Estratégias de melhoramento do feijoeiro-comum para altos teores de ferro e zinco
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2015-02-20
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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During 85 years, the common beans breeding was dedicated efforts to important agronomic, industrial and cooking traits. During this period, the nutritional quality of primary food was not worked. However, with malnutrition rates rising, research entities directed resources in this new strategy, known as biofortification. The objectives of this study were: to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters among inbred lines for iron (TFe) and zinc content (TZn) in grain; verify the presence of genotypes with environments interaction for TFe and TZn in the grain; select strains that add both high nutritional quality in the grain and high agronomic potential; check for genetic relationship between TFe and the TZn; and verify the need for testing in various environments for TFe and TZn. Initially, 140 lines were evaluated, 68 of carioca, 30 black, 16 pinto, 14 early carioca and 12 purple type. Each preliminary test was carried out separately by grain type, in some environments, in 2011 year, in case blocks with three replications. Agronomic traits were evaluated in multiple environments and levels of iron and zinc, in one of these environments. Individual analyses of variance were performed and estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters for commercial grain type. Of the 140 lines evaluated were initially identified 22 with high TFe and TZn in the grain, to compose the validation test, which was installed in 2013 year in five environments, in a randomized block design, with two replications for evaluation of TFe and TZn. The data were submitted to individual variance analysis and joint analysis. Also adaptability and phenotypic stability was evaluated using the method of Nunes et al. (2005). Estimates were obtained from phenotypic and genetic correlations between TFe and TZn in grain, correlation between environments estimates were also obtained to identify the most representative. The condition for selection of inbred lines with higher TFe and TZn the grain is favorable, as showed high heritability and expressive expected gains with the selection. There was a predominance of the interaction of simple type between TFe and TZn with the environments. The inbred lines CNFP 15701, CNFC 15865, CNFM 15632 and CNFRx 15602 are indicated as parents in developing cultivars, for added good nutritional composition in the grain. The inbred lines CNFC 15833, CNFC 15703, CNFP 15676 and CNFRx 15602 been selected as candidates in developing biofortified crops because allied agronomic and nutritional characters. Was detected positive genetic association and intermediate magnitude between TFe and TZn in common bean grain. The environment Ponta Grossa-PR in the dry season, It was nominated as the best review site for nutritional characters. The display of biofortified cultivate cultivation environment should be considered, since this strongly influences the expression of genetic potential.
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MARTINS, S. M. Estratégias de melhoramento do feijoeiro-comum para altos teores de ferro e zinco. 2015. 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.