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Item Avaliação da remoção de bisfenol-a por adsorção em carvão ativado produzido da borra de café(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-26) Alves, Andreia Cristina Fonseca; Oliveira, Sérgio Botelho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447406257464639; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Ostroski, Indianara Conceição; Gil, Eric de SouzaBisphenol-A (BPA) is an emerging pollutant potentially capable of interfering with the endocrine system of living things. Employed mainly in the industry, in the production of resins, packaging and polycarbonate monomers, its main sources in the environment are effluent discharges. Since the conventional treatment systems used in Brazil can’t remove a series of pollutants, the use of activated carbon is one of the alternatives fairly used for this purpose. Its production from alternative materials is becoming more and more frequent, as agroindustrial wastes, object of numerous studies of the production of activated carbon. The coffee grounds are one of these residues that has been used generating good carbonaceous adsorbents. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the activated carbon produced from the coffee grounds, in the adsorption of BPA in aqueous medium. Water vapor (CAH), KOH (CAK), K2CO3 (CAKC) and ZnCl2 (CAZn) were used as the activating agente characterized by analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), N2 adsorption and desorption, elemental composition (CHNS-O) and determination of zero charge potential. For the selection of the best coal, a preliminary adsorption test was carried out with the adsorbents produced, with the coffee grounds and a commercial coal for comparative purposes. The effect of the initial pH of the solution was also evaluated. The kinetic adsorption studies at the concentrations of 5, 20 and 30 mg/L of BPA were adjusted to the pseudo-firstorder and pseudo-second order models. The nature of the process was studied by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Among the developed coals, the CAK and CAKC presented low production yield and were not submitted to the adsorption tests. The CHNS-O, XRD, FTIR and N2 adsorption/desorption analyzes of CAH and CAZn generated results close to those reported in the literature. In terms of specific surface area, the CAH proved to be out of the expected. The CAZn had an area of 1,038.51 m²/g. Of the materials tested, the CAH didn’t present adsorptive capacity, while the CAZn was the one with the best performance, with little variation in efficiency when the pH of the medium changed. The use of coffee grounds as bioadsorbent wasn’t promising, being 86 percentage points below the efficiency of CAZn. Adsorption kinetics revealed a relatively slow process at the concentrations studied, reaching equilibrium after 720 minutes. The kinetic data for the three systems presented a fractional order close to 2, thus indicating a better fit for the pseudo-second order model. The equilibrium data were better adjusted to the Langmuir model, assuming that the CAZn has a homogeneous surface with adsorption occurring in monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity of BPA according to the same model was 123.22 mg/g. The results showed that CAZn can be considered a promising promoter in the removal of BPA, indicating coffee grounds as an alternative raw material for the production of activated carbon with the potential to remove emerging pollutants such as BPA in water.Item Avaliação da qualidade da água e do sedimento no reservatório de abastecimento público do ribeirão João Leite-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-08-25) Arantes, Andréia Gomes dos Santos; Hoffmann, Nora Katia Saavedra del Aguila; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4709330Z7; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; Carrijo, Ivaltemir BarrosThe reservoir João Leite is located upstream of the city of Goiânia (Goiás-Brazil), and has as its sole objective the public water supply to the city of Goiânia and conurbated areas. In view of the constant deterioration of the water resources along the drainage basin, it is necessary to include the sediment quality assessment in order to complement the environmental monitoring protocols. The objective of this research was to evaluate the water and sediment quality of the João Leite reservoir in the rainy season and in the dry season, with the purpose of assisting in the process of water purification that will be distributed to the population, together with other processes operation and maintenance of a water treatment plant. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sampling points during rainy and dry periods during the year 2016. In the sediments were determined grain size, pH, CTC, organic matter, oxygen consumed, total nitrogen, macronutrients, micronutrients and pesticides. The pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen were determined on the surface, medium and bottom, and the concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, total phosphorus, TOC and pesticides. Also, acute toxicity tests were performed with lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) for the sediment samples. Concentrations of atrazine, ranging from 0.166 to 0.304 μg.L-1 and from trifluralin (0.200 μg.L-1) were identified in the water samples collected during the dry season. All values found remained within the maximum values allowed by Conama Resolution 357/2005 for Class 2 fresh waters. High concentrations of total iron (190.7 and 196.5 mg.kg-1 in drought and of manganese (159.7 and 177.2 mg.kg-1 in drought and from 163 to 179.5 mg.kg-1 in the rainy season), which may alter the characteristics of water during events of destratification. The acute toxicity tests indicated that, with the bottom sediments of the João Leite reservoir sampled in the regions closest to the bus (P2 and P3), the seeds presented