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Item Maus-tratos animais no contexto de violência doméstica na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-03) Soares, Fernanda Bastos; Machado, Ingrid Bueno Atayde; Souza, Tatiana Machiavelli Carmo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3120018580121934; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; Modena, Celina Maria; Hellmeister Filho, PauloVeterinary Medicine is one of the professions that integrate the health area. From this assumption, that professionals have the possibility to intervene in situations which cause damage to animal and human health, just as domestic violence and animal abuse. Studies show that individuals who are violent with animals tend to commit violent crimes against people, or people who are violent with others may commit crimes against animals. However, there are few studies within Veterinary Medicine that assess such behaviors and their consequences. This study evaluated the perception of the link between domestic and animal violence, which has a public health character and has closely linked components, as they act as indicators of various social problems, such as domestic violence and social vulnerability. A total of 117 questionnaires were applied, 80 of which were applied to Veterinary Medicine students, 34 to veterinarians and three to women. Data were collected about the crimes of animal abuse and domestic violence, through the Public Security Observatory of the State of Goiás, in which the dynamics between the analyzed crimes was observed, signaling that before the aggression to the human being, the animal is the first victim. It was found that Veterinary Medicine and its professionals are not prepared to combat crimes of animal abuse and, consequently, help to break the cycle of domestic violence, just as the women participating in the research showed that their aggressors have traces of aggression against animalsItem Soroprevalência e fatores de risco para infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-01-29) Moura, Catarina Elízia Bernardino Rates de; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1222753642148629; Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio Pires; Felippelli, Gustavo; Pascoal, Lívia MendonçaToxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of wide distribution worldwide, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause economic losses in sheep production mainly due to the appearance of reproductive disorders. In addition, sheep infected with T. gondii may represent a potential risk to human health, due to the large cystogenic capacity that some isolates of the parasite present, leading to the possibility of human infection through the ingestion meat from infected animals. In this sense, the objective of the aforementioned work was to evaluate seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep in the state of Goiás, located Center-Western region of Brasil. For this purpose, through the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFA), 1000 serological samples from sheep from the 18 microregions were analyzed. of State. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test, which evaluated the possible risk factors for T. gondii (p≤0.05), with the odds ratio (OR) estimates obtained, with a confidence interval of (CI) 95%. The risk factors were calculated considering the risk for each animal, (calculated from the risk), using the software Statistica 10 (StartSot Inc., 2011). In 34.3% (343/1000) of the analyzed samples, the occurrence of anti- T. gondii antibodies (IgG) was observed with serological titers ≥ 64 to ≥ 65536 that varied in the regions from 18.1% (15/83) to 64.15% (34/53). In all regional unitis sampled in the state of Goiás, seroreagent animals were detected, being the age, the water, the form of replacement of the herd and the presence of domestic cats and wild animals, considering the risk factors statistically associated with the serum-occurrence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in sheep.Item Efeitos vasculares do fotossensibilizador porfirínico meso-tetrametilpiridil na terapia fotodinâmica em modelo de membrana corioalantoide(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-08-06) Lemes, Isis de Carvalho Rodrigues Santana; Miguel, Marina Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3078760368293415; Oliveira, Vilma Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0987498380173917; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127532567066692; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; Cruz, Vanessa de Souza; Almeida, Luciane Madureira dePhotodynamic therapy is based on the administration of a photosensitizing substance under light activation through the emission of an appropriate wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen. Photochemical and photophysical reactions trigger the destruction of irradiated tissue, either by cell injury or vascular injury. Therefore, the main therapeutic applications of photodynamic therapy are cancer therapy and the treatment of disorders related to neovascularization. Cationic porphyrins have chemical and physical properties that favor their use in vascular photodynamic therapy, which targets the destruction of tissue vascularization. For the development of protocols that can be used in clinical practice, the experimental model of the chicken embryo chorioallantoid membrane is used. This model allows the direct visualization and evaluation of a wide vascular network. