Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)

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    Estabilidade e potencial produtivo de linhagens de feijão-comum desenvolvidas sob fixação biológica de nitrogênio avaliadas em multi-ambientes
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-31) Caetano, João Pedro Miranda; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Vidotti, Miriam Suzane; Dias, Polianna Alves Silva; Melo, Leonardo Cunha
    Chemical nitrogen fertilization is a common practice in bean fertilization, but it is expensive and can have negative environmental impacts, as well as synthetic fertilizer not being a renewable source. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is one of the most sustainable ways of supplying legumes with nitrogen. In the last two decades, BNF has returned to the focus of common bean breeding programs, mainly by evaluating the potential of strains for BNF in various environments, with a view to recommending adapted and stable genotypes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance and productive stability of elite common bean lines of the carioca group developed under BNF. The lines were obtained by crossing the genitors CNFC10762 and the wild accession G234999A, which has a high BNF rate but few favorable agronomic characteristics. After backcrossing, the progenies that were advanced and selected under BNF were obtained. The 15 elite lines (L) obtained and three check genotypes were evaluated in six environments, made up of the combination of location/harvest/year. Two experiments were conducted in each environment, one with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen through mineral fertilizers and the other inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei without mineral nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, and the plots were made up of three three-metre rows spaced 0.5 m apart. Individual and joint analyses of variance were carried out for grain yield and the stability analysis was done using the WAASB method, which combines the predictive capacity of the BLUP mixed model with the graphical tools of the AMMI model. The effect of the L x FN interaction was significant (P<0.01), with the genotypes performing better when there was nitrogen fertilization. Among these strains, CNFC10762 and CNFC20367 had the best performance and productive stability when both N sources were considered, i.e. they have dual aptitude characteristics and are adapted to both mineral N and BNF systems. For inoculated environments, the control CNFC10762 and the genotypes CNFC20389, CNFC20367 and CNFC20379 stood out, showing the best relationship between productive performance and stability. Common bean breeding was unable to develop lines, originating from wild germplasm, that are more productive than the controls genotypes developed under an exclusive system of mineral N fertilization. The lines from this work will be indicated as progenitors to form new breeding base populations.
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    Propagação vegetativa por alporquia e otimização de protocolo de estabelecimento in vitro de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Tiago, Bruno dos Santos; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Ganga, Rita Maria Devós; Aguiar, Renata Alves de
    Hancornia speciosa Gomes, popularly known as mangabeira, is a native fruit species of the Cerrado used for food purposes and as herbal medicine. Currently, due to habitat loss and predatory extraction, there is a great demand in more studies for the conservation and use of this fruit species. The main challenge for the in vitro establishment of the species is the high number of endophytic agents (fungi and bacteria) that are present in plant tissues. This makes it more difficult to introduce plant material into the in vitro culture. This work aimed to optimize the in vitro establishment protocols in addition to carrying out vegetative propagation, via layering, generating clones of matrix plants. For the in vitro establishment of one of the varieties of the species, var. gardineri, first the fall fruits were collected in the Collection of Native Fruits of the Cerrado of the School of Agronomy at UFG. Fruits were pulped and 80 seeds were selected, which had their tegument removed and proceeded to the decontamination process. In a laminar flow chamber, two groups of seeds were separated: 40 seeds were opened and their embryos exposed, isolated and inoculated in MS culture medium; the other 40 seeds were inoculated directly in MS culture medium. To test the effect of stretching on reducing the period of development in vitro, embryos were inoculated in treatments with 0, 1, 2 and 4 μM of gibberellic acid (GA3) and later in a second experiment in MS medium with 1,0 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), with lower concentrations of GA3: 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1 μM. For the next stage, treatments were carried out to root the new shoots with indolbutyric acid (IBA) in concentrations 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg.mL-1 . The germination of the isolated embryos showed less than 5% of contamination and was 30% faster when compared to the seed. The effect of GA3 on isolated embryos allowed the plant to elongate with 0.8 μM, reaching 130 mm in 75 days, reducing in vitro cultivation by more than 100 days. In rooting, the concentration of 1 mg.mL-1 of AIB allowed more than 9 roots per plant and an average length of 54 mm. The acclimatization of the treatment plants took place on substrate with 50% sand and 50% broad red soil with commercial substrate. In this process, mortality was less than 10%. The layering experiments were carried out with four varieties of H. speciosa: gardineri, speciosa, cuyabensis and pubescens and in two different seasons: the dry season, and the rainy season. AIB was used to induce rooting at concentrations of 0, 4, 5 and 6 mg.mL-1 , with 15 ml per branch. The substrate used was soil humidified with commercial substrate fixed to the ringed branch. After 180 days, the best results were in the concentration of 5 mg.mL-1 in the four varieties used. However, the results for each variety were at different times of the year, due to the specific phenological phases.
