Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
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Navegando Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA) por Assunto "Cagaiteira"
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Item Estrutura genética e sistema de cruzamento em Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Mvrtaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-28) Barbosa, Ana Clara de Oliveira Ferraz; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, Karina; Figueiredo, Lúcio Flávio de Alencar; Chaves, Lázaro José; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThe genetic structure of a species corresponds to the amount of genetic variability and its distribution within and among local populations and individuals. The patterns of variability among individuals in a local population are highly dependent of mating system. The goal of this study was to evaluate the mating system, the diversity and genetic structure in populations of E. dysenterica in local and regional scale. The assessment of the mating system and the analysis of genetic structure at the local scale were performed in a population of Mimoso – GO and for the analysis of genetic structure at the regional scale were analyzed 23 natural populations of E. dysenterica derived from six Brazilian states (Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Piauí). For all studies seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were used. Considering the 20 families analyzed, the multilocus outcrossing rates (tm = 0.918) and single locus (ts = 0.797) were high and significant. From a total of 399 seeds evaluated, it was possible to determine the pollen donor to 218 seeds (55%) with confidence level of 90%, 174 seeds (44%) with confidence level of 95% and 65 seeds (16%) with confidence level of 99%. In 15 families evaluated were possible to verify the occurrence of multiple paternity, with the number of pollen donor per fruit ranged from one to three. The results presented show that the species E. dysenterica presents mixed mating system and that there is multiple paternity in this species. The intrapopulational spatial genetic structure was positive (R2 = 0.01646, p < 0.001), which was expected since species generally have spatial restriction to disperse. The spatial genetic structure was significant (Sp = 0.0143) and genetic neighborhood (Nb) was equal to 69.93 km. On average, about 30 individuals were analyzed by subpopulation for all loci. The average number of alleles per locus was equal to 9, the genetic diversity was high (0.725) and the observed frequency of heterozygotes (Ho) was 0.610. Were found 18 private alleles in 10 subpopulations. The results for the fixation index ((f) in the subpopulations ranged between -0.058 and 0.338, with an overall value of 0.162, indicating excess of homozygotes in relation to the expected under HWE. The genetic differentiation between subpopulations can be considered relatively high (FST = 0.161). The Mantel test indicates that the genetic divergence of 24 subpopulations evaluated is structured in geographic space (r = 0.427, p < 0.001), suggesting that the model of isolation by distance or stepping-stone are adequate to explain the spatial pattern of genetic divergence among subpopulations of E. dysenterica evaluated.Item Variabilidade e divergência genética de caracteres quantitativos e marcadores neutros em populações de Eugenia dysenterica DC(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-16) Novaes, Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Chaves , Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Chaves, Lázaro José; Zucchi, Maria Imaculada; Grattapaglia, Dario; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Ganga, Rita Maria DevósGenotypic variations knowledge is an important tool that can point to the best approach for genetic resources maintenance, for both conservation and breeding purposes. To analyze and compare the phenotypic and genetic variation of wild subpopulations of Eugenia dysenterica DC., a fruity tree, 25 subpopulations were sampled in five states of the Brazilian Cerrado. Within each subpopulation, six trees were sampled and twenty fruits (maternal siblings) collected. Five fruits of each family were evaluated for morphometric variables of fruits and seeds. Twenty seeds of each family were randomly sown in each one of four blocks, five seeds per plot, established in a common garden experiment. Hierarchical model analysis of variance and variance components estimation were performed for fruit, seeds and early development traits and QST were estimated for early development traits. Four individuals per family were genotyped using nine microsatellite loci. Significant phenotypic and genotypic variations were observed both between subpopulations and between families within subpopulations. The highest proportion of the variance was found among families. Heritability estimates were 0.23 and 0.27 for growth rate and number of leaves and greater than 0.34 for other traits, indicating high potential for selective gain. Rapid early development is important for seedlings commercial production. Above ground biomass represented 15% of total biomass. Subpopulations are significantly structured for root length, height and diameter growth rates (QST 0.34, 0.23 and 0.20), but weak structure was establish for biomass and seedling emergence (QST <0.04). It has high genetic diversity, with average expected heterozigosity of 0.642. The mating system was mainly outcrossing (ta = 0.73), with high genetic differentiation between subpopulations (θP = 0.198), similar to previous studies. QST - FST contrasts were not significant for sixteen out of eighteen traits, suggesting genetic drift as the main source of phenotypic differentiation. Even though seedling emergence average time and root system fresh mass genetic similarity is granted to uniform selection. Quantitative and genetic distances clustered two distinct groups spatially structured, with respect to the Corumbá and São Bartolomeu river valley, in addition to the Chapada dos Veadeiros and Vão do Paranã region. Subpopulation 21 (Cocalinho-MT) quantitatively diverged from the two clusters. An in vivo collection of E. dysenterica was established for ex situ conservation. Genetic characterization and sampling extent suggest that the collection portrays well the cagaiteira’s wild population for selection purposes.