reduced growth, both the root and the hypocotyl. However, the presence of toxic substances has not been identified in the analysis of pesticides capable of causing harmful effects.Item Produção de materiais adsorventes para remoção de nitrato em meio aquoso(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-30) Araujo, Sara Sales de; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2178652705357657; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; Ostroski, Indianara Conceição; Scalize, Paulo SérgioNitrate contamination of surface and groundwater resources has been evident over the years, as high concentrations can cause adverse health reactions such as methemoglobinemia in newborns. In the study carried out in different Brazilian states, nitrate concentration levels above the maximum allowed for potability standards were determined, highlighted as 10mg. L-1 in the consolidation nº 5 of the Ministry of Health. In this context, there was an intensification of studies on the adsorption process using activated bichars and biosorbents, produced from agroindustrial residues to remove nitrate in aqueous medium. The use of corn cob as a precursor is favorable since the imminent generation of these residues. In this study, corncob was chemically modified with P.A. hydrochloric acid to obtain biosorbent (BS), activated biochar of oxidizing atmosphere (BCO) and activated biochar of inert atmosphere (BCI). For the prepared adsorbent materials their characteristics were determined, such as the zero charge point (pHpzc) assay which revealed for BS and BCO pHpzc 2.1, while the BCI was 6.3. In the Forrier Transform Infrared (FTIR) assay the adsorbent materials showed characteristic groups, such as carboxylic (3400 cm-1), methyl, methylene and methoxyls (2900cm-1), carbonyls (1700cm-1), aromatic rings (1600cm-1). Also, the adsorption conditions were optimized regarding the solution pH and adsorbent dosage, revealing solution pH of 2.0 for BS and BCO, and pH of 6 for BCI, and 0,75 g for BS and BCO, 1g for BCI. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were determined, and Langmuir isotherm was better adapted for BS and Freundlich for BCO and BCI. The kinetics were pseudofirst order for BS and pseudo-second order for BCI and BCO. For the materials presented, removals were 6.16 mg.g -1 for BS, 13.33 mg.g -1 for BCO and 15.54 mg.g -1 for BCI.Item Eficiência de solo vegetado com bambu barriga de Buda (Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa), família Poaceae, na remoção do hormônio 17α-etinilestradiol de um efluente sanitário(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-21) Barrero, Lullyane de Queiroz Rodrigues; Godoi, Emiliano Lôbo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8611506009093617; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Kopp, Kátia Alcione; Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Ucker, Fernando Ernesto; Hoffmann, Nora Katia Saavedra del AguilaThe endocrine disrupting compound 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), present in female contraceptives, after consumption, is eliminated by urine and goes into the sewer system. Conventional sewage treatment methods cannot properly remove such chemical which is then carried into the receiving bodies, where they are capable of mimicking, antagonizing or negatively altering steroids levels of various aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usage potential of soil covered with Buddhas's Belly bamboo (Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa) in removing EE2 from sewage. For this, 760 mL of sanitary sewage containing 2 mg EE2/L; 2.5 mg EE2/L; 3 mg EE2/L and 3.5 mg EE2/L, were applied in 10L plastic pots, with grown Buddha's Belly bamboo plants. The drained fluid from each pot was collected, measured and subjected to EE2 concentration analysis. The efficiency of EE2 load (concentration times volume) removal was calculated and the treatments were compared. The efficiency of EE2 removal was 80.22%; 87.44%; 89.65% and 95.33% respectively for sewage with EE2 concentrations of 2 mg/L; 2.5 mg/L; 3 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L. The efficiency of EE2 removal by soil covered with bamboo increased as the concentration of hormone increased.Item Remoção de fluoreto em carvão produzido com borra de café ativada quimicamente com lixívia de cinzas de eucalipto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-25) Bergamini, Mário Henrique Lobo; Oliveira, Sérgio Botelho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447406257464639; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Costa, Adilson Ben da; Albuquerque, Antonio João Carvalho deThe objective of this research was to produce a biochar from exhausted coffee grounds and chemically activate it with natural lye from eucalyptus ash to subsequently evaluate the fluoride adsorption process in an aqueous medium. The following were determined: moisture content, ash content and thermal analysis of coffee grounds; solubility, alkalinity and calcium content of eucalyptus ashes. Activated biochar was subjected to elemental composition (CHNS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), N2 adsorption and desorption, pH and potential of zero charge (PZC) for characterization. To select the best production condition for activated biochar, a 3² factorial design was performed. Kinetic adsorption studies were fitted to pseudofirst order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and Weber and Moris models. The nature of the process was studied by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The result of the factorial design indicated as the best scenario the impregnation rate of 5% and the temperature of 650 °C in the carbonization. SEM showed macroporosity. XRD confirmed the amorphous characteristic of cellulosic materials. The following functional groups were identified in coffee grounds and activated biochar: alcohol or