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    Desenvolvimento de marcadores ambientômicos para arroz de terras altas (Oryza sativa L.) em território brasileiro
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-30) Bahia, Marco Antônio Marcelino; Teixeira, Sônia Milagres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596947832723945; Sette Júnior, Carlos Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6511764239807115; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248301627149286; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Zaidan, Úrsula Ramos
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple foods in the Brazilian diet, and therefore, its cultivation and productive independence are strategically essential for ensuring the population's food security. Within rice farming, selecting the appropriate genotype for planting is the factor that most strongly impacts the outcome of the endeavor. In order to support this decision-making process, enviromics has been applied with the objective of selecting genotypes with higher productive potential for specific areas of interest. The aim of this study was to generate and analyze the contribution of enviromic markers to the total upland rice production data in Brazilian territory. The experimental data were provided by Embrapa Rice and Beans and involved the evaluation of 2,119 rice genotypes in 187 municipalities or localities across the country, spanning the period from 1982 to 2018. For the generation of enviromic markers, data from the SoilGrids, WorldClim, and NASA POWER platforms were used, resulting in a total of 393 environmental covariates collected. The generation of enviromic markers was performed using the Monte Carlo method, with 10,000 iterations and always considering the presence of the 187 municipalities where the Embrapa experiments were conducted. The Random Forest package and the IncMSE and IncNodePurity methods were used to evaluate the importance of each covariate for the model applied throughout the Brazilian territory. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for seasonal precipitation was the most important covariate for both models.
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    Efeito da superexpressão do gene OVP1 em parâmetros fisiológicos e caracteres relacionados a produtividade de grãos em arroz de terras altas
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-05) Rocha, Dhiôvanna Corrêia; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Prado, Guilherme Souza
    Population growth, climate change and reduction of area for cultivation are some of challenges that agriculture has been facing in recent years, making it necessary to develop cultivars to meet global demand for food. The highland rice cultivar BRSMG Curinga was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens to overexpress the OVP1 gene. OVP1 gene encodes a protein that pumps protons across membranes using the energy from breaking down inorganic pyrophosphate (Pi) and trigger various metabolic and morphological changes in plants. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of some traits related to grain yield, physiology, and gene expression of genetically modified (GM) rice that overexpressed the OVP1 gene (OVP1-E4) compared to the non-genetically modified (NGM). Two experiments were carried out under controlled conditions at Embrapa Rice and Beans in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The experimental design was based on complete randomized blocks with eight repetitions for the first experiment and four for the second. Some traits related to grain yield in rice and physiological data were collected with the IRGA device during the reproductive phase (stages R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8 e R9), making it possible to estimate the carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) and the instantaneous (A/E) and intrinsic water (A/Gs) use efficiency were estimated. The OVP1 gene was quantified by RT-qPCR and the transcriptome was evaluated through RNAseq. A joint analysis of variance (p<0.05) was performed for the collected data in the two experiments. The OVP1-E4 event stood out for producing 21% more grains per panicle and 31% more filled grains than NGM. Significant physiological changes were found during grain filling (R6). At this stage, the OVP1-E4 event showed an increase of 61% in the photosynthetic rate and was 89% more efficient in carboxylation than NGM, without the occurrence of an increase in stomatal conductance and in the transpiratory rate. GM plants were also more efficient in using water. OVP1 gene was more expressed in the OVP1-E4 event during the grain filling period, and genes involved in photosynthesis were up-regulated in GM plants. Overexpression of OVP1 gene resulted in plants with physiological and phenotypic changes that pave the way for the development of rice cultivars more physiologically more efficient and more productive.
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    Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens de arroz de terras altas por meio da lógica fuzzy
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-05) Maciel, Douglas de Oliveira; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Ramos, Paulo Henrique; Botelho, Flavia Barbosa Silva
    The selection of lines for characters of agronomic interest is done with evaluations in different environments. As the environments are diversified and several lines are evaluated, it is expected that the interaction between genotypes by environments will occur, and that it will play an important role in the manifestation of the phenotype. Adaptability and stability studies have been used in breeding programs to help the selection process where the interaction of genotypes by environments has been reported. The evaluation is based on parameters provided by methodologies and requires the breeder's experience, making it difficult as the number of evaluated genotypes increases. Fuzzy logic stands out for allowing the automation of decision making, and also classifying how much a genotype belongs to each set. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability through fuzzy logic, using data on agronomic characters of upland rice from the breeding program of UFG and partners. Eight lines from the UFG breeding program, ten from UFLA and two commercial cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, plant height and number of days to flowering, in VCU trials at six locations in the state of Goiás in four agricultural years, in the 2017/18 to 2020/21 harvests. The trials varied between locations over the years, totaling thirteen environments for grain yield and plant height, and eight environments for number of days to flowering. The design was complete randomized blocks, with three replications, and plots of four lines of 4 meters, spaced by 0.45 meters. The useful area considered was 3 meters from the central lines. The adaptability and stability analyzes considered a fuzzy controller based on the Eberhart and Russell (1966) method, and a hybrid controller, based on the Lin and Binss (1988) methods, modified by Carneiro (1998) and associated with Eberhart and Russell (1966). Both controllers classified the lines into four sets in terms of performance relative to adaptability and stability (general, poorly adapted, favorable environments, unfavorable environments). The CSD 08004 line showed broad adaptability and stability for plant height and grain yeld, in addition to a pertinence value close to classification as adaptability and general stability for the number of days to flowering. Thus, the CSD 08004 line can be recommended for cultivation in the region of the State of Goiás.
