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Item Estudo de tratamentos com lítio no combate da reação álcali-agregado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-11) CÂNDIDO, Wilson Ferreira; HASPARYK, Nicole Pagan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932240949129648The alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) is one of the deterioration processes of concrete that most affects the structures of hydroelectric plants, concrete dams and bridges. In recent years, the efficiency of lithium based compounds to mitigate RAA has been proven in both the prevention and repair of the affected structures. With regards to treatment, the main challenge nowadays is how to ensure the adequate impregnation of concrete with the lithium solution. Given this difficulty, the objective of this research is to investigate in laboratory conditions, the efficiency of various types of treatment, using a product based on lithium nitrate. The treatments sought to prevent or minimize the residual expansion of AAR, in particular the alkali-silica reaction (ASR), already under development in the concrete and mortar. The study was divided into two stages, the first one performed in concrete prisms, from an adaptation of the Brazilian standard NBR 15577-6/2008, and the second stage in mortar bars, from an adaptation of NBR 15577-4/2008. The treatments were performed after the specimens reached a predetermined level of defined expansion: 0.04% for the concretes and 0.18% for the mortars. In the case of the concretes, the treatments were electrochemical lithium impregnation and surface saturation with lithium, in addition to their respective reference procedures (impregnation and surface saturation with water). For the mortars, the situations tested were: vacuum impregnation with lithium, total saturation in lithium, surface saturation in lithium, water immersion and wrapping in plastic film. After each exposure/treatment condition, the specimens returned to the accelerated expansion attack process in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each treatment. The results demonstrated the efficiency of the lithium based composite to mitigate the residual expansion, both in the concretes as well as in the mortars, with a different behavior depending on the conditions used. The treatment that had the best efficiency in the concrete, under the applied experimental conditions, was the surface saturation of lithium, achieving a 90% reduction in the residual values of expansions at the end of the attack (73 days), taking as reference the surface saturation condition with water. The lithium electrochemical impregnation performed was able to mitigate the residual expansions, but only up to the age of 42 days after treatment, at which time the reduction was of 50%. In fact, at 73 days the expansions were similar to those of the untreated sample. All treatments with lithium performed in the mortars were able to mitigate the residual expansions at levels approaching reduction of expansion (about 87%), with the total saturation in lithium the most efficient condition.Item Avaliação do uso de terapias biológicas em pacientes com artrite reumatoide no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-09) FERNANDES, Vander; SILVA, Nilzio Antonio da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1780564621664455RA is debilitating autoimmune disease with serious physical, emotional and economic consequences, which affects about 0.5 to 1% of the adult population worldwide. Significant advances in the recognition of the pathophysiology of disease and injury mechanisms allowed the development of new treatment options with drugs that block inflammatory mediators involved in the mechanism of the disease, known as biologics. These drugs are expensive and of continuous use. They are complex to use due care and management of storage and the risk of immediate and delayed adverse reactions. These therapies are available at the Health System for 12 years, is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this drug group in the Brazilian public health system in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVES: a) analyze the effectiveness of biological therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the State of Mato Grosso, through the assessment of disease activity index DAS28-ESR b) Review the laboratory characteristics of these patients; c) examine the safe use these therapies and to describe adverse events. d) analyze the efficiency of the program dispensing of biological therapies in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: Two groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis users Pharmacy High Cost of the State Secretariat of Health of Mato Grosso (FAC / SES) or the University General Hospital. Group I included 68 patients who were already in use of biological therapies. These were assessed for disease activity at the time of inclusion in the study and asked about the historical use of biological drugs, satisfaction with access to treatment and adverse events. Laboratory tests prior to treatment were obtained retrospectively. In group II were enrolled and followed prospectively for 24 weeks, 30 patients with early use of biologic therapies. They were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24, the disease activity by DAS28-ESR, laboratory tests, satisfaction with access to treatment and adverse events. RESULTS: The groups were similar in demographic characteristics and laboratory related to rheumatoid arthritis. In group I, 80.6% of patients expressed satisfaction with the care of the FAC / SES. The average use of biological