Degradação de antibióticos de uso veterinário em reator de carbonização hidrotermal
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2015-09-28
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Antibiotics are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. After consumption,
much of the drug is excreted unchanged or in the form of metabolites, and through the
release of sewage treatment plants, agricultural waste and leaching, reach natural
ecosystems. The occurrence of antibiotics in aquatic environments has become a
growing concern worldwide mainly due to the emergence of resistance genes in
pathogenic bacteria. The indiscriminate use and the use of subtherapeutic doses of
antibiotics cause the emergence of resistance. In Goiás, a recent survey showed the
presence of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics in hospital wastewater and Goiania
sewage treatment plant. The wastewater treatment processes based on biological
degradation have low efficiency of removal of residual drugs due to recalcitrant
structure and biocide effect of antibiotics. The objective of this research was to evaluate
the efficiency of hydrothermal decomposition of the antibiotic ampicillin, enrofloxacin,
oxytetracycline, and tylosin sulphaquinoxaline. For this purpose, the antibiotic solutions
were prepared at a concentration of 50 μg.mL-1 and pH correction to the range 3-7, with
phosphoric acid solution for the hydrothermal carbonization treatment. Treatment by the
hydrothermal carbonization process of oxytetracycline with pH adjustment made with
phosphoric acid, pH 3, 170 ° C temperature and 90 minutes reaction time showed total
decomposition as a result of this antibiotic (100%). The highest decomposition rate
(98.37%) for enrofloxacin was observed when they were used the reaction time of 120
minutes, pH 3, 200 ° C temperature and phosphoric acid as a catalyst. The highest
decomposition rate of ampicillin (94.86%) was observed when using time of 120
minutes reaction, pH 4, 200 ° C temperature and phosphoric acid as a catalyst. The most
suitable conditions for the decomposition of sulphaquinoxaline, observing the greatest
reduction rate (95.71%) was observed when they were used the reaction time of 120
minutes, pH 5, temperature 180 ° C and phosphoric acid as a catalyst. All conditions,
except for the pH 7, led to complete decomposition of tylosin (100%) of the samples.
The best condition for the decomposition of tylosin, observing a lower energy
expenditure, and reaction time spent catalyst was one which was used 90 minutes
reaction time, pH 4, 180 ° C temperature and phosphoric acid as a catalyst. In the
germination test with Allium cepa, the solutions treated, except ampicillin, had similar
germination rates found in the control group. The solutions of antibiotics with no
treatment showed higher rates of growth of buds when compared to the control group.
These results show that the hydrothermal carbonization process has potential for future
applications decomposition of antibiotics in contaminated water and effluent.
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Citação
SANTOS JÚNIOR, L. A. Degradação de antibióticos de uso veterinário em reator de carbonização hidrotermal. 2015. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.