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the vascular effect of photodynamic therapy, using meso-tetramethylpyridyl porphyrin applied topically to the chorioallantoic membrane, at a dose of 100µM. Images were acquired before treatment and every 30 minutes after application, until completing five hours of evaluation. This analysis was based on the general vascular response, quantifying the vascular area in pixels and obtaining the vascular reduction in percentage. In addition, the vascular effect was assessed through macroscopic and microscopic visual assessment. The main visual changes identified were vasoconstriction, thrombus formation, atrophy of the mesoderm, perivascular fibrosis, hyperemia of ectodermal capillaries and necrosis of the chorioallantoid membrane. As for vascular reduction, treatment with light irradiation (14%) or solvent alone (5%) did not show significant results, as well as treatment with photosensitizer (23%). However, the vascular reduction after photodynamic therapy was 35%. Thus, although all treatments have promoted macroscopic and microscopic changes in the membrane, the vascular reduction in the group treated with photodynamic therapy using meso-tetramethylpyridyl porphyrin was superior to the treatments with light and solvent. Thus, this treatment, under these conditions, has a potential use in the treatment of disorders that target vascularization.Item Avaliação clínico-laboratorial, histopatológica hepática e desempenho de ovinos alimentados com feno de braquiária ou cana-de-açúcar(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-03) Lima, Flávia Gontijo de; Araújo, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928; Borges, José Renato Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3586382943482522; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; Castro, Márcio Botelho de; Neiva, José Newman MirandaThe species of Brachiaria are important forages from Brazilian tropical regions, mainly the Central-Western region. Some species of Brachiaria have been described as cause of hepatogenous photosensitization in ruminants. Initially, the disease was attributed to the fungus Pithomyces chartarum, but recent studies suggest that the steroidal saponins present in the grasses have toxic principles responsible for the photosensitization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatic function and the performance of lambs fed with B. brizantha hay or sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.), by means of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and macro and microscopic analysis of the liver. Twelve Saint Ines lambs were used. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: group hay (six lambs fed with roughage of B. brizantha hay and concentrate) and group sugar cane (six lambs fed with roughage of sugar cane and concentrate). The hay used to feed the lambs did not contain Pithomyces chartarum spores. The clinical examinations occurred at each seven days, the laboratory tests at each 14 days, and the weighings at each 28 days. At the end of 93 days of experiment the lambs were slaughtered, the macroscopic analysis of the the organs was carried out, and the liver fragments were collected for the microscopic analysis. The lambs were clinically healthy, during the whole period, except at the beginning of the experiment, when some animals presented pneumonia. The only biochemistry alterations suggestive of hepatic damage were the increase of the GGT values and the decrease of total cholesterol in both groups. No animal fed with B. brizantha hay presented macroscopic alteration in the liver. The microscopic analysis of the liver revealed preserved hepatocytes and presence of multifocal infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the hepatic parenchyma and also in the portal triads, characterizing cholangitis in both groups. Degenerations suggestive of hepatic esteatosis were observed in four animals fed with sugar cane. Feeding lambs with B. brizantha hay promoted similar performance than feeding the animals with sugar cane. Regardless of the type of feeding, the lambs presented, as biochemistry alteration of the hepatic function, increase of the serum levels of GGT and decrease of total cholesterol, followed by histological alterations, characteristic of light cholangitis.Item Infecção experimental por Trypanosoma vivax em bovinos da raça curraleiro pé-duro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-29) Mendonça, Débora Ribeiro de; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Martins, Danieli Brolo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2159963349521553; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3363890096623194; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; Moura, Maria Ivete de; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda SoaresIn the experimental Trypanosoma vivax infection in Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle, six healthy male cattle with a minimum age of eight to 12 months and an average body weight of 98 to 165 kg were used. The experiment was divided into three phases: adaptation (10 days), inoculation and post-inoculation (74 days) in order to evaluate physical, hematological, biochemical and parasitological parameters. The results of the physical evaluations indicated hypothermia in the initial and final phase of the evaluations and hyperthermia on the 22nd day after inoculation. There was bradycardia in the first 15 days and 45 days after inoculation, while bradypnea and hypomotility were detected throughout the evaluations. In erythrogram there was a reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, globular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (HCCM) and platelets characterizing a normocytic and hypochromic anemia. In the leukogram, leukopenia with neutropenia was identified. The bands, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes did not differ because they were within the normal range. In the analysis of blood biochemistry data, changes were discrete and punctual for the following biochemical parameters: fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulin, creatine kinase, glucose, creatinine, urea, total direct and indirect bilirubin. Aspartate aminotransferase activities decreased on days 18 to 60 post-inoculation and gama glutamyltransferase activities increased between days 67 and 74 post-inoculation, however, this increase was due to only two animals. Parasitaemia, diagnosed by the Woo method and quantified by the Brener method, showed to be intense in the early stage of the disease and throughout the evaluations there was a decrease in parasitaemia peaks, leading no calf to death. The cattle after experimental inoculation had mild and punctual symptoms and survived the acute phase of the disease, establishing signs of tolerance in relation to T. vivax.Item Principais causas da condenação de frango em matadouros frigoríficos do serviço de inspeção estadual de Goiás entre 2012-2018 e o impacto financeiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-05) Ramos, Emanoel