Detecção molecular e monitoramento sazonal de adenovírus em águas fluviais no município de Goiânia, Goiás-Brasil: correlação com parâmetros físico-químicos, bacteriológicos e Metanálise avaliativa de metodologias
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2009-05-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Although water is of vital importance for living beings, due to antropic action it
becomes a way of dissemination of several microorganisms, which reach aquatic
environments through the faeces of man and other animals and can cause several
illnesses, especially for immunocompromised individuals. During routine
environmental monitoring, coliform bacteria are normally used as a microbiological
parameter of water quality, which does not evidence its contamination by viruses.
Several researchers have proposed the detection of adenovirus (AdVs) by PCR as a
molecular index to monitor other enteric viruses. AdVs are among the most persistent
and ubiquitous enteric viruses present in water and associated with a variety of
clinical manifestations. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of water collected
from lakes and rivers in Goiânia as to the occurrence of AdVs. Water samples were
collected monthly, from December 2007 to November 2008, at five different points in
Goiânia (lakes of Bosque dos Buritis and Vaca Brava park, João Leite and Meia
Ponte rivers downstream and upstream the municipal sewage treatment plant). The
analyses were carried out at the Laboratório de Diagnóstico Genético e Molecular
and Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Universidade Federal de
Goiás. All the samples were filtered in a positively-charged nylon membrane followed
by molecular detection using PCR and semi-nested PCR. Also, we performed
physical-chemical and bacteriological tests to correlate these results with the
occurrence of AdVs. Simultaneously, the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Agentes
Emergentes e Re-emergentes carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate three methods
of concentration of AdVs coupled to molecular detection in samples of untreated
water. Since 29 out of the 54 water samples collected were positive for AdVs
(39.2%), our results suggest the use of the methodology proposed in the present
study for the detection of these pathogens in water. We observed statistically
significant difference between nitrites, phosphates, fixed residues, total residues and
the occurrence of AdVs, whereas no correlation was observed between fecal
coliforms and AdVs. Furthermore, the occurrence of AdVs in the state of Goiás
shows a seasonal trend. Based on the 33 studies selected for the meta-analysis, it
was possible to get to the following interpretations: the most effective method to
detect AdVs in samples from rivers or lakes was ultracentrifugation combined with
nested-PCR; it is advisable to use a combination of microfiltration membrane and
ultrafugation with the subsequent diagnosis using qPCR to detect AdVs in samples of
treated and untreated sewage. This has been the first study carried out for the
detection and monitoring of AdVs in water bodies in the Midwestern Region of Brazil
and the present results may be useful to propose the eco-epidemiological profile of
AdVs or even the routes of some neglected diseases, which points out the need to
define a virus indicator
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SILVA, Hugo Delleon da. Adenovirus molecular detection and seasonal monitoring in bodies of
water in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás-Brazil: correlation with
physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters and meta-analysis
to evaluate methodologies. 2009. 179 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciencias da Saude) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2009.