Avaliação de alterações cardiovasculares relacionadas ao efeito de drogas antiepilépticas em ratos submetidos ao modelo de indução de epilepsia pela pilocarpina
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2018-05-18
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Epilepsy is one of the most common problems in the neurological clinic, affecting up to
1% of the world population, moreover, individuals with epilepsy have a higher mortality
than the general population. Thus, the interest in investigating cardiac changes in patients
with epilepsy has been increasing, and some studies have associated the use of
antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with cardiovascular disorders. In this context, there are
hypotheses that patients using specific AEDs, sodium channel blockers, have an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In our study, we sought to evaluate
cardiovascular responses in epileptic rats submitted to chronic administration of
carbamazepine (CBZ) or lamotrigine (LTG). Baseline cardiovascular parameters [Systolic
blood pressure (SBP); Diastolic blood pressure (DBP); Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
heart rate (HR)] were recorded through cannulation of the femoral artery and electrode
implant after sixty days of treatment with AED or vehicle [(150mg / kg (vo)]. The animals
were submitted to a baroreflex test with bolus administration of phenylephrine (PHE - 5μg)
and sodium nitroprusside (NPS - 10μg) via cannulation of the femoral vein and later
submitted to a challenge with isoproterenol. Through the recording of baseline
cardiovascular parameters, we also analyzed the heart rate variability (HRV) and the
number of extrasystoles. After all procedures in vivo, samples of the heart were retained
for histological analyzes of cardiac tissue. The division of the groups was performed in
controls without epilepsy (CNT), epileptics (EP), epileptics treated with CBZ (CBZ) and
epileptics treated with LTG (LTG). In our results the epileptic rats presented all the
baseline cardiovascular parameters higher than the parameters of animals without
epilepsy. CBZ treatment reduced resting HR, SBP and MAP compared to untreated
epileptic animals. Treatment with LTG also reduced resting HR compared to the EP
group. We also observed that the EP group had a greater cross-sectional area (CSA) of
cardiomyocytes when compared to the other groups and an increased accumulation of
perivascular collagen in comparison to CNT and CBZ groups. In this way, we can suggest
that chronic use of AEDs may influence cardiovascular responses and cardiac
microstructure.
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SOUZA, B. P. Avaliação de alterações cardiovasculares relacionadas ao efeito de drogas antiepilépticas em ratos submetidos ao modelo de indução de epilepsia pela pilocarpina. 2018. 72 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Fisiológicas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.