was 12.3 months, and 20.9% (14/68) reported an adverse event, all non-serious. The first medication was discontinued in 26.5% (18/68) of patients, 55.6% (10/18) for loss of efficacy and 22.2% (4/18) adverse events. The mean value of DAS28-ESR was 3.8, and 41.2% were in remission or low disease activity, 39,7% in moderate activity and 19,1% in intense activity. In group II, 91.7% of patients expressed satisfaction with the care provided by FAC / SES. Laboratory evaluation was significant change in the conversion of ANA from 13.3% to 23.3% and anti-DNA (ds), 0 to 6.7%, but no clinical significance. The anti-CCP (2) remained positive and stable at 63.3%. There was an adverse reaction in 23% (7/30) of patients. The only suspension of the first plants were by no severe adverse event (hypersensitivity). Following the DAS28-ESR was a significant reduction in the initial mean value of 4.3 to 3.3 (p = 0.002) after 24 weeks of treatment, 60% of patients were in remission or low disease activity, 23, 3% in moderate activity and 16.7% in intense activity. The average value of ESR-DAS28 after use of the biologic group II was significantly lower than in group I (p= 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Treatment with biologic therapies in the State of Mato Grosso was effective in prospective group. The response in DAS28-ESR was significantly better in the group where the monitoring and control has been programmed with a routine test and calculate the index of disease activity were used. 2) Among the laboratory characteristics were significant conversion in the profile of autoantibodies, confirming the potential immunogenicity of these drugs inducing the formation of autoantibodies, but no clinical significance in the study group. The anti-CCP remained stable in 63% of patients (group II). 3) Biological therapies were safe. There were no serious adverse events reported. There were no reports of infection or death. The most common reason for discontinuation of the first was the loss of biological effectiveness. 4) Patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the use of biologic therapies in the State of Mato Grosso showed satisfaction with the services offered by SES / MT and the majority of users in the metropolitan area of Cuiabá. The program dispensing biological therapies showed higher efficiency when linked to a reference center for this particular type of treatment.Item Estudo da liberação in vitro de progestagênios em diferentes formas farmacêuticas usados para suporte da fase lútea no tratamento de infertilidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-05-30) FINOTTI, Marta Curado Carvalho Franco; CONDE, Délio Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8628571386803692; LIMA, Eliana Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248774319455970INTRODUCTION: The dissolution profile of a drug is an important tool for evaluating its biopharmaceutical quality. The pharmaceutical form must be guaranteed to release the appropriate quantity of the drug at the appropriate rate to assure that the therapeutic objective of the product, which is directly related to its bioavailability, will be achieved. In order to permit interchangeability between medications, quality, safety and efficacy must first be guaranteed. Failure to comply with these conditions may result in therapeutic failure. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dissolution profile of the principal pharmaceutical forms of progestogens available on the market in Brazil for luteal phase support in infertility treatment. METHODS: A laboratory study was developed and conducted in the Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory of the School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). The following formulations were evaluated: coated tablets of dydrogesterone, micronized progesterone in the form of soft gelatin capsules produced by two different pharmaceutical companies (product A and product B) and a gel form. The study also included suppositories and ovules from three compounding pharmacies. Evaluation was made using physical and physicochemical tests and in vitro release assays. In the case of the pharmaceutical preparations in the form of soft gelatin capsules, dissolution kinetics and dissolution efficacy were also determined in addition to the profile of the preparation. The products with the same pharmaceutical form were compared. Different equipment, a dissolution apparatus equipped with an Enhancer Cell assembly and Franz diffusion cells, were tested and also compared in an attempt to determine the best method of evaluating semisolid forms. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical software program for Windows, version 16.0. ANOVA, the Tukey test and Student s t-test were used in the comparative analysis. RESULTS: Evaluation of dydrogesterone in the pharmaceutical form of coated tablets showed the product to be in accordance with pharmacopeial specifications. The tablets were approved in the first stage of the dissolution assay, drug dissolution being above 85% at 60 minutes for all the units tested. With respect to the dissolution profile of the three batches of the micronized progesterone products evaluated (products A and B), in the form of soft gelatin capsules from different pharmaceutical companies, drug dissolution within 4 hours was 80%, i.e. all the products met the established dissolution specifications. The dissolution profiles and first-order kinetics of products A and B, which consisted of micronized progesterone in the form of soft gelatin capsules, were similar. The dissolution apparatus equipped with an Enhancer Cell