Floresta no cerrado? Dinâmica espacial da eucaliptocultura no sudoeste de Goiás
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2017-10-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Eucalyptus cultivation is an expanding activity in the world and in Brazil, permeated by
controversial debates, which reached Southwest of Goiás in the 1980s, but expanded from the
2000s, constituting true "forest" landscapes in the Cerrado. This work aimed to understand
the spatial dynamics of eucalyptus culture in the Southwest of Goiás, assuming that the
activity is complementary in the productive space circuit of grains and meats, consolidated in
the region, and that its regional expansion occurred in marginal areas. The appreciation of
eucalyptus cultivation in various parts of the world and Brazil allowed us to identify the main
variables of its spatial dynamics, namely, the actors, the technical system, the purposes of
production and the inherited space. The spatial analysis of the activity in the Southwest of
Goiás was based on the interpretation of the actions of the actors, protagonists and
supportings, that produce for a certain purpose of production, conducting diverse technical
systems, on the different portions of the regional inherited space. Several combinations of
these elements of analysis resulted in the spatialization of spatial arrangements that,
dialectically, promoted the reconfiguration of the inherited space. The results of this analysis
indicate that the grain and meat agroindustries located in Rio Verde started and expanded
eucalyptus cultivation for their energy supply, around their units, usually in marginal areas,
promoting socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Availability of credit for the
implantation of "forests", expectation of increased demand and high price of firewood
encouraged small, medium and large producers to plant eucalyptus in other municipalities,
starting in 2005, such as Jataí, Serranópolis, Mineiros and Santa Rita do Araguaia, where the
eucalyptus trees replaced extensive pastures, therefore, areas underutilized or marginalized
by the dominant productive process. The physical characteristics of these areas, especially the
sandy soils, give them ecological dynamics vulnerable to intensive agricultural production.
When conducted under recommended management, the eucalyptus allowed the productive
diversification of agricultural establishments and are indicated for use and recovery of areas
with low agricultural potential. However, when submitted to inadequate management,
eucalyptus presents exposed soil, reduced fertility and soil organic matter in marginal areas.
The spatialization of eucalyptus cultivation also promoted financial valorization, subordinate
and complementary insertion in the regional production and cooptation by the productive andfinancial capital of the marginal areas, reconfiguring these portions of the inherited space.
However, the increase in planted area, including the largest consumer agroindustries, resulted
in an increase in the production of firewood, the main product of the eucalyptus plantations in
the Southwest of Goiás, above regional demand, starting in 2014. In this context, a crisis
began, when supply increased, prices fell, nurseries closed and producers found no market for
their products. In some areas, the combination of indebted producers, lacking in technical
knowledge, very sandy soils derived from friable sandstones, high slopes, genetic materials
inadequate to ecological conditions, inadequate logistics and reduced demand for firewood
generated high ecological and economic vulnerability. Eucalyptus became a symbol of hope in
disappointment for most of the producers in the Southwest of Goiás.
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SOUSA, M. S. Floresta no cerrado? Dinâmica espacial da eucaliptocultura no sudoeste de Goiás. 2017. 331 f.
Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.