Reconfiguração da paisagem nas savanas da Amazônia: o processo de ocupação do "lavrado" no município de Boa Vista, Roraima
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2016-10-14
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The state of Roraima (Brazil) has the largest continous area of savannas (cerrados) of the Amazon biome, occupying a surface of 42.706 km2. “Lavrado”, the name assigned to the region of savannas in Roraima, has been submitted to a continuous process of change due the establishment or enlargement of highway axis which work as support for expansion projects in agriculture and cattle raising. Currently in the Brazilian regions of savannas, there are the major part of the great plans of expansion for the agribusiness sector (sugar cane, soy, silviculture etc.), which introduced a wide modification in the geological conditions of the landscape. In this context, the aim of this study was to ascertain the existence of indicatives that the type of occupation of amazon savannas, in Roraima, emulates the one adopted in the Cerrado of the center of Brazil and disregard the environmental specificities of the ecosystem of amazon savanna, in which concern to its biological importance and geoecological singularity. The municipality of Boa Vista, area selected for the research, was considered as a representative scenario of this recent process of expansion of agriculture and cattle raising in Roraima. The period between the years of 2000 and 2014 represents a period of marked changes of the profile of use and occupation of land in savanna areas in the state. In this perspective we adopted the methodology of Environmental Analysis by Geoprocessing proposed by Xavier da Silva and Carvalho Filho (1993). The results permitted to affirm the historical process of occupation of savannas of Roraima emulates the model of development, supposedly virtuous, conceived and implemented for the Cerrado of the center of Brazil, from the actions of the State, initially through regional plans of development, followed by the creation of agricultural colonies, intensification of migratory process, investments in infrastructure of transportation and provision of subsidiated credit, among others. The government of Roraima, when taking the role of development of Roraima to itself, focused the strategies in the strength of agriculture and cattle raising. Thus, the savanna areas became strategic to the productive process. However, the occupation and expansion of agricultural activities in the landscapes of savannas of Roraima is also guided by extra-local decisions, which ones are intrinsically linked to the action of politics and/or social actors. The interpretation of satellite images, backed in the making of thematic maps and quantification in GIS environment, showed that an intensification of the use and modification of land cover in the municipality of Boa Vista, linked to the production of grains, has been contributed for the displacement of cattle raising, traditional fields and savannas for the forest areas of the South of the state, contributing for the alteration of landscapes of savannas of the municipality. Thus, we notice that the model of development in consolidation in the state is marked by the intensified use of savannas and is materializing itself in the space, through monocultures mostly of soy, legitimation of land concentration, intensification of mechanization, and the results has been the negative environmental impacts. According to the singularities of the savannas of Roraima, it is a job for the managers – public and private ones – intensify the process of strategic planning aiming the sustainable use of the natural resources of the savannas. This process must have as guiding instrument the Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEE), where the actors involved insert the environmental question with long term views, and the aptitudes and particularities of the ecosystem may be potentiated with the verticalization of the agriculture and cattle raising production, affecting all productive sectors, as well as promoting researches aiming the maintenance of the ecosystem services of the savannas in the scope of the already existent process of development.
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SILVA, G. F. N. Reconfiguração da paisagem nas savanas da Amazônia: o processo de ocupação do "lavrado" no município de Boa Vista, Roraima. 2016. 142 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.