Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal
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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal por Por Orientador "Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron"
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Item Biologia floral e sistema de autoincompatibilidade de Bauhinia brevipes Vogel (Fabaceae), no município de Goiás, Estado de Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-23) Almeida, Elga de Fátima; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904The plant reproductive biology involves all the features (morphological, anatomical or physiological) of a species that participate in the reproduction of its individuals. The Fabaceae family is one of the most important of the Cerrado, the genus Bauhinia being one of the most diversified. Several studies with species of Bauhinia L. showed diversity in floral shapes, reproductive phenology, reproductive system and interactions with different groups of pollinators. In general, the Bauhinia species are outcrossing and have low reproductive efficiency. Bauhinia brevipes is common in the municipality of Goiás-GO and has floral features compatible with the syndrome chiropterophily: white flowers that release a strong odour overnight, producing large amounts of nectar with low sugar concentration. Flowers of B. brevipes may have reduced ovaries or anthers with low production of viable pollen, indicating that this species moves towards sexual separation in some flowers. Although the visit the bats to flowers were not seen, their flights over the plants were observed. A test of exclusion of diurnal pollinators showed the efficiency of nocturnal pollinators in B. brevipes. The flowers of B. brevipes not have herkogamy as the main factor to avoid inbreeding, but some flowers positioned above the anthers stigma were observed. The species present gametophytic selfincompatibility and therefore requires the pollinators visit to ensure pollinating pollen exchange among different and unrelated plants. Bauhinia brevipes has an average 20% of reproductive efficiency. In general, the species showed a high level of pollen limitation (0.73). The largest fruit production occurs in the middle position of the inflorescence. Most of fruit produced occurs in the median position of the inflorescence, when possibly the availability of pollen in the system is higher and resources are available for their development.Item Fluxo de pólen heteroespecífico entre espécies sincronopátricasde Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-30) Borges, João Paulo Raimundo; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Araújo , Walter Santos de; Silva , Daniel PaivaSeveral species of Psychotria L. are common in the understore of semideciduous forests of the Center-West region of Brazil. Often these species occur in sympatry and present overlap in their flowering periods. Recent studies have revealed the occurrence of pollinators sharing among synchronopatric species within the genus Psychotria, with a variation in this sharing according to the interacting species. In the present study, it was investigated whether the exchange of heterospecific pollen occurs between sympatric species and what the intensity of this flow is in comparison with the intraspecific flow. The floral synchrony and nectar production among these sympatric species of Psychotria were also verified to confirm the possibility of interspecific pollen exchange in this system. The data collection took place during the months of November and December of 2015, in a semidecidual forest in the Municipal Park Setor Santa Cruz, municipality of Catalão, GO. The collected data were: floral phenology, nectar production, reciprocity between anthers and stigma, and rate of fluorescent powder flow between species and their floral morphotypes. Our data showed that the flowering peaks were synchronous among Psychotria species, with a significant difference in the nectar production between the species, being larger and renewable after the first removal for P. nitidula, but with higher sugar concentration in P. prunifolia. In relation to reciprocity intraspecific and interspecific, there was no deviation from that expected for distal species, with the reciprocity being greater between the reproductive organs of the same species than between the reproductive organs of different species. Comparing the fluorescent powder flow, it was observed that P. prunifolia presented a higher rate of exclusive visits, while P. nitidula presented more illegitimate visits, mainly for its thrum morph, which promoted greater donation of heterospecific fluorescent powder. P. hoffmannseggiana presented low intensity of donation and reception of fluorescent powder, being all of them interspecific. Therefore, there was a greater illegitimate fluorescent powder flow among the study species than legitimate.Item Sistema sexual e polinização por mariposas em Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-31) Cavalcante, Raysa Kristine Oliveira; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Klein, Vera Lúcia Gomes; Pereira, Marlei; Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Teles, Aristônio MagalhãesThe genus Simarouba Aubl. is composed of six species with distribution restricted to the Neotropical region and with two species (S. amara Aubl. and S. versicolor A. St.