assembly was found to constitute the best means of characterizing the rate and extent of release of the drug in gel form from its matrix. The in vitro release assay for micronized progesterone in the form of soft gelatin capsules conducted in the dissolution apparatus confirmed the prolonged release mechanism of the drug, which lasted for up to 72 hours. None of the ovules or suppositories from any of the compounding pharmacies evaluated met the criteria established by the regulatory agencies and official compendia with respect to the quality requirements for drugs. The dissolution profile differed between batches and between the different pharmacies investigated. Mean maximum concentrations of micronized progesterone failed to exceed 80% of the dose stated on the label. Statistically significant differences were found between batches originating from the same pharmacy and between the different pharmacies investigated. CONCLUSIONS: It was impossible to establish the interchangeability of the reference products with the compounded products tested. Further bioavailability studies and randomized clinical trials should be conducted to test the different products with the best performance in the dissolution studies conducted.Item Disposição de efluente de tratamento de esgoto industrial em solo vegetado com bambu(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) MENDONÇA, Eurivan Alves; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth, Guadua chacoensis and Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro in the treatment of the Senador Canedo Industrial District Sewer Treatment effluent. It was analyzed diary effluent slides of 176.8, 212.2, 247.6 and 353.7 mm applied in individual 200 L drums filled with regional soil (oxisoil) and vegetated with bamboo. Drums without plants served as control. The effluent treated by the containers was analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), apparent color, pH, ammonium nitrogen, phosphates, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, total solids, dissolved total solids, volatile total solids, fixed total solids and coliforms, during a five month period. The results were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System Program (SAS) through F test and Tukey-Kramer test (5% of probability). Treatment using bamboo were more efficient than control in removing BOD, COD, pH, dissolved oxygen, apparent color, total solids, fixed solids, coliforms, chlorides, turbidity, electrical conductivity, phosphates and ammonium nitrogen. Among vegetated drums, bamboos of Guadua gender were more efficient in removing BOD, COD, coliforms and volatile solids than units with D. giganteus. Application rates had no significant influence on treatment efficiencies. It was also evaluated the bamboo species under field conditions, submitted to a diary effluent slide of 353.7 mm for a period of one year. Samples of groundwater were collected to verify some resultant contamination from the effluent application. It wasn t observed groundwater contamination by applying effluent at soil vegetated with bamboo.Item Características epidemiológics e clínicas dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-29) NOGUEIRA, Patrícia Resende; RASSI, Salvador; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7236834842677715Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome in which several risk factors are involved in its genesis, making it difficult to its prevention and management. Objectives: To identify the etiology and risk factors associated with HF frequently found in patients treated in a referential clinic in the state of Goiás, to compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of these patients, to analyze the treatment used is in accordance with the established guidelines for the management of HF in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and observational study of medical records of patients with heart failure treated in 2008 at the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. The analysis through means the Chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher's exact test was used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and forms of treatment according to the main etiology of HF. The One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for quantitative variables. Results: 144 medical records of patients were analyzed, with a mean age 61 ± 15 years, 54.2% were male. Chagas cardiomyopathy was the main cause of HF (41%). Hypertension (48.6%), anemia (22.9%), coronary artery disease (19.4%), dyslipidemia (17.3%) and diabetes mellitus (16.6%) were the most frequent risk factors. There was no significance between patients of different etiologies as the ejection fraction, functional class (NYHA), diastolic blood pressure, 3rd heart sound, edema, jugular venous distension and anemia. Females had higher prevalence of hypertensive cardiomyopathy (p = 0.044). The pulmonary rales were also more frequent in this group (p <0.01). Heart rate was lower in patients with Chagas disease (p <0.001). The prescribed drugs were diuretics (81.2%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor Abstract xii blockers (77.7%), beta-blockers (45.8%), spironolactone (35.4%), digitalis (30.5%) and vasodilators (8.3%). Conclusion: Chagas cardiomyopathy was the main cause of HF. The most frequently risk factors identified were hypertension, anemia, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Patients with different etiologies of HF differed a little in clinical characteristics presented. The treatment used was shown to be consistent with the recommendations in the guidelines for HF.