Ultrassonografia e morfometria do processo de involução dos componentes umbilicais de cordeiros sadios e com onfalopatia
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2020-11-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Despite the vast literature on the systemic consequences of umbilical disorders, little has been published about the use of ultrasound to diagnose omphalopathies in small ruminants. Therefore, the objectives of this PhD thesis were: (i) to describe the physiological regression of umbilical structures in healthy sheep - from their first day of life until the completion of this research - using ultrasound imagery of umbilical structures in Santa Inês breeds from natural conception (SMN) (n = 15 ), Dorper from natural conception (DMN) (n = 15) and Dorper from embryo transfer (DTE) (n = 18); (ii) to compare the evolution in the diameters of the measured structures between the two breeds (Dorder and Santa Inês); (iii) to evaluate lambs with omphalopathies - from first clinical signs, or initial sonographic changes, until the end of trials - and compare the data with those from healthy animals; and (iv) sonographically and histotologically describe the clinical cases, as well as related systemic changes such as death or recovery, of five lambs affected by omphalopathies, which were followed throughout the research, and (v) validate ultrasound as an early diagnostic method for this species. In healthy animals, all intra-abdominal umbilical structures could be evaluated in their longitudinal direction. Among all groups of structures being analysed, the urachus (P2) was the first one to finish its involution. Natural conception groups (SMN and DMN) presented similar regression, after the urachus, the umbilical vein at (P5), in days very close to regression the umbilical arteries (P3 and P4) and finally, the hepatic portion of the umbilical vein, in the positions (P6 and P7). In the group (DTE), shortly after the regression of the urachus, the regression of the umbilical vein in the abdominal (P5) and hepatic (P6) portions have followed. Subsequently, after one to two days, the involution of the portion in (P7) has taken place and, only then, around the 14th day, occurred the regression of the umbilical arteries (P3 and P4). There were no great differences in the process of umbilical involution between the breeds Dorper and Santa Inês nor between the methods of conception. We have thus concluded that healthy lambs present a pattern of umbilical structures involution in which 80% of the animals finish the process between their 12th and 14th day of age. In this research, the cases of five lambs with omphalopathies (three from the Santa Inês breed and two from the Dorper breed) were described. Out of these unhealthy animals, three lambs - which were diagnosed with omphaloarteritis by ultrasonography and later in histopathology - have died naturally. Two of them were recovered after treatment, one had omphalophlebitis and the other one had omphaloarteritis. The lesions of the umbilical structures, monitored by ultrasonography, are described in the thesis. The observation and evaluation of these five reported cases have shown that the use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of lambs which present clinical signs suggesting alterations of umbilical structures, with or without systemic involvement, is promising. The results of this study demonstrate that ultrasonography can be used in ovines for describing the regression of the remaining umbilical structures in healthy animals and that ultrasound imagery can be used in routine exams of lambs that present anomalies in their physical tests as a way of diagnosing umbilical alterations and preventing the progression of diseases caused by umbilical infections.
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Onfalite , Ovino , Ultrassom , Umbigo , Vasculite , Navel , Omphalopathies , Ovine , Ultrasound , Vasculitis
Citação
PEREIRA, C. S. Ultrassonografia e morfometria do processo de involução dos componentes umbilicais de cordeiros sadios e com onfalopatia. 2020. 124 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Animal) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.