Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal (ICB)
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Navegando Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal (ICB) por Por Orientador "Silva, Marcos José da"
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Item O gênero Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae sensu lato) no Estado de Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Antunes, Lorena Lana Camelo; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Ferreira, Heleno Dias; Nogueira, Ina de SouzaSubfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae are circumscribed in the Leguminosae, which is cosmopolitan, encompasses approximately 750 genera and 19.500 species, and is the third largest taxon of the Angiosperms. In Brazil, it is the richest family, with 2.756 species and 213 genera, which makes it very important ecologically. Papilionoideae, its largest subfamily, with 478 genera, 13.800 species, and 28 tribes, is monophyletic and traditionally recognized for the papilionaceous flowers, leaves usually imparipinnate or trifoliolate, and legume fruits. Among Papilionoideae tribes, Dalbergieae sensu lato is one of the largest, encompassing 49 genera and ca. 1.325 species, distributed in the clades Adesmia, Pterocarpus, and Dalbergia. The latter is the most diverse, with 706 species distributed in 17 genera, among which Aeschynomene stands out for its complex taxonomy, paraphyletic nature, and high representativeness (ca. 180 species). In Brazil, Aeschynomene is the most diverse genus of Dalbergieae sensu lato, with 49 species. Nonetheless, the taxonomic knowledge of this genus in Brazilian flora is scarce, moreover considering its species that occur in the central part of the country. Based on usual methods, the taxonomic study of Aeschynomene in the state of Goiás. This taxonomic study resulted in the registration of 25 species, one of them new to science (A. veadeirana Silva M. J. & Antunes L. L. C.), nine new occurrences, three synonymizations, and one lectotypification. This dissertation reveals the diversity of Aeschynomene in the state of Goiás and furnishes information to understand the infrageneric and evolutionary relationships in the genus.Item Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Manihot Mill. (Euphorbiaceae, Crotonoideae, Manihoteae) com folhas inteiras, não lobadas ou curtamente lobadas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-07-12) Inocêncio, Laís de Souza; Alonso, Alexandre Antônio; http://lates.cnpq.br/7370508494557284; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lates.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Sales, Margareth Ferreira de; Dias, Heleno Ferreira; Silva, Marcos José da; Rezende, Maria Helena; Nogueira, Ina de SouzaEuphorbiaceae is the largest family of Malpighiales and one of the largest of Angiosperms encompassing 246 genera and approximately 6,000 species in the tropics, where Brazil stands out with 64 and 941 representatives, respectively. Manihot Mill. belongs to the subfamily Crotonoideae, tribe Manihoteae, consists of over 100 species, 66 of them endemic to Brazil, besides being one of the genera that has the most complex taxonomy in the family, since it presents conserved floral morphology and diverse vegetative morphological variation. In this genus, there are several leaf morphological patterns, one of them represented by species traditionally allocated in the sections Brevipetiolatae Pax and Peltatae Pax, which, although not monophyletic, include plants easily recognized by the leaves entire, sessile to petiolate, with blade not lobed or shortly lobed. These species are little and/or poorly known, have classification problems, inaccurate geographical distribution, non-evaluated conservation status, and they have not been studied for at least 40 years. This master’s dissertation aimed to review the taxonomy of species of Manihot with leaves entire, unlobed, or shortly lobed applying usual methods of plant taxonomy. As the results of this dissertation, we present four articles, which have been standardized according to the journals where they have been or are going to be published. The first article is a taxonomic revision of the aforementioned species, in which 17 taxa were recognized, three of them new to science (Manihot allemii, M. fallax, and M. scandens), as 12 lectotypifications and a synonymization were performed. In addition to the description of the species, it shows photographs and illustrations for some of them, as well as comments about its morphological relationships, conservation status, period of flowering and fruiting, and distribution maps. The second, third, and fourth articles bring descriptions of three new species, one of them already published and the other two already accepted for publication. Our results provide systematic, ecological, and evolutionary knowledge of the genus Manihot, especially