phenol, hydroxyl, methyl, methylene, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, chlorogenic acid, ketone, carbonyl, amino, amide and pyranose ring. The pH of the activated biochar was equal to 8.89 and the PZC was 7.17. Preliminary adsorption tests showed that the best dosage of activated biochar was equal to 3.2 g/L and the concentration of adsorbate caused a decrease in resistance to mass transfer due to the fact that there were more active sites of activated biochar in the liquid medium. However, the removal efficiency decreased with increasing adsorbate concentration. It was observed that coffee grounds, when used as an adsorbent, promoted a small reduction in the adsorbate concentration, with an average removal efficiency of 1.35%. The adsorption kinetics revealed that equilibrium is reached around 800 min and that the pseudo-second order model fitted better. The Freundlich model fitted the experimental data with the best quality. Freundlich's constant n allowed inferring that the adsorption is favorable and the isotherm appears to be L-type, with an initial downward curvature, which suggests less availability of active sites when increasing the adsorbent concentration.Item Construção e aplicação de índice de salubridade ambiental em aglomerados rurais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-19) Braga, Débora de Lima; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Bezerra, Nolan Ribeiro; Cruvine, Karla Alcione da SilvaEnvironmental health is determined through the health status of a population, influenced by the socioeconomic and environmental conditions in which they live. One way to measure and analyze it is through the use of indexes and indicators. In this context, the Environmental Health Index emerged, which has been adapted to the particularities of the studied regions, losing one of the fundamentals of an index, comparability. In view of this scenario, the present study aims to propose a methodology for calculating the Environmental Health Index in rural agglomerates (ISARural) and apply it in rural communities in the state of Goiás. Based on the premise of the concept of environmental health, defined in this paper, and the specificities of rural areas. In order to achieve it, the methodology was carried out in four stages: bibliographic research to support the proposition of the concept and the elaboration of the forms used in this study; prior analysis for the proposition of an ISA Rural, with the participation of seven specialists; proposition of ISARural by the Delphi method, defined by the consensus of specialists in the previous step, starting with 168 specialists from the 27 Federative Units of Brazil; and the application in 43 rural communities (16 settlements, 21 quilombolas and 6 riverside) in the state of Goiás. ISARural was built in three stages: choosing and / or complementing the indicators suggested in the face-to-face discussion, weighting the indicators and selecting and weighting the sub-indicators. The specialists were divided by area of activity, which made it possible to select, adapt and / or create essential sub-indicators with specificity for each indicator. The proposed ISARural resulted in the composition of eight indicators, four related to basic sanitation, and the others, health, socioeconomic conditions, public services offered and housing conditions. The weight attributed to each indicator varied from 22.82%, for the water supply indicator, to 6.35% for the services indicator, and ISARural can be applied in its entirety or for the evaluation of each indicator individually. The application in rural and traditional communities in Goiás showed that 86.05% live in a situation of low health, highlighting the worst conditions for quilombola communities. In addition to identifying that the sewage component is the one that needs the most attention from the government. Finally, this study fulfilled the role of contributing to the proposition of an index in line with the concept of environmental health, which can be used within the scope of public policies as a condition for the application of priority resources, for planning and scenario general diagnosis of rural agglomerates.Item Caracterização experimental de túneis de vento para a análise de potencial eólico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-08-27) Cardoso, Flávia de Melo Ribeiro; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4538460201961283; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; Fagundes Neto, Marlipe Garcia; Vasco, Joel Roberto GuimarãesWind tunnel is an equipment used to study aerodynamics, whose main function is to provide high quality air flow in its test section. It makes possible to study the effects of air flow around various aerodynamic or non-aerodynamic models (airfoils, blunt bodies, anemometric towers, reduced models of civil structures and others). The qualities to be satisfied when using a wind tunnel are: a low level of turbulent intensity at the entrance of its test section, meaning uniformity in the speed and pressure fields and the height of the boundary layer formed along the length of the test section. The knowledge of both variables for the various ranges of use of the wind tunnel guarantees the appropriate boundary conditions for the experiments and makes it a reliable measuring equipment. For example, a high turbulent intensity can interfere considerably in the transition of the boundary layer, generating undesirable effects. Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A. acquired two wind tunnels, the purpose of which is the in-depth study of the wind power generation system. To know the characteristics of the tunnels is essential in the exchange of technical and scientific information, in the comparison of experimental results, in the extrapolation of model parameters to the real scale and in the simulation of tests in Computational Fluid Dynamics. Through experimental measures, using Pitot tubes and statistical tools such as experimental planning techniques and analysis of variance (ANOVA), the turbulent intensity of approximately 0.5% was found at wind tunnel (TV1) for speeds above 12.0m/s and for speeds below 12.0m/s, the turbulent intensity increased up to 3.5% for speeds around 5.0m/s. A method of controlling the height of the boundary layer is also presented, in order to be able to study the wind potential of a given terrain.Item Modelagem do escoamento transcrítico sob regime permanente e transiente em canais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-27) Carvalho, Thiago Pires de; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Vasco, Joel Roberto Guimarães; Soares, Alexandre Soares KeplerThe understanding of phenomena related to floods propagation along open channels, especially in artificial urban ones, is becoming increasingly important to avoid flooding and inundation as a result of intense precipitations. In this context, there is still great difficulty in computational modeling certain hydraulic phenomena, such as hydraulic jump, which may occur during a flood wave flow along channels under specific conditions that generate changes in flow regimes. Seeking a better understanding of this phenomenon, this work proposes the development of computational tools that simulate, through physique and mathematical equations, the propagation of flows that occur in the transition from supercritical to subcritical regimes, the so-called transcritical flow. Two computational models were developed for free-surface simulation. The first for the gradually varying permanent regime, through the Standard Step Method, as proposed by Akan (2011). The second one for the transient regime, based on solving the Saint-Venant equations in a hybrid way, where the supercritical curve was defined by the Finite Difference Method (explicit resolution) as proposed by Chaudhry (2007), and the subcritical curve was defined by the Preissmann Method (implicit resolution). Comparisons among the conjugate heights of each flow curve provided the flow transition point determination. These models were validated through laboratory tests, performed in an experimental channel, simulating different scenarios of transcritical flow, allowing the free-surface monitoring and measurement by means of a graduated ruler (experiments in gradually varying permanent regime) and ultrasonic sensors (transient regime). In particular, we aim at computational modeling the hydraulic jump phenomenon, an aproach of extreme importance and relevance for interventions in natural and artificial channels in order to promote controlled energy dissipation, regulating and stabilizing the propagation of floods and mitigating impacts downstream.Item A governança da água no comitê da bacia hidrográfica do rio Paranaíba(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-30) Castilho, Jefferson Henrique Morais; Kopp, Katia Alcione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1861626532483595; Teixeira, Denilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5697570214519476; Teixeira, Denilson; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Godoi, Emiliano LôboWater governance configures the establishment of processes and mechanisms by which different social groups articulate their objectives and decisions on how to manage water resources. This research aimed to analyze the contributions of the Paranaíba River Basin Committee (CBHRP) to water governance and to elucidate its weaknesses and potentialities. To this end, an investigation of the implementation process, trajectory and performance of the CBHRP and its implications for the multilevel water governance process was carried out, as well as to evaluate the water governance stage in the committee, based on the guiding principles of good governance of water resources. . From these tools it was possible to highlight the following potentialities: CBHRP is well structured, with plural, transparent participation and based on the legal provisions contained in PNRH, in addition to conducting self- assessment of its management. Among the weaknesses, we can mention: lack of integration between state and district policies, institutional fragmentation and lack of human and financial resources granted to contribute to the establishment of water resources policies; partial compliance with the principles of equity and inclusion and accountability. Given the above, it is concluded that the CBHRP, despite the weaknesses evidenced, is an effective space for mobilization and participatory practices with regard to water resources policies. It has good transparency and effective legal provisions that make up good governance of water resources.Item A dinâmica hidrográfica na região sul do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-10-23) Castilho, Mayara Paula Silva Franco; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Teixeira, Denilson; Ribeiro, Hugo JoséBrazil is a world leader concerning water resources, and for its intense agricultural production. In the state of Goiás alone, more than 26 million hectares of land is earmarked for agricultural activities, and water availability is essential for the sustainability of these activities. Because of this, physical changes in hydrography may occur as a result of the increase in agricultural production, since the implementation and maintenance of these activities require interventions such as dams, water abstraction, irrigation, and deforestation. The objective of the research is to map the changes in hydrography in the Water Resources Management Planning Units (UPGRHs) of the affluent Goianos of Baixo Paranaíba and Rio dos Bois in the last three decades and to verify if they are associated with changes in use and coverage from the soil. To identify and map this water dynamics, a computational code was developed in the Java programming language and executed within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, where the classification of the presence of water was carried out using the Landsat satellite images in the years 1987, 2007 and 2017. After mapping the hydrography for the aforementioned years, the data in the form of images were exported to a Geographic Information System (GIS) computer program, for area calculations and comparison of changes about hydrography. It was found that between 1987 and 2007 there were few changes in hydrography, already in 2017, it is possible to notice significant changes mainly to the emergence of large reservoirs. As a basis for calculating the hydrographic areas in this 30-year interval in the UPGRHs in the study area, a significant increase was observed from 505.16km² to 630.46km², in water depth, corresponding to an increase of 24.80%. Likewise, changes in land use and coverage were observed. The quality of the hydrography mapping elaborated in this research was evaluated in comparison with the mapping carried out for the same years by the MapBiomas project. By comparing the areas found by the two mappings, hydrographic omissions were identified in the MapBiomas data, ranging from 41% to 63%. This discrepancy does not invalidate the data provided by MapBiomas, since the classification methodology and area of coverage of the mapping is for the entire Brazilian territory, however, this comparison found the good quality of the mappings carried out within the scope of the research. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate that there is a relationship between changes in land use and hydrography and that these changes can be identified from images with a special resolution of tens of meters.Item Avaliação de soluções de manejo de águas pluviais baseadas na natureza em loteamento urbano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-25) Chagas, Isabela Moura; Basso, Raviel Eurico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2827247646651873; Basso, Raviel Eurico; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Swarowsky, AlexandreWorldwide urban growth is continuous, accompanied by an increase in impermeable areas. This results in a reduction of evapotranspiration and water infiltration capacity into the soil, leading to increased surface runoff and negatively impacting the environment and public health. Currently, nature-based stormwater management solutions seek to mitigate these negative impacts of urbanization. This study aimed to determine, through a hydrological model, the performance of these solutions in an urban development with a high percentage of impermeable area. Considering the literature review, municipal regulations, and design criteria, green roofs and cisterns were selected as nature-based solutions to be modeled using the SWMM software. The research was conducted in five stages, including literature review and selection of nature-based solutions, selection of the study area, acquisition of secondary data, evaluation of the hydrological performance of the proposed scenarios, and assessment of the impact on the conventional drainage system. The performance evaluation included selecting SWMM variables, designing the drainage network, analyzing input data, scenario development (isolated and combined techniques), SWMM application, and analysis and comparison of results. Ten simulations were carried out with different scenarios, including the implementation of isolated and combined techniques and variations in the degree of soil impermeability. The research investigated the behavior of green roofs and found that their implementation alone reduced surface runoff by 15.5% and peak runoff by 19.7%. The isolated cistern also contributed, but to a lesser extent, with a reduction of 8.5% in surface runoff and 4.3% in peak runoff. However, the combination of the two solutions showed a more effective synergy, achieving a reduction of 20.2% in surface runoff and 22.2% in peak runoff. The results also confirmed that the degree of impermeability of the soil is inversely related to its capacity to infiltrate rainwater.Item Relações entre precipitação, escoamento e sedimentos suspensos na bacia do Rio das Antas, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-06) Didonet, Thais Teodoro dos Santos Cordeiro; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Vasco, Joel Roberto Guimarães; Angelim, Renato Resende; Soares, Alexandre KeplerSediments transported by surface runoff and by rivers are essential components in the comprehension of changes in a river basin and the quality of aquatic systems. The high variability of rainfall events, the SSC and the relation between them produce complex behavioral dynamics difficult to interpret but the study of these aspects is a useful and frequently used tool in the quantification of impacts due to erosive and hydrossedimentological processes. The main objective of this study was to characterize and quantify the hydrological, sedimentological and granulometric characteristics of the urban watercourse of the Rio das Antas basin, located in Anápolis, Goiás, wich faces various erosion processes. Continuous monitoring of precipitation, flow rates, sediment concentrations and turbidity was performed using pluviographs, linigraphs, an automatic sampler and a laser granulometer during most of a rainy season, where samples were collected and 14 events were analyzed. Descriptive statistical analyzes, identification of hysteresis patterns, Event Mean Concentration, “first flush” phenomenon effects and grain size distribution and their relationships with precipitations and flow rates were performed. The peak concentration of total sediments reached 3,380 mg L -1 , and approximately 83% were suspended sediments. No “first flush" has been recorded in any event. The highest mean concentration observed for suspended sediments was 1,714.6 mg/m3 and the mean of the events was 1,001.3 mg/m3, values considered to be high when compared to river basin flows, where the highest was 15.49 m 3 s -1 . The maximum flow rates were determinant in the total sediment, however, the same flow range carried very different