Ingestão de nutrientes e anemia em crianças de creches municipais em Goiânia
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Data
2008-02-14
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Introduction: The high prevalence of anemia, which is a serious public health
problem, together with an early and in appropriate introduction of food for children,
shows a close relationship between feeding practices and the presence of anemia.
Objectives: To compare anemia among anemic and non-anemic children enrolled in
municipal day nurseries of Goiânia, the socioeconomic and demographic
characteristics, nutritional status, distribution of the consumption of macronutrients
and the intake of micronutrients (calcium, iron and vitamin C), for Dietary Reference
Intakes; evaluate and compare the ingestion of total iron, heme and non-heme iron
and the bioavailable iron in the diets of anemic and non-anemic children from 12 to
24 months and compare the bioavailable iron according to algorithms developed by
Monsen et al. and FAO / WHO. Methods: Observational study of cross-sectional
analysis with children from 6 to 24 months in Goiânia-Goiás, in the years of 2005 and
2006. Investigations of socioeconomic, demographic and food (direct food weighing
and 24 hour dietary recall) were applied for 2 days and the anthropometric evaluation
and the dosage of hemoglobin were done. The diagnosis of anemia was determined
by the level of hemoglobin less than 11 g / dL. Results: 89 children were studied.
The prevalence of anemia was 53.9%. It was observed an statistically significant
difference between anemic and non-anemic children as for per capita income. The
proportion of macronutrients in the diets of the evaluated groups was appropriate and
there was no difference statistically significant. Among the anemic children (n = 47),
the prevalence of inadequacy was 12.8% for iron and 8.5% for vitamin C, whereas in
the non-anemic ones (n = 41), the prevalence of inadequacy for iron and vitamin C
was: 14.6% and 7.3%, respectively. The average intake of calcium was 50% above
the recommendations in both groups. By the criterion of the World Health
Organization, it was realized an anthropometric evaluation in three moments and the
anemic had greater z-score according to the weight / length than non-anemic in the 2
and 3 moments (p = 0.015 p = 0.006) respectively . The average consumption of total
iron, non-heme and bioavailable iron were low in the groups studied, showing no
statistically significant difference. There was an intense positive correlation between
the methodologies used to evaluate the iron bioavailable (r = 0.91 r = 0.84) for nonanemic
and anemic children, respectively. Conclusion: There was a statistically
difference between per capita income and anemia. It was observed a greater z-score
for the index weight / length in the anemic children. There was no statistically
difference between the two groups in relation to the consumption of calcium, iron and
vitamin C, however there was a significant prevalence of inadequacy of iron and
vitamin C, besides a high intake of calcium in the diet. There was a low total
consumption of iron, heme and non-heme and bioavailable iron that reinforces the
importance of the knowledge of food consumption of children, as well as the adoption
of measures that ensure the supply of food sources of iron and food promoters of
bioavailability of this micronutrient.
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Citação
BERALDO, Fernanda Carneiro. Nutrients intake and anemia in children of day nurseries of Goiânia. 2008. 167 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde - Medicina) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2008.