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    Potencial genético e correlação entre caracteres em população de milho branco
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-23) Watanabe, Ikio Aline Monteiro; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4968560508763713; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; Rodrigues, Fabrício
    White maize is used for human consumption in the form of grits, flour and starch. It stands out as an alternative to small farmers, as it has a higher commercial value. However, there are few white maize cultivars on the market, and it is important to develop higher yield cultivars of this type. Among the several maize breeding methods, recurrent selection stands out for allowing the increase of the frequency of favorable alleles in population for several selective cycles. However, recurrent selection is only effective when using populations with good averages and genetic variability for the traits of interest. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance, genetic variability and expected genetic gains of a white maize population; and to estimate the genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations between agronomic traits, including grain yield. For this purpose, 169 half-siblings progênies were evaluated using a 13 x 13 triple lattice design, in 2018 second crop, in the UFG, Goiânia-GO and UFJ, Jataí-GO. The traits evaluated were: number of days to anthesis, number of days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, ear ratio, stalk lodging, ear prolificacy, kernels per row, number of kernels per row, ear diameter, ear length, cob diameter, ear weight and grain yield. Significant differences were found among progenies for all traits, except stalk lodging, indicating the presence of variability. The genetic gains with selection ranged from -26.26%, for anthesis-silking interval, to 9.04%, for ear prolificacy. All traits, except ear diameter, exhibited at least one significant genetic, phenotypic or environmental correlation estimate, indicating that changes in one trait may change the mean of other correlated. It is concluded the white maize population presents genetic variability and satisfactory means for most agronomic traits, including grain yield; thereefore, the population has the potential to be used in a recurrent selection program. Indirect selection for grain yield is possible through direct selection for number of kernels per row and ear weight.
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    Relações filogenéticas entre isolados fúngicos de Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f., de Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) e de Rhizoctonia spp. Fitopatogênicas ao arroz e ao feijão
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-21) Luzini, Aline Pereira; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3733-7059; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Pereira, Marlon Corrêa; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes
    The orchids Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum (epiphyte) and Epidendrum nocturnum (rupicola) occur in areas anthropized of cerrado and cerrado rupestre, respectively. Even though, Rhizoctonia sp. is pathogenic to various crops, it is one of the more frequent genera among the microrrhizal fungi. Studies on fungal phylogenetics utilizing the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of rDNA are important for evaluating specificity between plant and fungus, the evolutionary history of species and host - pathogen interactions. The objective of the present study include molecular characterization and establishment of phylogenetic relationships among endophytic/micorrhizal fungi isolates of C. saintlegerianum and of E. nocturnum pertaining to genera Rhizoctonia sp., Xylaria sp. and isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. pathogenic to rice and common beans and of isolates obtained from Genbank. The genomic DNA of one micorrhizal isolate, two of Xylaria sp. (endophytic), and four of rice and bean pathogens were extracted, and soon after sequencing of ITS 1 and ITS2 of nrDNA was done. The phylogenetic relations, inferred by Bayesian analysis among the rhizoctonia-like isolates of the present study and found in GenBank showed three clusters, and Xylarioides showed one cluster. The molecular results of micorrhizal Rhizoctonia sp. and Xylariodes are in close agreement with the results on morphology. The micorrhizal isolates formed one poliphyletic clad with the isolates of the GenBank. The micorrhizal isolate of Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from E. nocturnum formed one lineage different from Rhizoctonia spp. originating from other orchid species of GenBank. The Xylarioides isolates obtained in the present study showed lineage different of the found in GenBank.
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    Diversidade genética de BGMV em linhagens elite de feijoeiro-comum
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-30) Bertholdo, Naíze Motta; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Dianese, Érico de Campos; Araújo, Leila Garcês de
    Brazil is the main common bean consumer in the world, also being the main producer, whose production supply the intern market. Among the factors that influence the productivity, the wide distribution of Bean golden mosaic virus in common bean fields is very important because it can cause chlorosis, leaf crumpling and stunting, and lead up to 100% yield losses. As a response to that, Embrapa developed, through the RNAi approach, a transgenic common bean line with resistance to the Bean golden mosaic virus. Nonetheless, the presence of a resistance gene can increase the selection pressure over the pathogen, that can mutate and overcome the resistance. Despite being DNA viruses, it is described that in species of Begomovirus, the genus of the BGMV, mutation rates are similar to those of RNA viruses. Nevertheless, until now, BGMV has shown smaller genetic variability compared to other species of the genus. The objective of this work was to characterize BGMV populations that infect different common bean elite lines, transgenic and conventional, in two locations: Brasília and Santo Antônio de Goiás. To that, leaf samples from different elite lines were collected in Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials, searching for differences in viral populations from different sources. We used a strategy widely used on studies related to other living beings: next generation DNA sequencing followed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping. The SNPs obtained were used to carry out genetic diversity analysis. The estimates of the proportion of polymorphic sites and of Nei’s gene diversity revealed a greater genetic diversity in viral populations sampled in transgenic plants. The results suggest that, despite the restriction to the viral replication and, therefore, of smaller viral populations, the necessary conditions to the occurrence of selection pressure are given. In the genetic structure analysis, a significant effect was attributed to localities, as has been widely described in literature.
