Territorialização e identidades: os indígenas citadinos no Brasil
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2022-02-25
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The present dissertation, with the theme Territorialization and Identities: urban indigenous people in Brazil, aims to analyze the urban context and the causes of migration of indigenous peoples, as well as to highlight the violence to which they are subjected as a result of not having their ethnic identity recognized. The Brazilian Federal Constitution, promulgated in 1988, the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention 169, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples are legal documents in force and valid because they are part of the Brazilian legal system. In dealing with indigenous peoples and their rights, these norms at no time differentiate between indigenous people who live in an urban context and those who live in officially recognized Indigenous Lands (IT). These legal texts guarantee that the rights provided should be directed to all indigenous peoples, without discriminating them on the basis of their ethnicity or the lands they occupy, since the condition of being indigenous is independent of where they live. However, this differentiation is made by the State, through FUNAI (National Indian Foundation), which has the legal duty to guarantee, protect, and care for these peoples regardless of their village status. The official indigenist policy formulated and executed by FUNAI is directed at the indigenous peoples living in villages, to the detriment of the indigenous peoples mentioned above who, in this way, are made invisible and are beyond the reach of institutional protection, even though this is their right. Indigenous peoples possess identity, territorial, cultural, and self-determination rights, recognized by the aforementioned legislation. In light of this recognition, the present work, developed by means of the quanti-qualitative method, seeks to offer subsidies for reflection on why institutional practices and policies do not meet the constitutional and conventional command and guarantees without reductionism or restrictive interpretation with regard to the identity and territorial rights of indigenous peoples. Thus, in the first chapter, we seek to demonstrate that modernity, as the imposition of the Eurocentric identity, resulted in the negation of other identities. In the second chapter, a study will be conducted on the identity and territory of the indigenous inhabitants of cities, seeking to highlight the relationship between land, specific territorialities and new identities. Finally, the last chapter deals with the institutional refusal to recognize the identity of the indigenous in an urban context as a continuation of colonial violence. Furthermore, the final part demonstrates the ethnic struggles for the reaffirmation and guarantee of the identity rights for all the indigenous peoples that have been affirmed by the aforementioned legislation, demonstrating the plurinational reality in which Brazil is constituted.
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SILVA, I. S. S. Territorialização e identidades: os indígenas citadinos no Brasil. 2022. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito Agrário) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2022.