Tomé Regis; Haddad, João Paulo Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3673445041898307; Melo, Cristiano Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1686704472655874; Rezenda, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Souza, Maria Izabel AmaralBrazil's level of poultry production as the world's leading exporter and second largest producer of poultry meat is due to the joint efforts of the productive agents, the organization of the integrated system, investments in technology, among others that have contributed to increase trade, production and productivity. In 2018, the state of Goiás ranked first in production and export in the Midwest region. Even with this position in the national scenario, during post-mortem inspection in slaughterhouses the chickens are subject to partial or total carcass condemnation due to several factors that occur during the stages of rearing, pre-slaughter and slaughter. Among the problems identified in establishments registered with the State Inspection Service of Goiás generate financial losses, condemnations for bruising/fracture, dead on arrival, cellulite, contamination and dermatoses. In order to identify the main causes of condemnation and the financial impact, a literature review conducted through studies in different regions and establishments in Brazil with federal or state inspection. After this review, a retrospective study conducted, analyzing the main causes of the condemnation and the financial impact on slaughterhouses of the State Inspection Service of Goiás between 2012 and 2018 (partial). We identified 19 causes of condemnation of chicken with total 5,006,043 condemned birds, proportionally 85.10% (4,259,894 / 5,006,043) partially condemned and 14.90% (746,149 / 5,006,043) totally. Of the number of slaughtered chickens160,546,742 the index per total condemnation was 0.46 (746,149) and the partial 2.65 (4,259,894). The monetary value of the condemnations was estimated at R$15,998,921.32 (US$5,574,537.04).Item Comparação da eficácia de formulação carrapaticida aplicada em diferentes sistemas de pulverização para controle de Rhipicephalus microplus(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-25) Moraes Junior, Nélio Roberto de; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1222753642148629; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Marchesini, Paula Barroso Cruz; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de OliveiraThe present work compared the efficiency of three different equipment for acaricides application to control Rhipicephalus microplus. Two comparative experiments were performed. To compare the equipment, an acaricide containing three active ingredients (one pyrethroid and two organophosphate) was used. In experiment 1, three devices were tested: backpack sprayer (BS), high pressure sprayer (HPS) and automated sprayer (AS). In experiment 2, two devices were tested: BS and HPS. In both experiments, 10 bovines with similar tick burden were used. In day 0, both experiments, the animals were treated with the acaricide. On days +1 (only experiment 1), +3, +7, +14, +21, +28 and +35 (only experiment 2), ticks count was performed to determine the efficiency of control. The application time, pressure (KPa) and volume applied (L) in each spraying system were also evaluated. Adult immersion test (AIT) using three different acaricides based on pyrethroid and organophosphate was performed to compare the susceptibility of strains from each farm. In experiment 1, all treatments reduced significantly (p < 0.05) the number of ticks on animals, however, the HPS showed better efficacy of the acaricide since day +1. In experiment 2, both treatments reduced (p < 0.05) the tick burden, however the HPS resulted in more accentuated reduction. The application period was of 4.5, 150 e 330 seconds, while pressure was of 306.8, 4,826.3 and 172.4 – 220.6 KPa for AS, HPS and BS, respectively. In the AIT the observed efficacies were between 99.8 - 100% for the strain of the farm of the experiment 1, while were between 67.2 - 80.9% for the strain from the farm of experiment 2. We conclude the application device influences the efficiency of the acaricide. All three sprayers were efficient for acaricide application; the best efficiency was obtained using the HPS while the AS showed a reliable efficiency with lower application period and the strain of the farm of the experiment 1 was more susceptible for all acaricides tested.Item Descrição morfológica e radiográfica das articulações escapuloumeral e umerorradioulnar de tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla-Linnaeus, 1758)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-30) Silva, Carolina Castro Lyra da; Cardoso, Júlio Roquete; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1710994249874447; Pfrimer, Gabriel de Abreu Pfrimer; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9312207784365232; Borges, Naida Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9181279951885005; Borges, Naida Cristina; Oliveira, Raquel de Souza Lemos de; Silva, Daniel Barbosa daThe giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) has specialized thoracic limbs to forage by breaking the walls of anthills and termite mounds. They are also important for defense posture and locomotion. This study aimed to provide a morphological and radiographic description of the shoulder joint (SJ) and elbow joint (EJ) of the giant anteater. Both joints of 13 tamanduas were assessed by morphological dissections (n=26) and histological evaluation (n=2) and radiographies without (n = 14) and with (n=13) positive contrast. The radiographic projections selected to this study were the mediolateral and craniocaudal projections. The radiographic and anatomical findings were compared with the following results: the SJ had a continuous joint capsule with the tendon sheaths of the short head and long head of the biceps brachii muscle, which could be visualized with an injection of 3 ml of intra-articular contrast. The SJ arthrography was performed with the needle positioned cranially to the joint for contrast injection. The EJ presented three articular compartments, and the insertion of the joint capsule was proximal to the radial fossa and distal to the radial tuberosity in the radial notch of the ulna, which