2019-04-242019-02-27DOMINGOS, André Menegotto. Oportunidades e desafios em macroecologia marinha. 2019. 182 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9530Macroecology, like other fields of ecology, has been historically a terrestrial discipline. However, marine biodiversity may contain key features for our understanding of global diversity patterns. Here, I explored this possibility by integrating knowledge about the marine environment with hypotheses and verbal models used to explain geographic variations in species diversity. Initially, I used marine productivity data to evaluate the effect of spatial subsidies on island plant diversity (Chapter 1). This study showed that, contrary to the proposed hypothesis, there is no evidence that allochthonous resources influence the diversity of small islands. Subsequently, I realized a conceptual review of the main mechanisms proposed to explain the latitudinal gradient of speciation under a marine perspective (chapter 2). In this review I show that, unlike the terrestrial system, each mechanism generates predictions totally different in the oceans. Nevertheless, it is also necessary to recognize and highlight the limitations that are inherent to marine biodiversity data, especially sample bias. Therefore, I evaluated here the state of our knowledge about the latitudinal distribution of different taxonomic groups (Chapter 3). In this study I reveal the existence of a species absence gradient that is strongly associated with low sampling effort in the tropics. Finally, I tested through a simulation model the efficiency of the empirical sample effort to accurately detect diversity patterns generated in a virtual ocean (Chapter 4). The result showed that the diversity gradient currently observed in the oceans does not differ from what is recorded after applying the same sampling effort in a simple null model. Therefore, I conclude that marine biodiversity may, indeed, be of great importance to understand macroecological patterns. However, there are still some geographic and taxonomic gaps that need to be addressed in order to explore this knowledge to its full potential.application/pdfAcesso AbertoBiodiversidade marinhaEspeciaçãoGradiente latitudinal de diversidadeOceanoProdutividadeRiqueza de espéciesViés amostralLatitudinal diversity gradientMarine biodiversityOceanProductivitySampling biasSpeciationSpecies richnessCIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIATese