Dos princípios do direito político às comunidades políticas concretas: uma análise a partir da obra de Rousseau
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2022-11-09
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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In the Social Contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau exposes his political theory on the possibilities of establishing a legitimate social order, as well as the means necessary for its conservation. In this sense, based on the principles of political right prescribed in this work, which confront the reality of concrete political bodies, our objective was precisely to use them to analyze the legitimacy of the cases of real societies examined by Rousseau throughout his work. Our investigation, therefore, had as its initial focus the analysis of the cases of Rome, Corsica and Poland. Subsequently, we deal in detail with the case of the Republic of Geneva from the study of Letters written from the mountain, which made it possible to understand the influence of Geneva on Rousseau's political thought, as well as the context of political turmoil in that republic and the controversies arising from the publication of the Emilio and of the Social Contract, a scenario that contributed to the emergence of the Letters. Furthermore, when analyzing in detail the case of Geneva present in this writing, it was possible to understand how the figures of the sovereign and the government in that republic were related, and also the process by which the first was weakened by the abuses of the second, which contradicts the legitimacy prescribed in the Contract. In this way, the constant abuses of the government in relation to the sovereign allowed us to realize that in Geneva sovereignty and the general will were not properly respected. We consider, therefore, that the Contract and other texts by Rousseau that deal with concrete political communities offered us the necessary subsidies to think about the relationship between theory and practice in the author's thinking. In this way, we do not distance ourselves from Rousseau's objectives in the Contract concerning the correct understanding of its principles, taking them only as a reference scale to assess the situation of concrete societies, and not as a project that will necessarily be followed in all circumstances. With this, we highlight the problems involved in the transition from the theoretical to the practical level, which was demonstrated by the Genevan not only in the examination of historical cases present in his texts, but also in the Contract itself, when he alerts us to the importance of first considering the specificities of each society so that only then can we think about the measures to be taken with a view to its proper functioning.
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SILVA, Eduarda Santos. Dos princípios do direito político às comunidades políticas concretas: uma análise a partir da obra de Rousseau. 2022. 136 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Filosofia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2022.