Pré-fabricação: arquitetura ou construção ?
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2016-02-26
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This research examines the issue of prefabrication in concrete under the gaze of architecture from three axes: historical analysis, technological analysis and theoretical analysis. The historical analysis explores the subject from the beginning of the reinforced concrete evolution and the emergency needs during the post-war in Europe. Either prefabrication or precast, gained space and meaning in the modern architecture with clear temporal, aesthetic and ideological link to Brutalism. At another times, the use of this technology seemed needless, limited to a single building - a prototype - despite all important prefabricated buildings already constructed. In Brazil, several experiments were performed at the Universidade de Brasília – “the prefabrication university” – having the architect João Filgueiras Lima, Lelé, as the main protagonist. The technological analysis opens the way for understanding the prefabricated building methods, sometimes engendered by the architecture itself, like ferrocement technology. Also problems concerning constructability are under discussion, while the prefabrication comes into disuse in the 1980’s. Theoretical analysis brings to the agenda the discussion of the essence of prefabricated architecture and explores the reasons for the dissociation between technology and art, either architecture or prefabrication. Here, the public school building systems conducted by prefabrication, created in Brazil also in the 1980’s is a good example. Known by the initials CIACs, CAICs, CEUs, FDE, they are all schools with a strong visual identity and a clear political link that does not allow these programs to last long. With the absence of big players like Lelé, prefabrication became an outdated issue for architecture, although it’s increasingly applied in engineering. Commercial pre-fabrication becomes consistent with the building structure acting as a construction subsystem - like the FDE case, the invisible part of the building waiting for a wrapper. KEYWORDS: Prefabrication; precast; technology and project process; architecture; Brazil; Joao Filgueiras Lima.
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CARVALHO NETO, M. B. Pré-fabricação: arquitetura ou construção ? 2016. 177 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Projeto e Cidade) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.