Estudo dos parasitos oportunistas em águas fluviais de uso humano no município de Goiânia-Goiás, Brasil, 2006/2007
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2008-03-26
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Introduction: Water is a substance of vital importance for beings, but, due to the
antropic action, several microorganisms are disseminated by it. Within these
microorganisms, one special attention must be given to the opportunistic parasites.
These ones come to the aquatic environments through the faeces of man and other
animals, and they can unchain several offences to health, especially in
immunodepressed and immunosuppressed individuals. By routine of tracking, the
bacteriums of the coliformes’ groups are used normally as microbiological parameter,
which does not evidence the real contamination by other pathogens, involving the
real microbiological quality of water. In this context, most sensitive techniques must
be developed and aggregated normally to the used ones as routine of environmental
tracking. Objectives: to evaluate the quality of water in human use from the Municipal
District of Goiania-Goiaz in relation to the presence of helminthes and opportunistic
protozoa, with emphasis in the research of the Coccideos and intestinal Microsporas.
Methodology: The samples of water were collected monthly – from february2006 to
january2007, in six points: in Meia-Ponte River and Ribeirão João Leite River, which
supply the Municipal District of Goiania; and Bosque dos Buritis Lake and Parque
Vaca Brava Lake. The laboratorial analysis were achieved in NUPEREME and
LDGM. The procedures for the study of water was the method of filter membrane
commended by “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”.
The opportunistic parasite agents were identified by the technique of concentration
and specific coloration for coccideos and microsporidios, immunofluorecence by Kit
MeryFluor and bio-molecular techniques, using PCR. The helminthes were identified
by the method of Hoffman Pons and Janner (1934). Results: Of 72 collected
samples, two of them were positive for Cryptosporidium spp by the technique of
Ziehl-Nelseen and the Kit Mery-Fluor. Utilizing the technique of PCR, the specimen
Cryptosporidium parvum was confirmed to the collected sample in Meia-Ponte River,
2km from ETE-Goiania, which did not occur with other sample identified in Vaca
Brava Lake. Utilizing the technique of Hoffman Pons and Janner (1934), on
confirmation by the technique of immunofluorescence of the Kit Mery-Fluor, cysts of
Giardia were found in Ribeirão João Leite River, in a point before the act of
captivating from SANEAGO (Sanitation of Goiás) at 2.77%(2/72), and another one in Municipal of Goianápolis at 1.38%(1/72), where receives a great part of the
sewerage generated by Anapolis City. The techniques of Kynioum and Hot-
Cromotrope did not showed positivity for any of the opportunistic protozoa
researched in this work. About the helminthes, 23.6% (17/72) of the samples were
positive for larvas of free life, and 2.77%(2/72) for eggs, detecting Ascaris
lumbricoides and Hymenolepis diminuta. In relation to the temperature and humidity,
significant result was not obtained statistically. However, it did not influence on the
occurrence of the protozoarios and helminths. Conclusion: The applied
parasitological methodologies showed to be at low cost, relatively fast ones, even not
specific. For the specific identification was necessary to utilization of molecular
methods
helminthes showed major positivity, maybe by the practicality of the method,
demonstrating speed and low cost to the diagnosis.
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SANTOS, Sônia de Fátima Oliveira. Estudo dos parasitos oportunistas em águas fluviais de uso humano no município de Goiânia-Goiás, Brasil, 2006/2007. 2008. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Goiás,Goiânia, 2008.