Caracterização de híbridos e associação entre caracteres para produção de silagem em milho
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2019-07-18
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The corn hybrids available on the market do not have all the desired traits for making silages
with good nutritional value and high productivity. To carry out an improvement breeding
program achieve these objectives, it is necessary to characterize the genotypes that can form
the base populations of the programs and to understand the interrelationship between the
various characters of interest to draw up the best strategies improvement. The objectives of
the present work were: i) to perform the agronomic and bromatological characterization of
maize hybrids, aiming at the identification of superior genotypes that may comprise base
populations of maize breeding programs for silage; ii) to study the interrelationship between
characters agronomic and bromatological conditions in maize. Twenty one commercial maize
hybrids were evaluated at the Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás,
Goiânia-GO, in the 2017/18 harvest, in two experiments, using the conventional planting
density of 55,500 plants.ha -1 , and with a density of 111,000 plants.ha -1 . The experimental
design was a randomized complete block with three replications, of a 4.00 m line with twenty
plants spaced at 0.20 m. The line spacing was 0.90 m for the standard density and 0.45 m for
the densified experiment. The evaluated characters were: male flowering; female flowering;
range of flowering; plant height; ear height; ear placement; kernels per ear; number of grains
per row; ear diameter; corncob diameter; grain length; ear length; ear weight; weight of one
hundred grains; acidity (pH); dry matter content; mineral content; organic matter content;
crude protein; neutral detergent fiber (NDF); acid detergent fiber (ADF); total digestible
nutrients (TDN); green matter productivity and yield of matter dry. For the experiment with
conventional planting density, genetic and phenotypic correlations between the two-to-two
traits were estimated, and the direct and indirect effects of these traits on dry matter yield
and TDN content. Subsequently, a canonical correlation analysis was performed between the
group of characters related to productivity and the group of characters related to silage
quality. The increase in density resulted in increase in plant height and a reduction in the size
of the ear and biomass produced per plant, however, resulting in higher production per
hectare. The AS1596 and AG1051 hybrids presented the best performance, and can be used
in the formation of base populations in maize breeding programs for the production and
quality of silage, along with hybrids DKB310, BM3061, SHS7920, DKB390, P4285 and RB
9110. A strong relationship was identified between ear components and biomass productivity,
and plants with higher grain yields can be used in the indirect selection for dry matter yield.
The fiber contents presented a negative correlation with the digestibility of silage and positive
with plant height. Knowledge of the indirect effects of the characters between them is
important so that the breeder does not make hasty decisions based solely on the correlation
estimate. Finally, it is possible to improve maize to simultaneously increase the productivity
and the quality of the silage.
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Citação
CIAPPINA, A. L. Caracterização de híbridos e associação entre caracteres para produção de silagem em milho. 2019. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.