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Absorção de fósforo em doze genótipos de milho inoculados com fungo micorrízico arbuscular em solo de cerrado
(2008-12) Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Carneiro, Marco Aurélio Carbone; Saggin Júnior, Orivaldo José; Rotta, Douglas André; Sousa, Mohamad Yussef
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphorus absorvation in twelve corn genotypes. The study was performed in presence and absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation. The experiment took place at the Agrarian and Biological Center greenhouse, in the Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil. The genotypes were randomly distributed in blocks with three replicates in a 12x2x2 factorial. The genotypes were AG9010, P30K75, AG8060, P30P70, AG405, P30F33, AG7000, BANDEIRANTES, EMGOPA501, BALU178, DINA657, 2C599, cultivated under two doses of phosphorus (10 and 100mg kg-1 of P in soil solution) in presence or absence of Glomus etunicatum mycorrization. The study verified the difference among genotypes in dry root matter production. The ratio among root dry and shoot dry matter colonized with mycorrizal fungus was observed. Ratio accumulated phosphorus among shoot and dry root matter was also seen. The mycorrization changed classification of genotypes regarding to dry matter shoot production under low P and the response for higher P supply.
Absorção de óleo de soja e sódio em arroz e feijão preparados
(João Batista Duarte, 2004-04) Silva, Mara Reis; Miranda, Martha Zavariz de; Silva, Priscilla Ramos Mortate da; Xavier, Sillsa da Costa
The absorption of soybean oil and sodium was assessed in cooked rice and common bean, analyzing moisture, total lipids, sodium, and acceptability of the samples. Rice (long and thin grain) and beans (Carioca type) were prepared with 2%, 4% or 6% salt and soybean oil in the proportion of 2%, 7% and 12%for rice and 4%, 12% and 20% for beans. An acceptability test was carried out with fifty two consumers and a nine-point hedonic scale, which was used to evaluate taste characteristics and appea-rance of cooked rice and beans. The experiment was carried out according to a 3x3 factorial design and the results were analysed using the response surface statistical method. The acceptability of the samples was influenced only by the amount of sodium in the dishes. The most acceptable rice was cooked with 7% oil and 4% salt, and the preferred beans were cooked with 12% oil and 4% salt. In these treatments, the absorbed oil content was 1.6 g/ 100g and 1.5 g/100g, and the absorbed sodium rates were 0.6 g/ 100g and 0.5 g/100g for rice and beans, respectively.
Abundância relativa das espécies de cerambycidae (Insecta-coleoptera) em pomar de frutíferas misto
(Antônio Henrique Garcia, 2000-12) Canettieri, Elisabeth Rose Pereira da Silva; Garcia, Antonio Henrique
It was studied the relative abundance to the species of the family Cerambycidae (Insecta-Coleoptera) in a mixed orchard composed by 28 diferent species in the period from decembre 1997 to may 1999 in Ceres, state of Goiás, Brazil. It was used light traps “Luiz de Queiroz” model with BL 15 wats lamps. These traps were turned on for 12 hours during 2 days in a total of 24 hours of week collets. It was collected a total of 1474 Cerambycidae, agruped in 39 genera and 49 species. From the 49 species collected Acanthoderes jaspidea, Achryson surinamum, Chlorida festiva, Eurodacrys sexgutatta, Gnomibidion fulvipes, Lophopoeum timbouve, Megacyllene acuta, Rhopalophora collaris e Trichophorus distinctus were classified as very abundant. From the collected species 48,98 % were classified as raras, 12,24% as disperse, 20,41% as commons and 18,37 % as very abundant. Among the 39 genera Oreodera was represented by 3 species and the genera Acanthoderes, Aerenica, Chrysoprasis, Colobothea, Eutrypanus, Megacylene, Myoxomorpha and Nyssodrysternum by 2 species (4,08 %) , while the other genera wera represented by one species only.
Ação de diferentes corretivos e do gesso sobre as características químicas de um latossolo vermelho escuro na sucessão arroz e soja
(Antônio Henrique Garcia, 1996-06) Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Bellingieri, Paulo Affonso; Galon, João Alexandre
Aiming to verify lhe action of different soil correctives on lhe chemical characteristics of a dark red latosoil median texture a two years field experiment was carried. A completely randomized design wilh 7 treatments (6 different soil correctives and a control wilh no liming) and four repetitions were used. As soil correctives limestone (calcitic, dolomitic calcinated do!omitic, and magnesian), gypswn and calciwn hydroxide were emp!oyed. 0n lhe first year lhe experimental area was cropped wilh rice ( Oriza saliva L.) cv. !AC - 25 and on lhe second one wilh soybean (G/ycine max L. Merril) cv. IAC - 8. Dolomitic limestone caused lhe greatest chemical alterations on soil charateristics, wilh incre ase on pH, K+, Ca'+ and Mg'+ and decrease on W + AI'+ values, during lhe first year. Losses of exchangab!e Mg# by leaching have been found during lhe second year, due to lhe use of gypswn and calcitic limestone. All liming materiais, but gypswn, increased rice yields when compareci wilh lhe contrai. Toe calcined dolomitic limestone gave lhe highest soybean yie!ds.