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    Análise comparativa de sequências completas de genomas de cloroplasto de Pterodon emarginatus e Pterodon pubescens (Leguminosae)
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-11) Freitas, Juliana Borges Pereira Brito; Taquary, Adriana Maria Antunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8869318023800691; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Dias, Renata de Oliveira
    FREITAS, J. B. P. B. Comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequences of Pterodon emarginatus and P. pubescens (Leguminosae). 2020. Dissertation (Master in Genetics and Plant Breeding) – School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.¹ The chloroplast is a cellular organelle that has its own genome. Several projects of chloroplast genome sequencing have been developed with species of the legume group, family to which the species Pterodon emarginatus and P. pubescens belong. These two species of the genus Pterodon are native to the Cerrado biome, are popularly known as sucupira branca or faveira, and have potential for medicinal use and lumber. The present work aimed to know and compare the structure and organization of the chloroplastidial genomes of P. emarginatus and P. pubescens, in order to collaborate with the knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships between these species. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genomes were assembled using a de novo strategy associated with reference genome guided assembly. Annotation of genes and repetitive regions of the genomes was performed. In addition, nucleotide diversity was estimated and phylogenetic relationships of these species with other species of the Leguminosae family, whose chloroplastid genomes are available in databases, were analyzed. These diversity and phylogeny analyses were performed based on the gene sequences of the chloroplastidial genomes. The complete sequence of the chloroplastidial genome of P. emarginatus is 159,823 bp, while that of P. pubescens is 159,818 bp. Both genomes have a quadripartite structure, composed of two inverted regions (IR) with 25,584 bp in both species, separated by a short single copy region (SSC), with 19,359 bp and 19,367 bp, respectively, for P. pubescens and P. emarginatus and a long single copy region (LSC), with 89,291 bp in P. pubescens and 89,288 bp in P. emarginatus. A total of 127 genes were predicted in the chloroplast genome in both species, among which, 109 single copy genes and 18 duplicated genes in the inverted regions. A total of 143 microsatellite regions were identified in P. emarginatus and 141 in P. pubescens. The gene content was similar to that of other chloroplastidial genomes of legume species, with an emphasis on similarity with Dipteryx alata and Styphnolobium japonicum, with few exceptions of gene losses and gains. Nucleotide diversity estimates of gene regions were 0.062 in LSC, 0.076 in SSC, and 0.036 in IR. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the proximity between the genera Pterodon and Dipteryx, both from the clade Dipterygeae as well as the close relationship between the clades ADA and Cladrastis. The genetic information obtained on the chloroplastidial genomes of P. emarginatus and P. pubescens in this study reinforces the similarity and evolutionary proximity between these species. These results may contribute to other studies, such as molecular systematics and population genetics and phylogeography.
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    Capacidade de combinação de híbridos simples de milho e interação com épocas de plantio
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-30) Castro, Laís Lopes de; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8695921024674566; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Souza, João Cândido de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos
    The high yield obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic breeding. The high productivity obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic improvement. Within the breeding programs, one of the most important decision-making is the formation and choice of the base populations used in the breeding, as they are the ones that will extract the superior strains, so they must gather favorable alleles for characteristics of interest, and for that it is necessary to include several parents in the genealogy of a population. A good strategy for the formation of base populations is the identification of simple high-performance hybrids with high combining capacities for the characteristics of interest. The objective of this study was to identify promising parents and crosses for population formation for the UFG maize breeding program, considering four planting seasons. For the identification of the best parents to compose the new base population, they were evaluated in Goiânia-GO in four planting seasons during the 2018/2019 harvest under a complete diallel genetic design, 6 parents (simple hybrids) and 15 crosses (double hybrids) totaling 21 treatments in the diallel scheme and 5 other controls for comparison purposes. As the behavior of the genotypes is greatly influenced by environmental variations, the analysis of genotype interaction with environments like GGE Biplot was performed. The plant height and ear height characters can be used for selection in the four environments based on the CGC values. There was no pattern of behavior for the determination coefficient estimates (R2) over the four experiments. Parent G1 was better for decreasing the corn cycle with negative flowering values, but in general it presented poor values for CGC and CEC. Parents G2, G3 and G4 showed the best CGC values for the primary production components, and parent G5 as the most stable, although with CGC below the general average. The G1 x G2 cross obtained the highest CEC and at the same time was the most unstable. The G1 x G4, G3 x G6 and G1 x G6 crosses were the most stable and with CEC values higher than the general averag
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    Potencial genético de germoplasma elite de feijão carioca para resistência ao mofo-branco
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-05-07) Silva, Letícia Iannacone Di Maio; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Silva Filho, João Luis da
    The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents an important source of protein and fiber on human nutrition and Brazil stands out on the production and consumption of this leguminous, especially those of the carioca market class. The incidence of white mold, one of the most destructive diseases of bean, is among the factors responsible for the reduction of the productivity and the increasing of the production costs, meanly in winter irrigated crops, in which the microclimatic conditions such as mild temperatures and high humidity contribute for a higher proliferation of the disease. There are few cultivars or Brazilian bean elite lines that have partial resistance to the white mold, thus, the objectives of this paper are: (i) to characterize cultivars and elite lines of the carioca bean regarding the reaction to the white mold on the field and in a controlled environment aiming to select resistance sources and (ii) to estimate genetical parameters and number of genes controlling the character for resistance to white mold in a controlled environment utilizing the RILs K-407 × BRS Cometa population. During the characterization of the cultivars and elite lines the field trials were held in Goianira (GO), and Oratorios (MG), and in controlled environment it was utilized the modified straw test. A 1 to 9 visual score scale was utilized for the evaluation of the trials. The data were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing mixed models through REML / BLUP and the best genotypes were selected by their selection coincidence coefficient. Accordingly to the results the elite lineages selected as resistant both in the field and controlled environment were CNFC 16820, CNFC 15875, CNFC 15859 and CNFC 15458, in addition to the cultivars BRS Notável and BRS Sublime. These genotypes could be indicated for growing or as parents with partial resistance to white mold in genetic breeding programs. During the white mold resistance parameters estimation study for the population of RILs BRS Cometa × K-407, 140 RILs on the F9:10 generation were artificially inoculated through the modified straw test and the disease severity was evaluated through a 1 to 9 score scale. It was employed a mixed models methodology to analyze the data. The heritability in the broad sense was moderate (0.60), the calculation of the number of genes indicated the presence of two loci of greater effect controlling the character and the relative coefficient of variation was superior to 1, indicating good experimental precision and favorable situation for the selection.
