loss of reciprocity between the upper verticils, the study population also presented relaxation in the self-incompatibility system, which may have contributed to the deviation observed in isoplety. Both daytime and nighttime pollinators visited more flowers of the thrum morph, but apart from flower production, which was higher for the thrum morph, no other characteristic seems to explain this difference in the rate of visits. Dimorphism in pollen grain size was observed, with the thrum morph showing larger grains, however, there was no difference in pollen production between the morphs. Stigmas of the thrum morph received more pollen grains and when analyzed for grain quality, the thrum morph also received more legitimate grains while for illegitimate grains there was difference only when analyzing the separate treatments, again with the thrum morph receiving more grains. The pin morph showed a higher male function, while the thrum morph showed a higher female function. Even with pollen dimorphism, pollen production was the same for both morphs. What may be happening in the study population is a deviation in the reproductive fitness of the morphs, which may lead to the total loss of the self-incompatible morph, in this case the pin, and the population to become monomorphic thrum.Item A andromonoicia de Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae): variação na manifestação do sistema sexual ao longo do tempo e espaço(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-26) Marcelo, Vanessa Gonzaga; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio Alves Macedo de; Brito, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de; Silva, Francismeire Jane Telles da; Caetano, Ana PaulaAndromonoecy is a sexual system in which the same individual produces hermaphrodict and male flowers. In this sense, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze functional, population and temporal variations in the expression of this sexual system in Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. The flowers of the floral types had their measurements taken, analyzed as to the production and viability of the pollen, ovules count and the formation of the fruits and seeds. The phenology was analyzed through the index of intensity and activity. Mating system experiments were carried out on the two floral types and focal observations to verify the behavior of the visitors. In S. lycocarpum, the sexual expression of individuals varied over time and between populations, so that the distribution of flower types may indicate that individuals may respond to differences in environmental conditions. There were still individuals who were only male, making such a system found does not correspond to the andromonoecious system. In addition, it was observed that the hermaphrodict flowers, besides having the larger stylet than the male ones, are larger in length and width. In relation to the quantity and pollen viability, this differentiated between the floral types, being that the hermaphrodicts have a greater quantity of pollen grains and, whereas the male flowers have a greater viability than the hermaphrodicts. In hermaphrodicts flowers, 85% of the ovules form seeds, while in the male, the "ovules" are not fertile. Thus, the lower energy expenditure in the production of smaller male flowers, with reduced pistils and with unviable ovules, could make them more abundant and produce more viable pollen. The reduction in the number of flowers was accompanied by the production of the fruits, which could indicate an economy of the resources that would already be used in the production of the fruits, since these are large and with many seeds. The species is self-incompatible, and only the hermaphrodite flowers produce fruit. S. lycocarpum fits into the buzz pollination syndrome, being pollinators bees with vibration capacity. Bees of smaller body size vibrated the anthers individually, having no or little contact with the stigma, unlike the larger ones that vibrated the cone, having contact between the stigma and the abdomen of the bee. In S. lycocarpum, the lower percentage of pollen viability in the hermaphrodite flowers, besides the presence of exclusively male individuals, could indicate a system in evolutionary path for other sexual systems, such as androdioecy.Item Sistema distílico e biologia reprodutiva de cinco espécies de Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae) em dois fragmentos do sudeste Goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-18) Sá, Túlio Freitas Filgueira de; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio Alves Macedo de; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Hélder NagaiDistyly is a reproductive strategy to promote cross-pollination and difficult self-pollination, characterized by the presence of two floral morphs, the pin and the thrum morph. The study aimed to describe the phenological behavior and investigate aspects related to the distylous system of five Psychotria species, such as the pollination biology, the floral morphology, the isoplety and the incompatibility system of the species. The studies were performed in the "Parque Municipal da Mata do Setor Santa Cruz" and "in the Pasto do Pedrinho", in the municipality of Catalão, Goiás. The five species of the genus Psychotria were: P. hoffmannseggiana, P. capitata, P. prunifolia, P. deflexa. and P. trichophoroides. The flowers were collected and fixed in 70% ethanol for the morphometric analysis. The phenology was held for one year for each species. The incompatibility system was tested using hand pollination. The flower visitors were collected, labeled and identified. The results indicate that P. hoffmannseggiana, P. capitata, P. deflexa and P. trichophoroides present distyly, only P. prunifolia was considered as pin-monomorphic . In the reproductive system, P. prunifolia was considered as self-compatible. Although, P. hoffmannseggiana, P. capitata, P. deflexa and P. trichophoroides presented a self-incompatibility system. Regarding to the morphs ratio , all the distylous populations were isopletic. The floral visitors of the five species confirm the entomophilous pollination syndrome. In the phenology, the flower buds of the populations began to emerge in September, one month before the beginning of the flowering, with the months of highest incidence parallel to the emission of the flowers (October to December). The analysis of the relationship between the corolla and the height of the intramorph reproductive verticils, reveals that the corolla considerably interfered in the length of the floral organs. In the reciprocity analysis, the influence of the corolla on the reciprocal herkogamy, had a null or parcial effect in the reciprocity. The present study has been carried out with only one population per species, and it would not be possible to assign distyly with the self-incompatibility of P. capitata, P. deflexa, P. trichophoroides and P. hoffmannseggiana, or even with the monomorphism and self-compatibility of P. prunifolia, as a general condition for these species. However, the results of the present study and additional information from other populations of these same species, lead us to believe that this scenario may repeat in other regions of Brazil.Item Plantas ornitófilas de sub-bosque e suas interações com beija-flores(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-27) Silva, Raphael Matias da; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Freitas, Leandro; Franceschinelli, Edivani V.Ornithophilous plant species occur in greater number in the understory of tropical forests, with Acanthaceae as one of the major families with this pollination syndrome. However, several other angiosperm families have species pollinated by hummingbirds, which is the largest group of vertebrate pollinators of the Neotropic, besides being the most representative and specialized group of nectarivorous birds. The present study is organized into three chapters, with the following objectives: 1) Conduct a literature review, compiling information on the pollination and reproductive systems found in the family Acanthaceae Juss. in Brazil, 2) Assess the association between ornithophilous understory plants and hummingbirds in two fragments, evaluating potential levels of specialization according to the floral traits, 3) To investigate the pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae), including aspects of its morphology, floral biology, nectar energy availability and reproductive system. Four pollination syndromes were recorded in a total of 28 species of Acanthaceae family: ornithophily, melittophily, psicofilia and chiropterophily. The ornithophily was the predominant syndrome and, consequently, hummingbirds were the most common group of floral visitors. Regarding the reproductive system, 94.1% of the Acanthaceae species studied in Brazil are self-compatible. In the study of the community ecology of the ornithophilous plants, 12 species were recorded, with Acanthaceae being the principal ornithophilous family. Thalurania furcata was the hummingbird which interacted with the greatest number of species, being considered as a generalist. The average amount of sugar produced in the area, by the species, was the only factor associated with the visitation rate. This feature may be a consequence of the fact, that larger resource quantities represent greater attraction and greater abundance of hummingbirds that exploit these resources in the areas. G. pubescens was the ornithophilous species that offered the greatest amount of resources to hummingbirds in the studied area. Based only on the amount of available energy for this plant species, on a daily basis, the studied fragment can support up to 94.6 hummingbirds during its flowering peak. G. pubescens produced no fruit by agamospermy and self-spontaneous pollinations. Thus, these results demonstrate the importance of the hummingbirds (the unique visitors) in the pollen flow occurrence and therefore, in the fruit formation of the species.