the species studied, and also offer support to other similar studies of the genus.Item Filogenia e revisão taxonômica de Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (leguminosae, caesalpinioideae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-25) Mendes, Thainara Policarpo; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Perez, Ana Paula Fortuna; Mansano, Vidal de FreitasFilogenia e Revisão Taxonômica de Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). Leguminosae com cerca de 751 gêneros e 19.500 espécies, principalmente tropicais, é a terceira maior família de Angiospermas e a mais numerosa da flora brasileira com 770 gêneros e 2756 espécies. Caesalpinioideae, uma de suas seis subfamílias, compreende 4.400 espécies e 148 gêneros, entre os quais se destaca Chamaecrista Moench como o segundo maior deles, depois de Mimosa L., com 330 espécies, 266 e 260 delas presentes nas Américas e no Brasil, respectivamente. Este gênero compreende seis seções, sendo Absus a mais diversa, com cerca de 180 espécies alocadas nas subseções Absus, Adenophyllum, Baseophyllum e Otophyllum. A subseção Absus engloba 31 séries, entre as quais, Paniculatae, que é reconhecida principalmente pelas folhas com 2–11 pares de folíolos, grandes (1,5–9,3 × 1,2–9,5 cm compr.), divaricados e coriáceos com nervuras secundárias e terciárias proeminentes em ambas as faces, por seus ramos jovens, eixos da inflorescência, face externa do cálice e, ou frutos viscosos, além de flores assimétricas com distintos padrões de assimetria e arranjadas usualmente em panículas. Esta série possui seis espécies (12 táxons), algumas das quais polimórficas, com variedades, problemas de tipificação e escassamente ilustradas, além de pouco conhecidas quanto a distribuição geográfica e status de conservação. São apresentados um estudo filogenético e a revisão taxonômica de Chamaecrista ser. Paniculatae. Como resultados desses estudos essa dissertação segue estruturada em quatro capítulos. O primeiro trata da reconstrução filogenética da série baseada nas regiões trnL-F (cpDNA) e ITS (nrDNA) por meio dos métodos de Máxima Parcimônia e Inferência Bayesiana. Recuperamos Paniculatae como parafilética, mas a sugerimos como um táxon monofilético “Clado Paniculatae”, que compreende 14 espécies, com a exclusão de C. lundii e a inclusão de C. crenulata em seu conceito. Este artigo apresenta também: a) datação molecular da série que aponta para a mesma uma origem por volta de 4,1, milhões de anos e três subclados (1,2 e 3) geografica e geneticamente estruturados e com morfologias peculiares, b) a posição filogenética dela em Chamaecrista, e c) suas relações morfológicas e biogeográficas com congêneres, além de suas prováveis sinapomorfias, que são, as folhas com folíolos divaricados, a inflorescência do tipo panícula e as flores com a pétala posterior semelhante a um estandarte. O segundo artigo trata da revisão taxonômica de Paniculatae que com a sua nova circunscrição, passa a compreender 14 espécies, as quais seguem descritas, contrastadas por meio de uma chave, comentadas e mapeadas quanto as suas distribuições geográficas, ambientes preferenciais, status de conservação, relações morfológicas, períodos de floração e frutificação, além de ilustradas e fotografadas em seus principais caracteres diagnósticos. Neste manuscrito, apresentamos ainda sete lectotipificações e duas espécies novas, C. tocantinensis Mendes & M.J. Silva e Chamaecrista sp., a primeira já publicada. O terceiro e quarto capítulos tratam da descrição de duas novas espécies, uma das quais (C. tocantinensis Mendes & M.J. Silva) já publicada, e a outra a ser enviada a publicação. Ambos os artigos seguem escritos nos moldes formais para artigos de sua natureza, porém o quarto consta ainda de fotografias e de uma chave de identificação das espécies do gênero até então citadas para o estado de Tocantins, incluindo, 10 novos registros.Item A tribo Microlicieae Triana (Melastomataceae) no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-12-20) Neres, Danielle de Oliveira Diniz; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Alonso, Alexandre Antônio; Ferreira, Heleno Dias; Ribeiro, Dalva Graciano; Rezende, Maria HelenaMelastomataceae has pantropical distribution and is one of the largest families of Myrtales, with 5105 species, 170 genera, ten tribes and two subfamilies (Olisbeoideae Burnett and Melastomatoideae Seringe). It includes plants with leaves opposite, usually exstipulate and with acrodromous venation, flowers epigynous or perigynous, 4–6-meras, with androecium diplostemonous, anthers poricidal and expressive connectives, appendaged or not, and capsular fruits or berries. In Brazil, it emerges as the ninth richest taxon, with 67 genera and 1373 species. Microlicieae, one of the tribes of this family, encompasses 250 species, 203 present in Brazil, and seven genera (Chaetostoma DC., Lavoisiera DC., Microlicia D. Don, Poteranthera