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    Mapeamento de QTL para caracteres de importância agronômica em arroz no cruzamento Araguaia X Maninjau
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-30) Santos, Jéssica Fernanda Ferreira dos; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira
    The productivity of the main food crops will not be sufficient to meet the anticipated demands for food. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food for a large part of the world population, and increasing its productivity has been one of the main objectives of breeding programs in the world, with the aim of developing rice cultivars with greater productive potential and production stability than those available today. Adaptability and stability studies, together with the mapping of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) aiming at the discovery of markers for assisted selection, can boost the obtaining of commercial cultivars that meet the demand for rice grain production. This work aimed to identify: 1) Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) productive, with greater adaptability and stability, and 2) QTLs related to important agronomic characters in a population of RILs from the interspecific crossing Araguaia x Maninjau. The adaptability and stability analysis was performed in two locations (Boa Vista - RR and Goianira - GO) to obtain phenotypic data of four agronomic traits and identification of superior inbred lines. The RILs and the genitors were genotyped by the DArTseq methodology to obtain SNPs markers and silico DArTs for the QTL mapping. After consolidating the data from the field and genotyping experiments, the QTLs analysis was performed considering 234 RILs and 8,911 SNPs and DArTs by the multiple interval mapping method, with LOD≥ 3.0. The interspecific crossing generated enough variability to select superior inbred lines and favorable alleles for QTL mapping. The Goianira experiment showed the most productive RILs (average of 6,455 kg/ha) and the most resistant to lodging (average score of 1.7), while the Boa Vista experiment showed precocious RILs (average of 72.1 days until flowering) and lower plants (average height of 106.51 cm). The genitor Maninjau had a better phenotypic performance for productivity, while Araguaia was more precocious, lower and resistant to lodging. Two line stood out for performing well in different environments for multiple characters. Twenty-two significant QTLs (LOD≥ 3.0) were identified, six for grain yield, five for days to flowering and 11 for plant height, with explained phenotypic variation ranging from 3.94% to 35.36 The QTL PTHT12 for plant height had stability between environments. The QTL mapping confirmed that the genitor Maninjau was the donor of 66.6% of the favorable alleles to increase grain productivity, and that Araguaia was the donor of 100% of the favorable alleles for early flowering and 63.3% for size low in RILs. The line with the best performance are indicated to continue in the breeding program. Potential markers were identified for grain yield, flowering and plant height, and are indicated for the validation step for use in the assisted selection routine of rice breeding programs in Brazil
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    Caracterização de microssatélites e desenvolvimento de marcadores SSR em khaya grandifoliola C. DC
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-11-26) Sousa, Rodrigo Carlos Batista de; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Novaes, Evandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0568272239145336; Novaes, Evandro; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Guimaraes, Rejane Araujo
    African mahogany (Khaya spp.) cultivation attracts increasing interest from producers, since their wood has similar characteristics to those of Brazilian mahogany with high commercial value in the European market. Despite its timber value throughout the world and its ecological importance in Africa, where it is classified as vulnerable to extinction, little is known about the species' levels of genetic diversity. Thus, this work aims to identify and characterize microsatellite regions in the transcriptome of Khaya grandifoliola, as well as to develop markers for studies of the genetic variability of the species. From the transcripts developed by Soares et al., (2019), microsatellite regions were identified and PCR primers were designed. Microsatellite sequences were classified according to the type and number of repetitions, as well as their location within transcripts. Using the microsatellite loci genetic parameters were estimated, such as the number of alleles per loci (K), expected and observed heterozygosity (He and Ho), intrapopulational fixation index (f), probability of exclusion of paternity and of identity (PE and PI). Within the African Mahogany transcripts, 37,925 microsatellite regions were detected, with 54% being mononucleotides, 29% dinucleotides and 15% trinucleotides. From 40 microsatellite loci, 12 were selected for labelling with fluorophores (6-FAM and HEX), forming two multiplex panels. The genotyping performed with the individuals identified an average of 3 alleles per locus. The expected (He = 0.53) and observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.50) values used to estimate the genetic diversity in K. grandifoliola individuals were reasonable, given the low number of alleles per locus. The values found for PE (0.96) and PI (4.70x10-6) were similar to those found in studies of the same genus. Thus, these estimates indicate that the set of microsatellite markers is efficient in discriminating individuals. The SSR markers were also successfully transferred to other Khaya species. Therefore, these markers can be efficiently used in population studies with K. grandifoliola and other Khaya species.