-Hil) occurring in Brazil. Simarouba amara is a dioecious species, pollinated mainly by nocturnal moths, presenting sexual and asexual reproduction. Simarouba versicolor is a species that occurs frequently in sympatry with S. amara in Cerrado environments; but nothing is known about its reproductive biology. In this way, aspects of its phenology, sexual system, reproductive success, floral biology and interaction with pollinators were studied. The study was carried out in an area of transition forest to cerrado in the municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás. The results show that S. versicolor presents annual flowering, with floral peak in August. The species is dioecious and the male individuals flower first, produce ten times more flowers than the females, showing a larger floral display. The flowers are small, pale, without nectar guides, have nocturnal anthesis, being visited by small moths at night and small bees during the day. These characteristics were also verified in S. amara and are commonly found in dioecious species. The flowering period of both species overlaps and the pollinators sharing can occur. Simarouba versicolor presented sexual and asexual reproduction (agamospermy), with fruit formation resulted of manual cross pollination of 21%, 7% of control and 0.73% apomythic; showing lower rates than its congeneric. Future experiments that verify the occurrence of pollinator sharing and hybridization between these two species are suggested.Item Simarouba amara aubl. (simaroubaceae): estudo da biologia reprodutiva e suas variaçoes fenotípicas em áreas distintas do cerrado do Brasil Central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-23) Ferreira, Indiara Nunes Mesquita; Silva, Daniel Paiva; http://buscacv.cnpq.br/buscacv/#/espelho?nro_id_cnpq_cp_s=1409353191899248; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://buscacv.cnpq.br/buscacv/#/espelho?nro_id_cnpq_cp_s=8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Helder Nagai; Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo eAbstract: Simarouba amara Aubl. is a dioecious species belonging to the family Simaroubaceae. Its occurrence is recorded from the wetlands of Costa Rica in Central America to the Center-West region of Brazil. It can reach up to 35 m high in the Amazonia Forest, where its occurrence may be very common. The great majority of the studies on the species refer to the pharmacological aspects inherent to the metabolic compounds present in the species of the family Simaroubaceae. There are also other approaches on their application in reforestation of degraded areas, and the commercial use of wood. However, studies on their reproductive biology are scarce. It is known that its sexual system is dioecious, which makes it depends on vectors to promote the flow of pollen between the individuals of different sexes. However, its system of pollination is still unknown. Studies suggest that in its wide distribution, the species presents phenotypic variations according to its environment of occurrence. The Cerrado is composed of a mosaic of vegetation submitted to differences in climate, relief and soil, which may favor the expression of phenotypic plasticity in some species. In this sense, the aim of this dissertation was initially to investigatethe reproductive biology of S. amara, involving aspects of floral biology, phenology, sexual and pollination system. In addition, we sought to investigate whether the species presents phenotypic variations in its morphology and reproductive system in distinct environments of the Cerrado, such as forest and cerrado sensu stricto. Therefore, the dissertation was structured in two chapters: in the first, the reproductive biology of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) was investigated in Semideciduous Forest of Central Brazil. In the second chapter, the variations in the reproductive biology of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) was analysed in the environment of Semideciduous Forest and cerrado sensu stricto.Item Interação planta-polinizador em espécies sincronopátricas de psychotria (rubiaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-19) Mesquita Neto, José Neiva; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Almeida Neto, Mário; Consolaro, Hélder NagaiPlant-pollinator interactions in syncronopatric species of Psychotria (Rubiaceae). Psychotria species are commonly found in the understory of forested areas in tropical regions, and are important components for the functioning of these ecosystems. Many species of the genus are sympatric and bloom during the same period, being considered potentially syncronopatrics. For this reason, this genus has been considered as a good model to infer general patterns and mechanisms of speciation in the tropics. In the first paper of this dissertation, the interactions between potentially sympatric species of Psychotria and their pollinators were analyzed in order to verify the possible existence of sharing, specialization or generalization of pollinators and plants in the analyzed system. Then, data of secondary studies that contained identifying pollinators of Psychotria were analyzed From these data, we generated graphs