Bongard, Rhynchanthera DC., Stenodon Naudin, and Trembleya DC.), easily recognized by flower and fruit characters. The taxonomy of Microlicieae lacks studies, especially in the Midwest Region of Brazil, where its representatives are generally cited in floristic listings. The mountainous areas in this region display high endemism and species richness such as in Chapada dos Veadeiros, in the north of the state of Goiás. In turn, it includes the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP), one of the largest Units of Conservation in Brazil, with 67,000 hectares, covered predominantly by the Cerrado biome, but the flora still little known there. This dissertation aimed to perform the taxonomic treatment of the tribe Microlicieae in the CVNP using the current methodology of plant taxonomy. As our results, we present four articles. The first one corresponds to the taxonomic treatment of Microlicieae and includes commented descriptions and illustrations of 30 species distributed in the genera Microlicia D. Don. (18), Trembleya DC. (4), Chaetostoma DC. (3), Lavoisiera DC. (1), Stenodon Naudin (1), and Rhynchanthera DC. (1). Among the species found, four are new to science, one is a new record in the state of Goiás and belong to the genus Microlicia, three (M. crebropunctata Pilg., M. melanostagma Pilg, and T. debilis Glaz.) can be considered rare, and the other ones are commonly found in the state of Goiás. The other three articles, written following the traditional model, deal with the description of new species. The studied taxa grow in cerrado sensu stricto or rupestre, near water bodies or not, or in open humid fields (grasslands). The present results corroborate the floristic richness of the CVNP and highlight the importance of its conservation, since the taxa of Microlicieae found there correspond to 70% of the total ones cited for the state of Goiás.Item Estudo taxonômico do gênero senecio sensu stricto (asteraceae-senecioneae) para o estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-24) Oliveira, Cellini Castro de; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Lombardi, Julio Antonio; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Noqueira, Ina de SouzaSenecio stricto sensu has about 1,000 species distributed predominantly in mountainous areas of the world. This genus is particularly diverse in South America, where are found about 500 species. In Brazil, Senecio s. s. is represented by 61 species distributed predominatly in damp or swampy fields altitude of the South and Southeastern regions. The taxonomy of Senecio s. s. species occurring in Brazil is unclear and need increments, since the most comprehensive studies of the Brazilian species are outdated, especially due to the addition of new taxa and du to changes in the circumscription of the genus. This study presents a taxonomic treatment of the species of Senecio s. s. occurring in the Rio de Janeiro State of which was based on survey of literature, bimonthly collections and consultation of herbarium materials (BHCB, ESA, HB, NY, R, RB, SP, UFG and VIC). Were recorded fourteen species, two of them (S. bonariensis and S. juergensii) are new records for the state of Rio de Janeiro showing that floristic inventories in the state are still needed. A historical revision to the genus, a key to species occurring in Rio de Janeiro, as well as descriptions with taxonomic comments, geographic distribution and illustrations for them all are given.Item O gênero senna mill. (leguminosae, caesalpinioideae, cassieae) na região centro-oeste do Brasil, com ênfase nas espécies ocorrentes no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-07) Santos, Josimar Pereira; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Fortuna-Perez, Ana PaulaLeguminosae is cosmopolitan and the third largest family of flowering plants with about 727 genera and 19,325 species allocated in the subfamilies Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae. In Brazil, this family, is the most diverse with approximately 171 genera and 2,694 species, although it is poorly studied. Caesalpinioideae stands out by systematic controversial of the majority of its taxa, as Chamaecrista, Cassia and Senna members of the tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae subtribe. Senna with 350 species, 280 of which American, is a monophyletic genus and very little known taxonomically, especially in Brazil, where it is represented by 80 species. Motivated by the limited taxonomic knowledge of the Brazilian species of Senna and the attractive and intriguing morphology of its taxa, this dissertation aimed to: 1) to perform a taxonomic synopsis of the genus Senna in the Midwest Region, in order to elucidate its diversity in the region in question, as well as subsidizing floristic and taxonomic study considering the family Leguminosae, and 2) to execute a taxonomic study of the species Senna occurring in