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    Avaliação da tecnologia Oxford Nanopore para análise de identidade genética de clones de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-31) Borges, Sâmella de Souza; Bandeira, Ludmila Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5329718658913234; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Novaes, Evandro; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; Taquary, Adriana Maria Antunes; Vianello, Rosana Pereira
    Brazil is currently the world's largest producer of sugarcane, which is the raw material for two important products for the Brazilian economy: sugar and ethanol. Aiming both to assess the Oxford Nanopore technology for genotyping applications for sequencing (Genotyping By Sequencing - GBS), with the differential to obtain a high sequencing coverage (> 1,000x), how to develop a GBS platform to to identify sugarcane clones, safely and conveniently, this work used the MinION platform to perform genotyping based on the sequencing of 48 individuals. For this, using the genome of Sorghum bicolor as reference and a set of libraries of sugarcane transcripts, 20 pairs of primers were designed, which were used to obtain amplicons, in which SNPs molecular markers were identified (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). Six sequencing libraries were built, the first two being used in pilot trials. The alignment of the sequences obtained in the reference genome was performed using the BWA program. The identification and genotyping of the SNPs was performed using the SAMtools software. The identification of the sugarcane clones was done by calculating the genetic distance between individuals. The cluster analysis was performed using a script written in software R. The sequencing resulted in approximately 841 thousand sequences. The average size of the amplicons was 1.6 kb. High sequencing coverage (average 10,498X / amplicon) was obtained. Nine amplicons were selected, in which 356 SNPs sites were identified. The percentage of mismatches between the obtained and the reference sequences varied from 8% to 20% and the percentage of indels remained homogeneous (~ 6%). The duplicates of the same individual used as biological control formed a knot with a consistency of 94% in the obtained dendrogram, however they did not present perfect genetic identity between them. It is suggested that this fact is mainly associated with the high rate of sequencing error of the Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology, evidencing the difficulty of its use in applications that require a genetic identification with a high degree of security, as occurs in problems involving clonal identification in sugar cane.
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    Depressão endogâmica e variabilidade genética de populações para produção de milho verde
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-30) Cascão, Luma Mariano; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Vidotti, Mirian Suzane; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos
    The production of vegetable corn is an activity of great importance for several regions of Brazil. Despite this, breeding programs have devoted little effort to developing and recommending cultivars specifically for this purpose. Then, it is essential that programs for the improvement of public institutions seek to serve this niche market, which has a relevant social role, as it is conducted mainly in small areas. This work aimed to estimate inbreeding depression and the genetic components of three populations for the production of vegetable corn. The populations evaluated have a different genetic basis: a variety of open pollination, called UFG-Samambaia (P1), a population obtained by crossing two older hybrids (P2) and a third population obtained by crossing of the modern hybrids (P3). Progenies of these three populations were obtained by sampling self-fertilized S0 plants. S1 progenies, three S0 populations and two checks were evaluated in a triple lattice 14 x 14 with plots of a four meter line. They were evaluated the agronomic traits: ears weight, plant height, ears height, relative position of the ear, breaking and lodging plants, days to anthesis, days to silking; and quality traits of ears: mass weight, ears weight without straw, length of ears without straw, ears diameter, ear alignment, ear stuffing, grain color. Statistical analyzes were performed using a mixed model approach. Inbreeding depression was estimated for all characters and the components of means (m + a ’and d) and variance. Genetic variability was observed for most traits among P1 progenies. The progenies of the P2 and P3 populations did not show genetic variability for most characters. The three populations suffered an impact when subjected to self-fertilization due to the effects of inbreeding. Inbreeding depression in P1 has higher rates for most characters: plant height, ear height, relative ear position, mass weight, length of ears without straw, alignment of ears and stuffing; In P2, the male flowering characters, weight of ears without straw and diameter of ears show a higher index and in P3, the characters of ear weight, female flowering, breakage and lodging and grain color. In general, the quality characters of the ear, important for the production of green corn, the greater depression due to inbreeding than the agronomic characters. This shows that, inbreeding depression must be considered in the selection process, with the frequency of favorable alleles increasing throughout the improvement process.