were possible to identify with 2 ml of intra-articular contrast. The EJ arthrography was performed with the needle positioned laterally to the joint for contrast injection. Moreover, the joint capsule presented an evagination like a caudomedial recess and cranial and caudal fat pads. No ligaments stabilizing the SJ and EJ were identified in the macroscopic and histological assessments. The morphological and radiological study provided relevant information on the soft-tissue characteristics of shoulder and elbow joints, which may aid clinical-surgical and diagnostic imaging procedures.Item Avaliação da biologia reprodutiva e histopatológica de fêmeas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus microplus submetidas a uma formulação contendo fipronil e fluazuron(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-27) Vieira, Mirna Secchis; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Arruda, Walquíria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0103634776482485; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Brito, Pedro Vale de AzevedoRhipicephalus microplus is an important ectoparasite inside cattle breeding in tropical, subtropical and temperate region in the world. This tick is responsible for pathogens transmission, inducing a cattle pathological condition that can lead to a drop in meat and milk productivity. The R. microplus represents a great importance regarding to livestock cost, thus it is important control this ectoparasite which is done almost exclusively with chemical acaricide. Currently, there are commercial formulations for R. microplus control that contain, associated or not, fipronil and fluazuron. However there isn`t any information regarding cytotoxic effects of these molecules on ticks. Research on morphological changes caused by these two products allows a better understanding of how these active ingredients act in different tick organs. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive biology and histological effects of a commercial formulation, containing fipronil and fluazuron on the ovary of R. microplus engorged females. Three calves were infested with approximately 5.000 larvae on days -24, -21, -19, -17, -14, -12, -10, -7, -5 and -3, considering day 0, the treatment day. The treatment consisted on the application of a commercial acaricidal formulation with fipronil (1,25 %) and fluazuron (2,5%) (Tick Gard®- MSD Saúde Animal). Before application of acaricidal formulation, 20 engorged females, naturally detached form the cattle, were recovered, to form the control group. After application of the commercial formulation, engorged females naturally detached from the animals were collected on days +5, +10 and +20 for reproductive biology monitoring and on days +4, +12 and +20 for ovaries histology evaluation. The females collected for reproductive biology monitoring were kept in a climate-controlled chamber for oviposition, subsequently incubating these eggs, while the females used for histological analysis were kept in a climate-controlled chamber for 4 days and then dissected. In reproductive biology evaluation, it was observed that females from the treated groups produced a smaller amount of eggs (p<0.05) and these eggs had a lower viability (p<0.5) when compared to the control group. All treatment group had considerable morphological change. In the histological analysis, many alterations were observed in the oocytes of females from all treated groups, including irregularly shaped oocyte, irregularly shaped germinal vesicle, yolk granules reduction, yok granules vacuolization and oocyte disruption. It was also observed a smaller number of oocytes in all stages of development (I, II, III, IV and V) and a greater number of indeterminate oocytes on ovaries of females from the treated groups (p<0.05), when compared with the control group. From these results, it is possible to conclude that the commercial formulation containing fipronil and fluazuron affected the reproductive biology and caused histological alterations in the ovaries of engorged females of R. microplus, leading to a reduction in the number of oocytes.Item Descrição morfológica da glândula pineal de Alouatta belzebul(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-04) Mascarenhas, Lucas José Santos; Pereira, Kleber Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779531102983799; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloísio Scalla; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9821938265591545; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloísio Scalla; Franzo, Vanessa Soube; Saturnino, Klaus CasaroThe pineal gland in vertebrates produces a hormone, a melatonin, which is related to circadian control and other physiological behavioral functions, such as the reproductive cycle, thermoregulation and thermal tolerance. The present study aimed to describe the morphological, morphometric and histological aspects of the pineal of Alouatta belzebul. Seven brains of adult specimens of this species were studied, of which the location of the gland in relation to the surrounding brain structures was calculated and its length and width were measured. Then, histological slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAS. It was observed that the pineal of A. belzebul is located superiorly and cranially to the cerebellum and superiorly to the superior colliculi and below the splenium of the corpus callosum. In addition, it can be functional as subcalous. It had an average length of 2.6 mm and an average width of 1.14 mm. Histologically, the gland is composed of irregular cords of pinealocytes and gliocytes. Pinealocytes pair melanin-like pigments. It was concluded that a pineal gland in Alouatta belzebul has similar aspects with some primates and carnivores, mainly in the suItem Uso de antimicrobianos em propriedades leiteiras do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-26) Silva, Damila Batista Caetano; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Neves, Rodrigo Balduino Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4342823005141964; Silva, Luiz Antônio Franco da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0446055905975647; Silva, Luiz Antônio Franco da; Braga, Carla Afonso da Silva Bitencourt; Andrade, Maria AuxiliadoraMilk is a food widely consumed by