Sistema reprodutivo e fluxo gênico via pólen em uma coleção de germoplasma de Eugenia dysenterica DC.
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2012-09-03
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The success of any breeding program or genetic resources conservation depends on the knowledge about gene flow, reproductive system and genetic variability in the studied populations. For perennial plants, germplasm collection maintained ‘in vivo’ and ‘ex situ’ can be an efficient method for conserving the genetic variability of a species is maintained outside its original habitat. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive system and pollen-mediated gene flow in one generation of Eugenia dysenterica DC. from the germoplasma collection of the Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos from Universidade Federal de Goiás. We collected leaves from 404 adult plants and seeds from 23 mother-trees in the germplasm collection. Genotypes were obtained using eight microsatellite loci, four of them developed for E. dysenterica, and four transferred from Eucalyptus spp. The total number of alleles was 88, ranging from 4 to 20 for the eight loci analyzed (mean of 11 alleles per locus). The mean expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity were equal to 0.646 and 0.423, respectively. Additionally, the high combined paternity exclusion probability (QC= 0.99579), and the low combined probability of identity (IC = 7.9 x10-5) indicate that markers can be reliable for this kind of analysis. Multilocus outcrossing rates (t ̂_m= 0.957) and single locus outcrossing rates (t ̂_s= 0.848) were high. Biparental inbreeding (t_m-t_s =0,109) ) combined for all families analyzed was also high and significant, sugesting the occurrence of 10.9% of cross-fertilization between related individuals. Paternity correlation was also low (r ̂_p=0,119), with 11.9% of the progeny sired by cross-fertilization with the same pollen donor. On average 10.79% of the progeny analyzed were derived by biparental cross, whereas 84.70% were formed by multi-parental crosses, being related to the degree of half-sibs. Only 4.6% of the seeds were formed by selfing. Paternity was successfully assigned with 95% of confidence to 32% (171) of the seeds analyzed, most likely due to non-sampled candidate pollen donors or because the loci battery could not demonstrated the optimal values for the combined exclusion. The maximum pollen dispersal distance (224 m) corresponded to the length of the orchard. The “big-bang” flowering pattern and the aggregated spatial distribution of adults may have favored short distance pollen dispersal at the germplasm collection of E. dysenterica. Our results show that the E. dysenterica germplasm collection preserves the genetic diversity present in natural populations of southeastern Goiás and can be a reliable approach for maintenance of genetic diversity of the species for the future.
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RODRIGUES, E. B. Sistema reprodutivo e fluxo gênico via pólen em uma coleção de germoplasma de Eugenia dysenterica DC. 2012. 80 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.