Goiás aiming to contribute to the systematic of the genus, as well as, with the knowledge of floristic diversity of the Goiás state. Both studies were based on usual methods in plant taxonomy. In the first study were found 75 taxa belonging to 36 species, four subspecies and 35 varieties, with Mato Grosso and Goiás with 26 and 25 species respectively, the states where the genus showed more rich, followed by Mato Grosso do Sul and District Federal District with 23 and 18 species each. In the second study we have found 25 species, 4 subspecies and 22 varieties, being Senna pilifera var. tubata, S. silvestris var. guaranitica, S. splendida var. splendida and S. splendida var. gloriosa new records to the state, while S. latifolia and S. spinescens although cited for Goiás, were excluded of this study because their distributions correspondig with the current limits of the State of Tocantins. For both studies are presented identification key, illustrations with diagnostic characters for recognizing of the taxa, and comments about ecology and geographical distribution of the same. In addition, in the second study, are provided comments about morphological relationships among taxa.Item Zygnematophyceae (Streptophyta) no perifíton de lagos urbanos do município de Goiânia, Go(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-24) Silva, Francielle Karla Lopes da; Fonseca, Bárbara Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2058203250125023; Felisberto, Sirlene Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6239279166243046; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524Urban ponds comprise habitats with a great diversity biotic and abiotic. This study aimed at analyzing the community structure of Zygnematophyceae algae in the periphyton of nine urban eutrophic ponds from Goiânia, GO. Samples were collected in August 2014, in the littoral zone. Periphyton was collected from two different substrates, macrophyte petiole (epiphyton) and pebbles (epilithon). Altogether 49 Zygnematophyceae taxa were recorded, distributed in two orders, five families and 13 genus. The highest chlorophyll a value was reported at Beija-flor Pond (2.9 μg cm-2), while the smallest one at Jardim Botânico Pond (0.8 μg cm-2). The epilithon presented a relatively higher mean value (2.4 μg cm-2) when compared to epiphyton (1.5 μg cm-2), although no statistical difference were reported between the substrates (W = 51.0; p = 0.148). Among taxonomic classes, Cyanobacteria contributed most to periphyton density (6.0 × 106 ind cm-2) especially in the epilithon, representing from 70 to almost 100% in some ponds. The class Bacillariophyceae had the second highest contribution, followed by Chlorophyceae. Based on frequency of occurrence, most taxa were classified as rare, being present in less than 20% of the samples. Only Cosmarium tenue and Mougeotia sp. 3 were classified as common. The average Zynematophyceae density was 6.2 × 103 ind cm-2, representing 0.82% of the periphytic community in the epiphyton and 0.02% in the epilithon. Most taxa reported here have been cited by literature in eutrophic habitats, and may be used as biological indicators (e.g., Staurastrum volans, Pleurotaenium trabecula var. trabecula, Closterium acutum var. variabile. Some ponds with relatively high nutrient values (e.g., Flamboyant pond) also presented higher diversity, which can be explained by these taxa tolerance to their local environments.Item Estudos taxonômicos sobre Croton sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) no Brasil, com ênfase nas espécies ocorrentes na região Centro-Oeste(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-25) Sodré, Rodolfo Carneiro; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Perez, Ana Paula Fortuna; Sales, Margareth Ferreira deEuphorbiaceae Juss. comprises one of the most diverse lineages of phanerogams with 6300 species and 246 genera distributed mainly in the tropics, of which 949 and 64 occur in Brazil, where the family is represented in all biomes. Among its genera, Croton L. stands out by having a Pantropical distribution, have more than 1200 species, 300 of which are present in Brazil, and subdivided into 4 subgenera and 31 sections. Among the sections of the genus, C. sect. Geiseleria stands out as one of the three largest with 80 species distributed from the United States to Argentina, of which 50 are present in Brazil. Although Croton is the most studied genus of Euphorbiaceae in Brazil, species of Geiseleria are usually known only from their original descriptions or by scarce collections, many of them with mistaken identifications, besides having problems of typification and lack of illustrations. The objective of this study was to study the taxonomy of Croton sect. Geiseleria occurring in Brazil, with emphasis on those present in the Midwest region. The results are presented in seven chapters, drafted according to the norms of the