the population, however the presence of antimicrobial residues is a common finding in milk and milk derivatives. The marketing of milk contaminated with antibiotic residues is prohibited because of deleterious effects on public and animal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in dairy farms located in the state of Goiás, Brazil, how antimicrobials have been used, as well as the conduct related to this use. Interviews were conducted with the owner and/or assistant worker in 33 municipalities. The answers were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-squared test (χ2). Among 23 antimicrobial active principle cited, tetracycline and penicillin were the most used in the farms. The use of milk with residues to feed other animals was the most cited type of milk discard, followed by the discard with the water used to clean the milk parlour without any treatment. It has been observed that many farmers do not know how to distinguish an antibiotic from an anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic medicines, unaware of the risks of bacterial resistance, and they inappropriately discard milk with antibiotic residues. We concluded that the use of medicines on rural dairy farms in the state of Goiás, Brazil, is often done in the wrong way, and farmers are unaware of any recommendations, as well as the problems that can be generated from antimicrobial resistance.Item Atividade repelente e carrapaticida de compostos derivados do óleo de coco contra Amblyomma sculptum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-03) Santos, Mayara Macêdo Barrozo; Cotta, Viviane Zeringóta Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4269635925947346; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591106734434348; Fernandes, Éverton Kort Kamp; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Borges, Lígia Miranda FerreiraAmblyomma sculptum can parasitize several mammals, including humans, and is the main vector of the Rickettsia rickettsii bacterium in Brazil, the etiological agent of Brazilian spotted fever. Several studies have been carried out with products of plant origin to control ticks. In addition, the use of repellents is an important tool to prevent infestations. The present study aimed to evaluate the repellency of unfed nymphs of A. sculptum against substances derived from coconut oil (C12 dodecanoic acid methyl ester; C10 decanoic acid methyl ester; and coconut free fatty acid in lavender oil formulation) and catnip oil (Nepeta cataria); through modified Petri dish bioassays and, to evaluate the tick activity of these substances by means of the larval packet test. For the Petri dish test, a semicircle of filter paper containing the substance to be tested at a concentration of 10% diluted in ethanol and another semicircle containing the solvent (ethanol), were placed inside the dish; six non-fed nymphs were placed in the center of each plate and their location was assessed at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes and at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours after the start of the test. For the larval packet test, the substances were used in five concentrations (2.5; 5; 10; 15 and 20 mg / mL) on non-fed larvae of A. sculptum to assess mortality after 24 hours of treatment. As a result, all substances showed repellency, with the fatty acid free of coconut oil conferring repellency for 7 days, while N. cataria oil and C10 methyl ester showed repellency for 4 and 3 days, respectively. The concentration of the C12 methyl ester, effective against more than 93% of the tested larvae, was 15 mg / mL and the concentration, of that same substance, of 20mg / mL conferred 100% mortality. Thus, our results indicate that compounds derived from coconut oil have a repellent and tick effect on immature stages of A. sculptum and can be formulated to protect humans and other animals from infestation, as well as against pathogens transmitted by this species of tick.Item Produção e caracterização de enzimas quitinolíticas produzidas pelo fungo Trichoderma asperellum e sua aplicação no biocontrole do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus e do inseto Aedes aegypti(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-02) Aguiar, Jackeline de Paula Santana de Andrade; Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127532567066692; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Campos, Ivan Torres Nicolau de; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino deChemical acaricides or insecticides are widely used to control pests or vectors of agricultural interest and public health worldwide. The molecules on the market have an average duration of a decade due to the genetic selection of resistant individuals. In addition, these chemical compounds can affect other living organisms, contributing to environmental pollution and contamination of products of animal or vegetable origin for human consumption. With options for chemical control of pests and parasites increasingly scarce, studies are described stimulating the search for alternative and effective control methods. The use of living organisms or products of their metabolism to control pests or diseases, whether obtained by genetic manipulation or not, are called biocontrol. Several studies demonstrate the use of fungi as alternative or auxiliary agents for vector control, with low environmental impact, easy application and degradation. As an example of these microorganisms, the fungus Trichoderma asperellum stands out. The genus Trichoderma corresponds to free-living fungi, mostly of asexual reproduction, found from temperate to tropical climates. These fungi are known for their capacity as biological control agents, against phytopathogens. This action can occur by the release of enzymes or other secondary metabolites. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of the fungus Trichoderma asperellum grown on different carbon sources (commercial chitin (CWDE), external chitinous tegument of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus (T-CWDE) and Aedes aegypti (L-CWDE) larvae) , as an agent producing enzymes of the chitinylitic complex, for the biocontrol of the vectors Rhipicephalus microplus and Aedes aegypti. The fungus was grown in MEA medium and the spores, together with different chitinous sources, were added to the TLE medium and incubated for six days at a temperature of 38ºC. The crude extract, resulting from the induction by carbon sources, after undergoing the process of dialysis and lyophilization, was used to perform the biocarrapaticidogram and larvicide tests. The results showed that the T-CWDE and L-CWDE media showed greater activity against both the tick larvae Rhipicephalus microplus and L3 of Aedes aegypti compared to CWDE. The enzymatic action in the target vectors was also evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (MET), suggesting that the biotechnological strategy proposed in this work has the potential to be explored for the biocontrol of these vectors, given their viability and the likely benefits such as the generation of natural bioactive and biodegradable compounds compared to conventional pesticides.Item Avaliação in vitro e in vivo da eficácia de desinfetantes contra Trypanosoma vivax(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-01) Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro; Borges, Ligia Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0186857706444299; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Felippelli, Gustavo; Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio PiresThe present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of different disinfectants against Trypanosoma vivax. In the in vitro phase, 21 disinfectant solutions were tested in quintuplicate. Disinfectants added to micro tubes containing blood with approximately 1x106(1.000.000) trypomastigotes of T. vivax were evaluated at the 30 seconds, one minute, 10, 15 and 30 minutes of homogenization. After the feasibility evaluation from the thick drop technique, the mobile trypomastigotes were quantified for the calculation of efficacy. In the in vivo step, only disinfectants that demonstrated 100% efficacy and easy acquisition in vitro against the protozoan in question were used. To that end, 30 calves, crossbreed, three to six months old, negative for T. vivax (thick drop, Woo and cPCR) were divided into six different groups of five animals each, which were then inoculated with 46% and 70% alcohol disinfectant solutions or iodine 0.5% + 1x106 trypomastigotes of the protozoan in question at the time of 30 seconds or 1 minute of preparation. One group of animals was inoculated with only 1x106 T. vivax trypomastigotes (positive control), while another group of cattle were not infected (negative control). In order to diagnose the possible presence of T. vivax in the blood stream of the calves, on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after inoculation (DPI), blood was collected from each animal to investigate the protozoan by the techniques of Woo, Brener and cPCR. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in the in vitro stage, 13 of the 21 disinfectant solutions tested demonstrated 100% efficacy against T. vivax at all times of evaluation. Among these 13, alcohol 46%, alcohol 70% and iodine 0.5% were selected for in vivo stage. When the efficiency of these three disinfectants was evaluated in vivo, it was possible to verify that 60% and 20%, respectively, became infected by the protozoan in question, when inoculated with the total solution containing alcohol 46% + 1x106 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, after of 30 seconds and 1 minute of disinfection process. These results highlight the importance of performing the in vivo step in cattle when evaluating the immediate efficacy of disinfectants against T. vivax.Item Potencial antimicrobiano da própolis verde sobre Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-14) Maia, Layane Martins; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Machado, Bruna Aparecida Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4021221951532780; Resende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Pires, Weslen Fabrício Teixeira; Sola, Marília CristinaOver the years, several microorganisms have adapted and bought resistance to drugs. Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global problem for health systems, with no human and animal scope. Salmonella consumes as one of the foodborne pathogens of great impact on public health. The occurrence of episodes with multidrug resistance is real on all continents and alternative methods should be investigated. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of green propolis extracts on Salmonella enterica, as well as to determine the content of bioactive compounds and the sensitivity profile to antimicrobials used in therapeutic use. A propolis was subjected to two types of extraction, ethanolic and ultrasonic, resulting from equal extractions of terminology. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity were quantified by the free radical DPPH. These extracts were diluted in ethanol in the applications: 100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25; 3.125; 1.56; 0.8; 0.4; 0.2 and 0.1 mg / mL-1. Two reference strains and 30 species of Salmonella genus processed by agricultural food and environment subsidized by cell viability tests using the microdilution method. Analyze the susceptibility profile of all strains for amikacin (30μg), norfloxacin (10μg), ceftriaxone (30μg), ceftiofur (30μg) and doxycycline (30μg), using the disk-diffusion method. The results showed those that presented a studied and crossed resistance field, and 83.3% (25/30) of the samples were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents used, only five times without resistance and 21 caused by multiresistants. Cross resistance occurred in 63.3% (19/30) of individuals facing cephalosporins. Regarding the action of ethanol extraction of green propolis, it was identified that the serotypes Agona, Anatum, Cerro, Saintpaul and all as strains of Schwarzengrund are the same or equal responses to minimal inhibition. To serovar, Heidelberg reduced the variability for MIC, using 6.25 to 25 mg / mL-1, as well as for the minimum bactericidal concentration with variations between 50 and 100 mg / mL-1. To extract ultrasound of green propolis from CIM, it presents equal responses for serotypes Agona, Cerro and Saintpaul. For Heidelberg serovar there was a variation for MIC between 6.25 to 25 mg / mL-1, for Schwarzengrund serovar there was