and analyzes of interaction networks and niche overlap. Altogether, nine species of Psychotria and 25 species of pollinators of occurrence in the Atlantic Forest were included in the analyzes. The plant with the most generalist network is Psychotria tenuinervis and the pollinators with the highest proportion of links and consequently with more important role in the network belonged orders Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Psychotria species showed niche overlap in pollination and pollinator sharing. The period of greatest intensity of flowering coincided with the rainy season in the Atlantic Forest, with up to seven species coflowering. Because Psychotria species occur in sympatry and have flowering overlap and asymmetric interactions with flower visitors, it is possible that they are involved in a process of facilitation in pollination. The second paper aimed to investigate if four sympatric populations of Psychotria show pollinators sharing and pollination niche overlap . Another objective was to determine if their flowering season are synchronics. We found a dual synchrony in this system, the first in the intensity of flowering among the populations of Psychotria and the second in the increase of the abundance of flowers and pollinators. The species of Psychotria showed sharing fundamental niche of pollination and positive impact on reproductive success. However, we note that the sharing of pollinators can not be generalized to the entire system, but to the modules or pairs of species. Thus, each species of Psychotria has one or more species of preferential pollinator for sharing and that this relationship is not always reciprocal. This reinforces that the interactions among the plant species are asymmetric.Item Efeito do tamanho da área nativa na reprodução de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure, 1867 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-05) Oliveira, Grayce Kelly da Costa; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Antonini, YasmineFragmentation of native vegetation implies in reduction of local species richness and abundance, increase the isolation of populations, leading to local species extinction. In fragmented areas, food and nesting resources for bees and wasps are unevenly distributed, which ultimately influences their foraging pattern behaviour, reproductive success, and survivorship. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the size of areas of native vegetation remnants interferes with the reproductive success of a species of solitary wasp Trypoxylon lactitarse Saussure (1867), a recognized species of pollinator. Therefore, we set trap nests in the edges of different sizes forest fragments in the region of Goianápolis-GO, Hidrolandia-GO and surrounding municipalities. In these preexisting cavities, we quantified the foundation rate, the average number of cells with larvae, the survival of larvae, and adults hatched and size. In this work, the foundation rate was higher in larger fragments. However, the average number of cells per nest, the survival rate of larvae, and the size of the hatched adults did not differ between large and small areas. These results show that the size of the fragments may have higher influence on survival and retention of adults than in larvae.Item A influência dos polinizadores na reprodução de Phaseolus vulgaris(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-28) Ribeiro, Paula Louredo Moraes; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; Carvalheiro, Luisa Mafalda Gigante RodriguesThe present work evaluated whether pollinators interfere in the production of fruits and seeds of Creole cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in organic cultivation. Eight cultivars were observed in the years 2017 and 2018. The study was carried out at Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, municipality of Hidrolândia - Goiás, where only organic foods are produced. In the year 2017, in five cultivars were randomly marked 15 individuals, while all other cultivars had 30 individuals randomly selected. In each plant chosen, an inflorescence had flower buds counted and isolated with an organza bag, while another inflorescence of the same plant also had flower buds counted, marked with plastic seals and left free for the visit of the pollinators. The parameters evaluated were the number of pods and seeds produced and the total weight of these seeds per plant. In order to verify the effect of the treatments on the production of pods and seeds, for each bean cultivar, Mixed General Linearized Models (GLMM) were used assuming the negative binomial distribution. To evaluate whether treatments affect seed weight, Mixed General Linearized Models (GLMM) like those described above were used, but assuming gamma distribution. All the statistical analyzes were carried out on the R platform. The quantity and viability of the pollen grains was observed in 30 flower buds of each cultivar studied in the year 2018. The amount of pollen and pollen viability was high in all studied cultivars, indicating the importance of pollination to produce bean seeds. According to the GLMM analyzes, in the year 2017, three cultivars presented higher pod and / or seed production in the treatment of the non-bagged inflorescences. In the year 