journal where they were or will be published. The first relates to a taxonomic synopsis of the section Geiseleria for Brazil, in which 50 species are accepted, among which five are new to science (C. macrosepalus, C. ramosissimus, C. rhodotrichus, C. uliginosus and Croton sp. nov.) and four are transferred to the section (C. carinatus, C. catariae, C. spica and C. suavis) based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. In this manuscript are proposed 27 synonimizations, 75 lectotypes and a neotipification, as well as the reestablishment of C. aberrans and C. gracilescens, previously considered under C. hirtus and C. antisyphiliticus, respectively. The species of this article are contrasted in a key, commented on the geographical distribution, ecology, conservation status, morphological characterization, illustrated in their diagnostic characters and photographed. The second manuscript corresponds to the taxonomic treatment of the group for the Midwest region, where 32 species are recognized, of which five are new occurrences for the studied area (C. adenodontus, C. asperrimus, C. hadrianii, C. parodianus and C. sipaliwinensis). This manuscript has descriptions, comments about geographic distribution, ecology and morphological relationships, as well as illustrations, photographs and geographic distribution maps of the species. The chapters three to six deal with the descriptions of the new species, three of them already published and the last one submitted. The seventh manuscript is about the rediscovery of C. hadrianii, a species not recognized since 1873, but has here his complemented description, besides being first shown, photographed in nature, and commented about its distribution, flowering and fruiting, conservation status and morphological characterization.Item Filogenia, biogeografia e revisão taxonômica de Chamaecrista Sect. Absus subsect. Absus Ser. Rigidulae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-04-25) Souza, Alessandro Oliveira de; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Perez, Ana Paula Fortuna; Simon, Marcelo FragomeniLeguminosae is the third largest family of plants, encompassing about 751 genera and 19,500 species distributed in the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae. In its current circumscription, Caesalpinioideae comprises about 171 genera and 2,250 species Chamaecrista, the largest genus, has about 340 species (257 in Brazil, from which 208 are endemic) with Pantropical distribution and is subdivided into six sections, among which Absus is the richest, with about 180 species distributed in the subsections Absus, Adenophyllum, Baseophyllum, and Otophyllum. The subsection Absus comprises 31 series, among which Rigidulae, with 24 Brazilian species, stands out due to the conserved floral morphology and diverse aspects of growth, and also because it is paraphyletic and has not been revised since 1982. In this dissertation we aimed to reconstruct the historical evolution of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae and review the taxonomy of its species applying usual techniques in taxonomy and molecular phylogeny. The results are presented as seven articles standardized according to the journals where they have already been or will be published. The first article presents the phylogeny and biogeography of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae based on the regions trnL-F and trnE-T (cpDNA) and ITS (nrDNA), the polyphyletism of the group, and its redefinition to a monophyletic group herein called Clade Rigidulae after the exclusion of C. brachyblepharis and C. ciliolata and the inclusion of C. botryoides and C. sincorana. This clade originated 5My in the Highlands of Central Brazil, diversified into two main lineages, one on the Espinhaço Range (4.27 My) and the other on the Highlands of Goiás (4.17 My), and has flowers with the posterior petal similar to a banner and leaves with divaricate leaflets as synapomorphies. The second article is about a taxonomic revision of the series Rigidulae, for which 30 species have been recognized, five of them new to science (C. floribunda, C. irwiniana, C. sparsifolia, C. tenuicaulis, and C. elata sp. nov. unpublished), one new status (C. obolaria ≡ C. chaetostegia var. obolaria), four lectotypifications, three new records (one in Bahia and two in Minas Gerais), illustrations and photographs of some species, maps showing the geographic distribution, and comments about taxonomy their conservation status. Regarding the five other articles, four have already been published and present descriptions of new species or taxonomic adjustments in the genus, whereas the last one, not published yet, has the same scope. The results of this research revealed the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the series Rigidulae, as well as its richness and corroborate the diversity and endemism of Chamaecrista in the Cerrado Biome.