Arcabouço gravimétrico brasileiro e o meio ambiente: possibilidades e perspectivas
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2018-04-30
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Geodesy, one of the strands that compose the Geosciences, deals with the study of Earth’s gravity shape,
dimensions and field, besides providing the reference infrastructure for social and economic development
throughout the planet In Brazil, the geodetic infrastructure has been developed over time through the
implementation of high precision planialtimetric and gravimetric networks. In recent years, Geodesy has relied
on satellite technologies to provide fast, precise and accurate positioning that allows considering the
movements and deformations of global lithospheric plates. This thesis refers to the synergy between the
national geodetic infrastructure and some current environmental issues. Thus, besides exploring Geodesy
minutiae, the first objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that, in the most developed regions of Brazil, the
gravimetric network acts as a consolidated infrastructure for the implementation of other Engineering
infrastructures; on the other hand, in regions that are less developed and difficult to access, gravimetric
networks evolve as infrastructure demands arise. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the analysis of
Brazilian gravimetric network distribution and its spatial and statistical relation to the Human Development
Index and the population distribution. The results confirmed that in Brazil there is an correlation between
spatial coverage of the gravimetric network and the Human Development Index. In the North region there is a
deficiency in gravimetric network coverage, explained by precarious socioeconomic development, access
difficulties, and large tracts of protected land. The obtained results also demonstrated that the national geoidal
model resultant from gravimetric network MAPGEO2015 serves 89.72% of Brazilian population. Another
evaluated hypothesis is that due to the large proportion of Brazilian hydrographic regions and to the number
of installed active stations of SIRGAS network in part of the national territory, the association between
SIRGAS stations altimetric data and the amount of water stored underground, detected by GRACE satellite
system, occurs precariously. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the correlation between altitude
variation data from SIRGAS active stations and GRACE satellite system data. The results confirmed that in
some of Brazilian hydrographic regions a statistical correlation was found between the altimetric variation of
SIRGAS network and GRACE data. The results suggest that densification of active stations network can
provide a hydrological monitoring system of fundamental importance in extreme climatic events, such as
those that produce water supply crises or floods. In this work, a new geoidal model for state of Goiás,
MODGEO-GO, was also proposed, based on new in loco surveys that led to a densification of Goiás
gravimetric network. MODGEO-GO can assist more effectively planning and implementing major
infrastructure works necessary for Goiás development. Finally, the global interpolation model with local effect,
called Thin Plate Spline, was evaluated with MAPGEO2105 data. The results showed great potential of this
interpolator, which can be adopted in future modeling of geoidal surfaces in Brazil.
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CASTRO JÚNVIOR, C. A. C. Arcabouço gravimétrico brasileiro e o meio ambiente: possibilidades e perspectivas. 2018. 234 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.