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    Diversidade e estrutura genética de Pterodon emarginatus vogel (leguminosae) no cerrado
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-29) Sousa, Daniel Ferreira de; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Chaves, Lázaro José; Rocha, Dulce Maria Sucena da
    Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, popularly known as white sucupira, has characteristics that allow its exploitation as a timber, ornamental and medicinal resource. Knowing the genetic variability in natural populations of a plant genetic resource is important for defining strategies for its use and conservation. The present study had as objective to know the genetic diversity of natural populations of P. emarginatus in the Brazilian cerrado, for use and conservation purposes. 302 individuals were collected, from 13 Brazilian cerrado populations. These individuals were analyzed using 10 microsatellite markers. The detection of the genotypes was performed using the ABI-3500 genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems). The quality of the loci was evaluated based on estimates of probability of identity and probability of exclusion of paternity, in the Identity4 program. The analyzes of diversity and genetic population structure were performed in the GDA programs and by the hierfstat package, in environment R. The cluster analysis was performed by the Bayesian method, using the STRUCUTRE program. The genetic divergence (pairwise FST) and the Mantel test were estimated, using the hierfstat and Vegan packages in environment R. The presence of genetic discontinuity was verified with the application of the Monmonier algorithm. The identification of priority populations for conservation was performed by the Greedy algorithm, in an R environment. The battery of loci proved to be adequate for the analysis of individual discrimination and for population genetic studies, since the probability of identity was low (PI = 2, 4109 x 10-11) and the exclusion of paternity was high (Q = 0.9999). An average of 15.9 alleles were identified per locus. The observed heterozygosity (0.521) was less than the expected heterozygosity (0.654). The populations exhibited a significant population genetic structure (θp = 0.104), with the presence of inbreeding due to the reproductive system (f = 0.207). The inbreeding of the population group was also high and significant (F = 0.290). Six groups were detected by Bayesian analysis. No relationship was detected between genetic and geographical distance. The populations of Araguaçu TO and Porangatu GO showed genetic discontinuity with four other populations. It was not possible to establish a minimum number of priority populations for conservation, as there is a need to conserve all of them (13) in order to sample all the alleles identified in the present study. This study reveals that the natural populations of P. emarginatus have high genetic diversity, but this diversity .is structured among populations and that there is inbreeding within populations due to the reproductive system. In addition, the genetic divergence is not explained by the geographical distance and the populations have a low redundancy of allelic richness. Such results imply the need for a greater sampling effort, both of individuals and populations, in works aimed at the conservation and use of the species.
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    Seleção de linhagens de milho a partir do esquema de topcrosses com testadores recíprocos intergrupos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Costa, Nayana Valéria; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Chaves, Lázaro José; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes de; Corrêa, Luiza Vasconcelos Tavares
    The method of topcrosses with reciprocal intergroup testers allows the estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of means of hybrids and synthetic varieties, without the need for diallel crossing, which causes a reduction in the number of evaluated genotypes. The objectives of the present study were: i) to evaluate heterosis components and combining ability of two groups of maize S1 inbred lines derived from the UFG-Samambaia population; ii) to improve the procedure for analyzing heterosis components based on the use of topcrosses with reciprocal testers, including S2 inbred lines; iii) to predict the performance of synthetic and hybrid that can be obtained from selected inbred lines. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, with 60 S1 maize inbred lines derived from the UFG-Samambaia population, where 30 presented dent kernels (Group A) and 30 presented flint kernels (Group B). From the S1 inbred lines, 60 S2 inbred lines were obtained, 30 from group A and 30 from group B and 57 hybrids, where 27 were from group A inbred lines crossed with a mixture of group B inbred lines and 30 from group B inbred lines crossed with a mixture of group A inbred lines. The genotypes were divided into six trials and were included three common control treatments. A randomized block design with four replications was used and the variables analyzed were: male (FM) and female (FF) flowering, flowering interval (IF), plant height (AP) and ear height (AE), lodging and breaking (AQ), prolificacy (PROL), ears yield (PE) and grain yield (PG). Analysis of variance was performed for the individual trials and based on topcrosses. Parameter estimation and sum of squares of model effects were obtained from the least squares method. The general combining ability (CGC) and inbreeding depression (DP) were estimated from the effects of the model. The prediction of means for synthetics and hybrids was performed using the lines that presented higher estimates of general combining ability. The lines of the variety UFG-Samambaia presented genetic variability for the evaluated traits. The additive effects were decisive for the manifestation of all traits, which points to the possibility of genetic gain by recurrent selection. Most of the genotypes belonging to groups A (dent kernels) and B (flint kernels) showed potential for extracting inbred lines for later formation of hybrids. The dominance effects were more expressive for the traits related to productivity and had a strong influence on the components of heterosis and inbreeding depression. The inclusion of S2 inbred lines in the intergroup reciprocal topcrosses analysis model was effective for detailing the additive and dominance effects. Estimates of general combining ability pointed out the variability between inbred lines that can be used in the selection of hybrids. Prediction methods allowed the selection of superior inbred lines for the formation of synthetics with adequate productive potentials when crossed.
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    Associação genômica ampla para conteúdo de proteína, óleo e ácidos graxos em soja
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-12-18) Gonçalves, Bianca Muriel; Vidotti, Miriam Suzane; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0285845278783380; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Martins, Saulo Muniz; Vidotti, Miriam Suzane
    There has been growing interest in breeding programs with the aim of the development of superior soybean genotypes for specific purposes, such as human feed. Therefore, traits such as protein, oil, and fatty acids content are important to achieve these purposes. The aim of this research was to identify genomic regions associated with the protein, oil, and fatty acids contents (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) in seed, in 416 soybean accessions through genome-wide association studies. The phenotypic data were obtained through a field trial carried out in augmented blocks of Federer at the experimental unit of Seagro-GO, in Senador Canedo-GO, in 2007/2008 growing season. The contents of protein, oil, and fatty acids was quantified by specific methods from the seeds. The accessions were genotyped with the Illumina Infinium SoySNP50K Bead Chip with 52.041 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers. It was found that there are no genetic structure patterns or kinship in the panel, an ideal condition for the analysis. Following broad genomic association analysis, twelve significant SNPs located on seven chromosomes were identified: three significant SNPs for oil and protein content in seed, two SNPs for stearic acid content in seed and one SNP for each of the remaining traits. Candidate genes included transcription factors and enzymes related directly or indirectly to the characters analyzed. Detected markers can support identify genotypes with traits of interest.