2018, another four cultivars also presented the same result, suggesting that these cultivars have greater reproductive success with the visit of the pollinators.Item Biologia reprodutiva do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) e influência das abelhas nativas na produção dos frutos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-16) Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Santos, Mirley Luciene dos; Portes, Tomás de Aquino; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Pereira, Marlei Fátima; Franceschinelli, Edivani VillaronPollinators provide an essential service to the ecosystem and bring numerous benefits to society, through its role in the production of food in agriculture and the conservation of biological diversity. In tomato, anthers are poricidal, thus the release of pollen grains requires the presence of pollinators that vibrate these anthers. Thus, pollinators of tomatoes are actually bees that perform buzz pollination. Here, we observed aspects of floral biology, quantity and viability of pollen grains and ovules, and pollinators behavior and richness. To evaluate the effects of pollination in the amount of pollen on the stigmas, we selected 37 plants and bagged an inflorescence and let another available to pollinators. Each marked inflorescence had three stigmas removed the pollen grains on their surfaces were quantified. For comparison of fruit production, fruit development were followed in inflorescences bagged and not bagged for 40 days, and then the fruits were counted, weighed, measured, and had their seeds counted. The anthesis is at 6:30 am. The flower remains open until 6:00 pm, closing and reopening in the next day at the same time, lasting up to 73 hours. The greatest amount of pollen in the anther is in the early hours of the flower opening, with reduction and stabilization of the number of pollen grains around noon, coinciding with increased pollinator visitation. We found 25 species of bees in pollinating tomato crops. The abundance of bees coinciding with hours of availability and depletion of pollen suggests efficient removal of pollen from the anthers by the native bees The amount of pollen on the stigma of flowers available to pollinators was higher than on the stigma of bagged flowers. Fruit production was higher in open inflorescences than in bagged inflorescences. Native bees pollinate tomato flowers, increasing the pollen load on the stigma and fruit production.Item Biologia reprodutiva do maracujá brs pérola do cerrado: um estudo de caso com Passiflora setacea DC. Passifloraceae(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-23) Teixeira, Tamara Poliana de Oliveira; Silingardi, Helena Maura Torezan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2182008344375195; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Hélder; Mello, Carlos deThe genus Passiflora includes several wild species that present the potential to be inserted in the market, Passiflora setacea is one of these. Therefore, the study of the reproductive biology of the same was carried out in the Cerrado area of Fazenda Vale do Tamanduá, in the municipality of Aragoiânia in the state of Goiás. In order to analyze the phenology, floral biology, determine the reproductive system, verify visitors And ensure that the flowers undergo predation and whether this fact interferes with the fruiting process. The cultivar blooms year-round, producing fruits with greater intensity in August. Its flowers have characteristics that include it in the chiropteraphilia syndrome, such as white flowers, high nectar production and nocturnal anthesis (18h). The nectar is available only one hour after the anthesis and its production ranged from 135 to 485 microlitres, with a concentration of 18 to 28%. Passiflora setacea is self incompatible, although its self-incompatibility index (0.26) shows compatibility, this value is very close to the autocompatible species (0.25), so the Kruskal-wallis test showed self-incompatibility for the species. The analysis of the fruits of the self-pollination and cross-treatments revealed that there are significant differences in relation to total weight, pulp yield, seed number, transverse and longitudinal length. In relation to the nocturnal floral visitors, Glossophaga soricina was considered the pollinator due to the presence of pollen grains in its coat and among the daytime floral visitors are bees, wasps, flies and birds. Apis melífera and Trigona spinipes were the most frequent species, presenting pillage behavior, these make illegitimate visits, stealing pollen from the flowers, including pre-anthesis buttons. The birds Eupetonema macroura, Coereba flaviola and the bee Xylocopa grisescens, despite not having frequent visits, were considered to be potential diurnal pollinators due to the fact of making legitimate visits, that is, they contact the reproductive structures during the collection of nectar. The flowers of Passiflora setacea were herbivory mainly by T. spinipes that degrade the hipant of the flower and consequently the nectariferous disk and Icterus jamacaii, that destroys every flower, including the reproductive structures. The results show that although these flowers are damaged, their fruits do not have statistical differences when compared to undamaged flowers