Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Chrysolaena simplex (Less) Dematt. E Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) em ambientes rupestres da Serra Dourada, Goiás
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2013-10-01
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Asteraceae is one of the most
common families of cerrado herbs and subshrubs. Plants in this family vary widely in structure
in response to environmental conditions. The present study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy
and histochemistry of aerial and underground organs of Chrysolaena simplex (Less.)
Dematt and Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob., assess the occurrence of
certain classes of secondary metabolites through phytochemical analyses, and study the effects of
seasonality on morpho-anatomical and physiological traits. The study was carried out in an area
of campo rupestre in the Reserva Biológica Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo of Universidade Federal de
Goiás, inside Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada (PESD). Adult individuals of C. simplex and L.
buddleiifolius were collected in the dry and rainy seasons. Samples were analyzed using standard
techniques of plant anatomy and scanning electron microscopy. Fresh material was used for
histochemical tests. The phytochemical analysis used standard reactions to detect classes of
secondary metabolites. C. simplex e L. buddleiifolius had similar anatomical traits, such as
amphistomatic leaves, monostratified epidermis, thin cuticle, glandular and non-glandular
trichomes, anisocytic stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, collateral vascular bundles and
hydathodes. Histochemical tests identified the presence of lipophilic substances and phenolic
compounds in the studied species. Phytochemical screening of leaf and stem samples detected
the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and coumarins in both species. In contrast,
saponins were only found in L. buddleiifolius. Seasonality affected the morpho-anatomy of the
species studied, revealing their great phenotypic plasticity. The underground system of C.
simplex was a rhizophore, while the system of L. buddleiifolius was a xylopodium. Secretory
ducts were found in the adventitious roots of C. simplex, whereas the roots of L. buddleiifolius
had secretory endodermis. Both species had lipophilic substances and inulin crystals. Crystals
were observed in the entire rhizophore of C. simplex, but exclusively in the roots of L.
buddleiifolius. The phytochemical analysis of the underground systems revealed the presence of
flavonoids, saponins and coumarins, but steroids and triterpenoids were only detected in C.
simplex.
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SANTOS, Vanessa Sardinha dos. Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Chrysolaena simplex (Less) Dematt. E Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) em ambientes rupestres da Serra Dourada, Goiás. 2013. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2013.