amounts of suspended sediments during the floods. This behavior suggests that the variation also depends on precipitation characteristics and sediment sources. In the hysteresis analyzes, it can be verified that these sources are located farther from the monitoring point, but are also the river itself, since the most frequent hysteresis loop was "Figure Eight" followed by the"Counter Clock-wise” type. There were complex hysteretic loops characterized by multiple peaks of flow and sediments. The size of particles carried by the flow varies throughout the rainy season. The suspended sediment particles had dimensions between 0.0019 mm and 0.990 mm being characterized as sandy silt material. The small and medium particles were more frequent in final events and larger particles occurred in the middle of the period. Finner particles were more present during the rise of the hydrograph and in the recession phase the amount of particles with dimensions between 0.2 mm e 0.6 mm increased in some events. Particles larger than 0.6 mm were not related to precipitation. It was also observed that the amount of dissolved solids decreases with increasing particle size and may indicate that larger particles have less capacity to absorb/adsorb other pollutants. It is observed that the suspended sediments vary between the events and within the same event and depends on the hydrological behavior, the characteristics of the water body and the type of monitoring.Item Análise de estimativas de precipitação por satélite e de diferentes métodos de preenchimento de falhas para a região do Sudeste Goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-12-19) Duarte, Luíza Virgínia; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Ferreira, Nilson ClementinoPrecise estimation and monitoring of rainfall occurrence patterns are essential for the modeling of hydrological systems and the planning and management of water resources in various sectors of society. Failures in data series records may compromise studies in practical applications. Advances in precipitation physics are imperative to improve numerical models and rely heavily on testing new hypotheses for actual precipitation measurements, and improved predictions are deeply intertwined with the ability to measure precipitation. In this sense, the quality of satellite precipitation products has been significantly improved in the last decades, especially with the emergence of the missions: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) that comes as a successor to the TRMM mission in order to provide better global estimates of high quality and precipitation resolution. The objective of this study was to compare precipitation estimates generated by the GPM satellite with data observed on land in order to test the effectiveness of these rainfall estimates in relation to temporal and spatial patterns and to compare these data with traditional methods of filling data for the generation of complete series of data. The methods of comparison were applied for mean rainfall in the Meia Ponte and Rio dos Bois basins of the State of Goiás for daily, monthly and annual scales, and the failure completion methods were analyzed for the same region in daily and monthly data. The results were satisfactory for the monthly and annual analyzes in the region of the two basins and the daily precipitation data, due to their greater variability, they require more studies to refine the techniques in order to obtain better results.Item Simulação computacional de escoamentos bidimensionais sobre turbinas eólicas de eixo vertical(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-31) Faria, Geovanne Silva; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4538460201961283; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; Kinoshita, Denise; Vasco, Joel Roberto GuimarãesThe Brazilian energy matrix is highly focused on hydroelectric plants, that have been affected by lack of rain and long drought periods. It’s necessary to invest on alternative kinds of energy. The wind energy is an option, since Brazil presents winds with suitable velocity for energy generation, less than 5% of the Brazilian energy power grid is composed by wind turbines. The present work aims to contribute to the alternative energy generation industry, having as objective the study and analysis of flow condition over airfoils of vertical axis wind turbines. The simulation of flow over airfoils were performed using the Pseudo-Spectral Fourier method together with the Immersed Boundary method for discretization of the spatial domain, and the Runge-Kutta method of fourth order for discretization of the time domain. Both instantaneous and mean values were recorded for the lift (Cl) and drag coefficient (Cd), as well as the fields of vorticity, pressure and velocity for the flow over the airfoils with distinctive characteristics of form and angle of attack. It is concluded that with this first experiment, by refining the mesh, the values for Cl and Cd get close to the references. Posteriorly, it was imposed the movement of rotation of one vertical axis wind turbine, and simulated the flow over this turbine blades, when it was recorded both the instantaneous and mean values of the lift, drag and power coefficient, as well as the fields of vorticity, pressure and velocity for different values of velocities of turbine rotation for the airfoils NACA 0008 and NACA 4308. It was possible to conclude by analyzing the values of power coefficient (Cp), Cl and Cd obtained through simulation with the turbines that the airfoil NACA 0008 can be utilized for energy generation, since the airfoil NACA 4308 cannot be utilized in the adopted speed ranges.Item Seleção de tecnologias de tratamento de esgoto utilizando análise multicritério(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-20) Freitas, Elaine Cristina Brás de; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3433455726987770; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; Scaratti, DirceuAmong