a variation between 6.25 to 12.5 mg / mL-1. It is concluded that field isolates reinforce the alert about multidrug-resistant strains for antimicrobial bases chosen for therapeutic use in the context of animal and human health. The extracts of green propolis, due to their concentration of phenolic / flavonoid compounds and their antioxidant components, showed biological antimicrobial action that inhibited, in varying concentrations, Salmonella enterica serotypes from the poultry environment. For these observations, both extracts of green propolis can be considered as a dose-dependent alternative to Salmonella inhibition.Item Soroprevalência e fatores de risco associados com a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-06-25) Alves, Larissa Núbia; Oliveira, Vanessa Silvestre Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6090098982472156; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício Pires; Lopes, Welber Daniel ZanettiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in female bovines in reproductive age (above 24 months of age) of the State of Goiás, Brazil and the risk factors associated with its presence. Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction was used in samples of 2,970 cows from 263 farms, distributed in 223 municipalities. Epidemiological questionnaire was used to evaluate the risk factors. Results showed an average seroprevalence of T. gondii of 8.48% in cows of the State of Goiás and the microregions with higher chances (P≤0.05) of having infected animals were from Vão do Paranã, Anicuns, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Entorno do Distrito Federal, São Miguel do Araguaia, Ceres and Anápolis. Acquisition of females or males regarding reproductive purpose had a significant association (P≤0.05) with the occurrence of T. gondii in these regions, and there was also a positive correlation (correlation 0.7618; p = 0.047) amid the prevalence of T. gondii and the total area (in hectares) of forests present in these regions previously mentioned. These results highlight the importance of the meat from these animals being considered as an important route of infection for humans who eat this raw or undercooked food.Item Associações binárias de timol, carvacrol e eugenol para o controle de fases imaturas de vida livre de Amblyomma sculptum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-08-17) Silva, Francisca Letícia Vale da; Fernandes, Éverton Kort Kamp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/213554173234115; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/249641930639465; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Ferreira, Lorena LopesHis study aimed to evaluate whether the associations between thymol, carvacrol and eugenol on the immature life stages of Amblyomma sculptum have a synergistic effect, by means of in vitro test and under semi field conditions, as well as to evaluate the cost-benefit ratio of formulations. To assess the synergism, the substances were tested in vitro in isolation and associated at concentrations of 0.3125; 0.625; 1.25; 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL on non-fed larvae; and 2.5; 3.75; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0; 15.0 and 20 mg/mL on non-fed nymphs. For the test in semi field conditions, the two associations that obtained the best efficacy in in vitro tests were selected for application on plots of Panicum maximum artificially infested with A. sculptum larvae. In in vitro tests with larvae, the association between thymol and eugenol demonstrated synergistic effect at all tested concentrations; treatments associating thymol + carvacrol and eugenol + carvacrol demonstrated synergistic effect at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. In in vitro tests with nymphs, the association between thymol + eugenol showed synergistic effect at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL; the association between thymol + carvacrol resulted in a synergistic effect at a concentration of 10.0 mg/mL while treatments with the association of carvacrol + eugenol showed moderate synergism at concentrations of 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 mg/mL. The association of the substances allowed lower use to achieve mortality rates higher than 95% in in vitro tests, resulting in cost reduction. In semi field conditions the efficacy of the associations was 63.2% for thymol + eugenol association and 42.6% for carvacrol + eugenol association. Thus, depending on concentration, synergistic effects of binary associations between thymol, carvacrol and eugenol were observed for immature stages of A. sculptum, in addition to allowing cost reduction with the active principle for formulation development.Item Avaliação da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado de silos de estocagem em laticínios do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-30) Barbosa, Valessa Teixeira; Tenório, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate Cordeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5073363015303780; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Tenório, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate Cordeiro; Cerqueira, Mônica Maria Oliveira Pinho; Coelho, Karyne OliveiraBovine milk is the main raw material for dairy production and has a high nutritional value, as it provides essential nutrients for human nutrition. Although the dairy industry strictly controls microbial quality along milk processing lines, a large number of bacteria that can cause changes in its quality are identified during storage in silos. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality of refrigerated raw milk in storage silos in dairy industries in the state of Goiás and to study the influence of storage time and temperature on the growth of microorganisms during the silo emptying process for the processing of milk. Six dairy industries were selected in the state of Goiás, where one or two storage silos were randomly chosen for monitoring during the emptying of the silo. Samples were collected during the emptying of each silo, in duplicate, every thirty minutes. Milk samples from the same silos were also evaluated during simulation of a temperature increase of 2 to 7 ° C. The duration of emptying of the silo was evaluated; the temperature at the beginning of the process and every 30 minutes until the end of the process and the volume of milk in the silo or storage tank. The physicochemical characteristics (alizarol 72% stability, pH, titratable acidity, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and non-fat total solids) and the microbiological characteristics (total bacterial count, aerobic count, psychrotrophic, total coliforms and E. coli). It was possible to observe that the majority of the industries still have difficulties in maintaining the temperature of the milk in the storage silos below 4 ° C, with TBC within the allowed by the Brazilian law. It was observed that the time interference during the emptying of the storage silo on the milk quality was more significant than the increase in temperature. It is possible to affirm that it is necessary to guarantee the conditions that minimize the growth of microorganisms since obtaining the milk so that there is less impact on the quality of the milk and dairy productsItem Caracterização de extratos de própolis e efeito sobre Campylobacter termotolerantes de origem avícola(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-29) Calazans, Luíza Toffano Seidel; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Bruna Aparecida Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4021221951532780; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício Pires; Tenório, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate CordeiroThermotolerants Campylobacter are related to a group of pathogens that are carried by food and are currently considered as the main ones of global occurrence and with high frequency of resistance to antimicrobials. From the above, the present study aimed to identify biocomposites present in four extracts of green and red propolis and to evaluate alternatives regarding the antimicrobial potential. Extracts from Brazil, obtained by conventional ethanol extraction and extraction assisted by ultrasound, were evaluated. Four cultures of collections and twenty-five isolates from three species (Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari) comprised the study. The technique used was microdilution in broth in a 96-well plate, which allowed the analysis of eleven concentrations of the propolis extracts (0.01 to 100 mg / mL-1). Variability was observed for antimicrobial activity. Greater microbial viability and motility were identified by optical microscopy at the highest concentrations of propolis tested. In addition, regarding the effect on bacterial viability of red propolis in relation to green propolis, the red one showed more efficient. There was no difference in extraction methods. It is concluded that the propolis extracts had an unsatisfactory antimicrobial effect, as well as a cellular protective effect for high concentrations in this study, regardless of the extraction method, which may have a desirable connotation for laboratory diagnosis.Item Função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo em cães com doença mixomatosa valvar mitral(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-12-27) Sousa, Paulo Roberto de; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3900110295277130; Torres, Bruno Benetti Junta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7060242425070126; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5593911382353878; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Sousa, Marlos Gonçalves; Damasceno, Adilson DonizetiMyxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), or mitral valve endocardiosis, is the most prevalent acquired heart disease in dogs, being the main cause of heart failure in small dogs. The echocardiographic examination, which allows cardiac morphological and functional evaluation, is considered the “gold standard” test for diagnosing and staging MMVD in dogs. Information obtained by echocardiography on ventricular function also determines the prognosis in dogs with MMVD, since systolic dysfunction is a risk factor in these patients and contributes to the development of heart failure. However, the assessment of ventricular systolic function using conventional echocardiographic indexes is limited, since it is directly influenced by preload and afterload factors. The evaluation of cardiac mechanics by strain (ST) and strain rate (STR), using two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STE), allows, in humans, an earlier diagnosis of ventricular dysfunction. In addition, the mitral ring tissue displacement (TMAD) is an index of longitudinal systolic function that has a good correlation with conventional echocardiographic indices and low intra and interobserver variability. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify whether the myocardial deformity indexes (ST and STR) and the TMAD are more accurate and precocious than the conventional echocardiographic indexes in the assessment of left ventricular systolic function in dogs with MMVD, measuring the variables in the day of diagnosis (T0) and after 30 days (T30). For this purpose, 29 dogs were evaluated, categorized according to the ACVIM consensus, eight of which were in stage B1, 12 in stage B2 and nine in stage C. Considering the conventional variables used in this study, the presence of systolic dysfunction was not observed in dogs with MMVD, however changes after the start of pharmacological treatment were observed in the variables FET% and MAM. From the 2D-STE evaluation, similar to the conventional evaluation, systolic dysfunction cannot be determined in dogs with MMVD. However, the longitudinal ST variable indexed by weight showed a significant increase between the assessment times in group C, being still significantly higher in C than in B2, at administration, and higher in C than in the other groups after treatment. For the variable longitudinal STR it decreased in T30 in B1 and increased in C. When comparing the groups, in T30, group C showed higher values than in B1 and B2. Still, the variables longitudinal ST and TMAD showed a significant negative correlation when indexed to weight. In conclusion, the assessment of myocardial deformity using 2D-STE assessment did not demonstrate superiority compared to conventional indices for the diagnosis of systolic dysfunction in dogs with MMVD in its different stages.