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    Estimação de parâmetros genéticos em populações de seleção recorrente em milho
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-02) Silva, Érica Munique da; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Reis, Édesio Fialho dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4968560508763713; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Corrêa, Luiza Vasconcelos Tavares; Silva, Adelmo Resende da; Silva, Fernanda de Cássia
    Among the several maize breeding methods (Zea mayz L.), recurrent selection using half-sib families is an efficient and easy-to-conduct strategy. The efficiency of this method depends, among other factors, on the estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters during the selection cycles to guide the strategies of the breeding program and for selection to occur in the desired direction for the various traits of interest. The objective of this research was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of two maize populations during the third cycle of recurrent selection, to evaluate its potential for future selection cycles and to verify the efficiency of indices for the simultaneous selection of multiple traits. 160 families of half-siblings of the populations CRE-01 and CRE-02 were evaluated in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy of UFG in the 2017/2018 growing season using a randomized block design with three replicates. The families were evaluated for male flowering (MF), female flowering (FF), flowering interval (FI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), relative ear position (REP), ear length (EL), number of grain rows (NR), number of grains per row (NGR), lodging and breaking (LB), prolificacy (PROL), grain length (GL), ear diameter (ED),ears weight (EW), weight of four ears (W4E), weight of grains of four ears (WG4E), grain yield (GY), and weight of one hundred grain (W100). The selection gain for each traits and the gain with the indirect selection were estimated using the Smith and Hazel (ISH), Mulamba and Mock (IMM) and Z (IZ) indices. Significant differences were observed between families in both populations for all traits, except for GL and LB in CRE-02 population, indicating that populations have potential for continuity of the recurrent selection program. Inheritability estimates ranged from 6.54% for REP to 96.92% for EW. The selection gain varied from 1.66% (NR) to 45.56% (GY) in the CRE-01 population, and from 1.00% (GL) to 81.37% (EW) in the CRE-02 population. Genetic correlations were observed between GY and 11 (CRE-01) and 12 (CRE-02) of the 18 other traits evaluated, in the favorable sense for all the traits, except for PH and EH. There was a greater coincidence of families selected between ISH and IZ indexes (above 65%). In general, the IZ provided better gains for the traits of interest and it is recommended for multiple trait selection during recurrent maize selection program.
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    Caracterização de híbridos e associação entre caracteres para produção de silagem em milho
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-07-18) Ciappina, Angelina Luzia; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Silva, Adelmo Resende da; Silva, Wilton Ladeira; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes
    The corn hybrids available on the market do not have all the desired traits for making silages with good nutritional value and high productivity. To carry out an improvement breeding program achieve these objectives, it is necessary to characterize the genotypes that can form the base populations of the programs and to understand the interrelationship between the various characters of interest to draw up the best strategies improvement. The objectives of the present work were: i) to perform the agronomic and bromatological characterization of maize hybrids, aiming at the identification of superior genotypes that may comprise base populations of maize breeding programs for silage; ii) to study the interrelationship between characters agronomic and bromatological conditions in maize. Twenty one commercial maize hybrids were evaluated at the Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, in the 2017/18 harvest, in two experiments, using the conventional planting density of 55,500 plants.ha -1 , and with a density of 111,000 plants.ha -1 . The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, of a 4.00 m line with twenty plants spaced at 0.20 m. The line spacing was 0.90 m for the standard density and 0.45 m for the densified experiment. The evaluated characters were: male flowering; female flowering; range of flowering; plant height; ear height; ear placement; kernels per ear; number of grains per row; ear diameter; corncob diameter; grain length; ear length; ear weight; weight of one hundred grains; acidity (pH); dry matter content; mineral content; organic matter content; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber (NDF); acid detergent fiber (ADF); total digestible nutrients (TDN); green matter productivity and yield of matter dry. For the experiment with conventional planting density, genetic and phenotypic correlations between the two-to-two traits were estimated, and the direct and indirect effects of these traits on dry matter yield and TDN content. Subsequently, a canonical correlation analysis was performed between the group of characters related to productivity and the group of characters related to silage quality. The increase in density resulted in increase in plant height and a reduction in the size of the ear and biomass produced per plant, however, resulting in higher production per hectare. The AS1596 and AG1051 hybrids presented the best performance, and can be used in the formation of base populations in maize breeding programs for the production and quality of silage, along with hybrids DKB310, BM3061, SHS7920, DKB390, P4285 and RB 9110. A strong relationship was identified between ear components and biomass productivity, and plants with higher grain yields can be used in the indirect selection for dry matter yield. The fiber contents presented a negative correlation with the digestibility of silage and positive with plant height. Knowledge of the indirect effects of the characters between them is important so that the breeder does not make hasty decisions based solely on the correlation estimate. Finally, it is possible to improve maize to simultaneously increase the productivity and the quality of the silage.