the main causes of pollution of water bodies is the discharge of sewage without any type of treatment. To reduce this type of pollution, it is necessary to implement efficient sewage treatment systems, whether they are the responsibility of public service providers or the respective generators. The choice of sewage treatment technologies is a complex process, as they involve both quantitative and qualitative variables. Thus, to achieve the objective defined in this work, which is the selection of sewage treatment technologies using multicriteria analysis applicable in municipalities in the State of Goiás that do not have a sewage system, the Electre I method was defined, to select from among 37 sewage treatment technologies most used in Brazil, a set composed of the best technology options. For this, three scenarios were defined, and 16 criteria with technical, economic, social and environmental characteristics for scenario 1, 10 criteria for scenario 2 and 8 criteria for scenario 3. The application of the method was adequate for the selection of technologies sewage treatment. The selection for scenario 1 indicated a set consisting of 2 alternatives (anaerobic lagoon + optional lagoon + maturation pond and slow infiltration); for scenario 2 a set consisting of 5 alternatives (septic tanks, optional pond, optional aerated pond, slow infiltration and UASB reactor) and for scenario 3 a set with 3 alternatives (septic tanks, optional aerated pond and UASB reactor).Item Análise da influência do alquilbenzeno sulfonato linear (las) na agregação, sedimentação e coagulação química das nanopartículas de óxido de zinco em matriz aquosa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-10-30) Guimarães, Dáfnis Barsanulfa Vieira; Teran, Francisco Xavier Cuba; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3433455726987770; Teran, Francisco Xavier Cuba; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; Santiago, Mariangela FontesWith the widespread use of anionic surfactant alkylbezene linear sulfonate (LAS) and nanoparticles of zinc oxide (NP ZnO) it becomes probable the coexistence of both compounds in the aquatic environment, showning the importance of the present work in studying the effect of LAS in nanoparticles ZnO. This study was divided into 3 stages that consisted of analyzing the influence of LAS on aggregation, sedimentation, zero charge point (PCZ) and removal of nanoparticles in the coagulation process. The induced results that LAS influence the aggregation and sedimentation of nano-ZnO, mainly in LAS practices above 100mg / L. Sedimentation data were adjusted (R² without 0.85-0.99 interval) with a kinetic equation of first order with residual. The surfactant did not interfere significantly in the pHPCZ of the nano-ZnO, but both coagulants, ferric chloride and tannin, showed better results when the coagulation process with pH was close to the pHPCZ calculated. The presence of LAS in the suspension significantly influenced the efficiency of the coagulation process, in application of 300mg / L the removal efficiency was below the 5% evaluated at different pH and with two different coagulants. This study can contribute to demonstrate that the presence of LAS can alter the behavior of nano-ZnO and significantly reduce the efficiency of the coagulation process.Item Estimativa do potencial eólico a partir de experimento em túnel de vento utilizando placa plana de camada limite(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-21) Maia, Cássia Silva de Azevedo; Fagundes Neto, Marlipe Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6303674803792521; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4538460201961283; Mariano, Felipe Pamplona; Vasco, Joel Roberto Guimarães; Moreira, Leonardo de QueirozConcern about environmental imbalances is frequent throughout the world and investment in clean and renewable energy is increasing progressively. The assessment of wind resources becomes increasingly challenging, as it takes into account environmental parameters, such as climate fluctuations, in addition to financial expenses in feasibility studies for the construction of wind farms. For these studies, the estimation of wind potential uses numerical and experimental models as a complement to field measurements. This work refers to the experimental study in a wind tunnel made, available by FURNAS of the atmospheric boundary layer variation from an apparatus known as a flat boundary layer plate, which contains installed pressure probes and a flap mechanism installed on the trailing edge. Different combinations of angles (-10°, +10°, 0°, -20°, +20°) and velocities (6, 13, 20, 26 and 33 m.s-1 ) were made. The results obtained show that, when modifying the flap positioning angle, the boundary layer generated on the plate undergoes significant changes. When analyzing the angle separately for each speed, the boundary layer generated is significantly different for all speeds studied. The wind potential was better at high speeds and had a slight increase at negative flap angles.Item Reaproveitamento de sabugo de milho para potencial remoção de formulação comercial de glifosato em fase aquosa pela técnica de adsorção(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-30) Marcelino, Nayara Valéria Assis; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2178652705357657; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; Ostroski, Indianara ConceiçãoLike the chemical industries applied to agriculture and livestock, they develop several chemicals for use in the environment, including chemicals that can be used for endocrine disrupting activities. In this context, the use of the herbicide Glyphosate (GLF), which is among the four most used agrochemicals in Brazil (glyphosate and its salts; 2,4-D; Acephate; mineral oil) is the main used, soybean and sugar cane. The main source of exposure of glyphosate to living organisms is a water intake, since water and wastewater treatment systems are not able to remove or degrade by a complete series of synthetic organic compounds. In this situation, it is necessary to use complementary treatment methods, of which adsorption may be of technical and environmental interest, due to its efficiency and, mainly, in the versatility of raw materials used for the production of material adsorbent. Thus, the objective of this study was the reuse of corn maize through the production of biochar (BC) and activated carbon (CA), for potential removal of glyphosate herbicide (GLF) (commercial use) in aqueous medium using the technique of adsorption. The BC was subjected to only the carbonization step, while the CA was subjected to carbonization followed by chemical activation with H3PO4. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (DRX) and infrared analysis by Fourier transform (FTIR), adsorption and N2 desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determination of the zero charge potential (pHPCZ). The effect of the initial pH and the adsorbent mass was also evaluated. The kinetic studies of adsorption were adjusted to the models of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order. The nature of the adsorption process was studied using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the thermodynamic parameters calculated for the temperatures of 23, 43 and 63 ° C. The acid treatment caused an increase in the surface area (7.48 m² / g BC to 34.126 m² / g CA) favoring the formation of mesopores and had little influence on the surface loads. The adsorption of GLF proved to be highly dependent on pH and both adsorbents reached their maximum adsorption capacity at neutral pH (7.0). Both adsorbents reached equilibrium in 60 min of testing, and in just 15 min the CA reaches 93% of its maximum adsorption capacity and the BC 68%, showing a better fit to the pseudo-second model. indicating a tendency for chemical adsorption. The equilibrium data obtained experimentally, for temperatures of 23, 43 and 63 ° C, showed a better fit to the Langmuir model for the BC indicating chemisorption, and Freundlich for the CA indicating Fisissorection. Chemical activation increased the maximum adsorption capacity (Langmuir qmax) from 1.08 mg g-1 to 1.51 mg g-1 The values of the thermodynamic constants revealed that the adsorption of GLF is endothermic in nature, favored with the increase in temperature (ΔH> 0), and endergonic (ΔG> 0), indicating that the adsorption process is not spontaneous.Item Recuperação de microalgas em lagoa de maturação por meio de floculação alcalina(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-10-11) Marinho, Paulo Henrique Oliveira; Hoffmann, Nora Katia Saavedra del Aguila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1362954040022741; Hoffman, Nora Katia Saavedra del Aguila; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; Rios, Fernanda PoschThe biomass produced by microalgae can be used to various ends. Given the cost demanded to its cultivation and biomass harvest, the conventional liquid medium separation mechanisms are not viable. In face of that, alkaline flocculation, with the cultivation in wastewater, has the potential to overcome the limitations on energy and nutritional costs. The present study aimed to test the alkaline flocculation followed by sedimentation in maturation ponds from ETE Goianira (in the city of Goianira, Goiás), as well as the lipid content obtained from the generated sediment. Three different bases were used to induce pH to the desired value (NaOH, CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2) in five pH ranges (8, 9, 10, 11 and 12). Ca(OH)2 presented the best efficiencies, reaching an average >70%, although the use of this base implicated on a higher sediment volume, which may be a limiting factor. The NaOH showed efficiency >40%, producing smaller amount of sludge and, consequently, higher lipid/sedimentation ratio. During the tests, NaCO3 was not feasible to induction of alkaline flocculation. In general, the achieved efficiencies were consistent with what is presented in the literature. The efficiencies were below trials conducted with cultivation of isolated genera or species, or in a controlled environment. A total lipid of 125 and 286 mg.L-1 were extracted in the use of NaOH and Ca(OH)2, respectively. There are evidences that the presence of other microorganisms may interfere with the achieved efficiency, reducing the efficiency on the microalgae biomass recovery, but without making alkaline flocculation unfeasible. The alkaline flocculation could be used to biomass recovery in maturation pond, with margin for efficiency improvement. The method can be used as a treatment, since it seems to reduce the concentration of orthophosphates, calcium and magnesium, microalgae and other negatively charged microorganisms.Item Remoção de 17α-etinilestradiol por meio de fotocatálise em reator de leito fluidizado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-22) Martins, Fernanda Lisboa; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3433455726987770; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; Santiago, Mariângela Fontes; Cuba, Renata Medici FrayneThis work compared the efficiency of removing the 17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) through advanced oxidative processes (POA) and granular activated carbon adsorption (CAG). EE2 is a synthetic female hormone common in domestic sewage and effluent from pharmaceutical industries. This hormone is a type of emerging pollutant that causes endocrine disruption in living beings even in concentrations of nanograms order. The EE2 removal was analyzed in a prototype of a 10 L reactor, with upward flow CAG fluidized bed, using four lamps emitting ultraviolet radiation, with batch time of 2 hours in each process. Photolysis showed 5% of efficiency, while photocatalysis removed 87% of EE2. The adsorption processes in CAG and titanium dioxide immobilized at CAG removed 82 and 89%, respectively.