Ação de inseticidas sobre o percevejo-castanho-da-raiz Scaptocoris castanea Perty (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) e seu efeito no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura do milho
(2013) Silva, André Luís da; Silva, Alexandre José da; Soares, William Rosa de Oliveira; Fernandes, Paulo Marçal; Garcia, Renato Martins
Due the lack of registered products for Scaptocoris castanea, new insecticides need to be developed in order to facilitate growing crops in these heavy soil pests’ areas. The aim of these studies were to evaluate the performance of insecticides applied at the sowing time (in furrow spray) and in seed treatment for soil brown stink bug control (S. castanea) and their effect over the plant development and productivity in corn crop in two locations in Goiás State. The treatments were: Untreated check, Durivo (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) at 100, 200 and 300 mL of formulated product/ha applied in furrow, Cruiser 350 FS (thiamethoxam) in seed treatment at 120 mL/ha + Durivo (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) 200 mL/ha in furrow spray and Cropstar (Imidacloprid + thiodicarb) in seed treatment at 300 mL/ha + Astro (clorpyryfos) in furrow spray at 1500 mL/ha (standard). The trials were carried out in Edéia and Rio Verde, in Goiás State (farms with heavy pressure of S. castanea). Trial design was randomized block with six treatments and four replicates. The plot size was five rows with 45 cm as row spacing by seven meters length. The results demonstrated that Durivo (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) at 300 mL/ha in furrow spray and the combination of Cruiser 350 FS (thiamethoxam) at 120 mL/ha + Durivo (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) at 200 mL/ha have been effective for the S. castanea control in both trials (Edéia and Rio Verde) showing average control around 71% at 14 days after emergence, and increments of 110% in stand, 56% in plant height, 70% in root dry matter contents, 52% in aereal part dry matter contents and around 71% of yield increase. The data has shown significant correlation (R2>0.8) for all parameter assessed in Edéia, where there was higher pest pressure. Durivo (Chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) presents itself as an important tool, within S. castanea IPM concept due the effectiveness, low dose per hectare and at this application method furrow spray shows low environment impact.
Ação do parasitóideanastatus sp. (eupelmidae-hymenoptera) em ovos de dirphia rosacordis Walker , 1855 (lepidoptera-saturniidae) em pequizeiro (caryocar brasiliense cambess)
(Antônio Henrique Garcia, 1995-12) Garcia, Antonio Henrique
The action of parasitoid Anastatus sp. on eggs of D. rosacordis, commun for defoliating "pequizeiro" (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess), was studied on eggs collected in the field and eggs obtained in laboratory. Eggs were collected in Hidrolândia, Senador Canedo and Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. ln these regions, D. rosacordis shows two generations: September and December. To obtain eggs, a D. ro,acordis colony was maintained on pequi leaves over the egg mass obtained in the laboratory and kept under controlled ternperature, relative huntidily and photoperiod. Among 1.346 eggs obtained in laboratory conditions, 44.3% were parasitjzed, 40.2% were viable and 15.4 % were not viable. From 697 eggs collected in the field, 25.5% were parasitized, 58.9%, were viable and 15.6 % were not viable. Adult ernergency was observed arnong 83,4% of parasitized eggs. These data suggest the possibilily of using this parasitoid for the pequi caterpillar cotttrol, which also causes serious damage on Eucalyptus sp., mainly in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Aceitabilidade e qualidade físico-química de paçocas elaboradas com amêndoa de baru
(Alexsander Seleguini, 2012-06-30) Santos, Grazielle Gebrim; Silva, Mara Reis; Lacerda, Diracy Betânia Cavalcante Lemos; Martins, Denise Mendes de Oliveira; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo
An Savannah, is used for producing cereal bars, cookies, and other typical dishes from the Goiás State (Brazil) gastronomy. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical features, as well as acceptability, of paçoca (a typical Brazilian sweet made from peanuts) made from baru nuts. The control was processed by using only peanuts and the tests comprised proportions of peanut and baru nuts of 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75, respectively. The processed sweets were submitted to sensory, physical, and proximate analyses. The roasted baru nuts showed higher fiber and ash contents than the roasted peanut. The percent increase of baru nuts in the paçoca reduced its lipids content, total energetic value, and overall acceptance, and increased its fiber concentration. Its mass, diameter, and thickness were not affected with the partial substitution of peanuts by baru nuts. Paçocas made with 25% of baru nuts showed the best results for global acceptance and presented the lowest energetic density and the highest total dietary fiber concentration, when compared to the one traditionally made from peanuts.
Acomparison of cell disruption procedures for the recovery of intracellular carotenoids from Sporobolomyces ruberrimus H110
(2015-03) Pennacchi, Mariana Gomes Clemente; Rodríguez Fernández, Daniel Ernesto; Vendruscolo, Francielo; Maranho, Leila Teresinha; Marc, Ivan; Cardoso, Lígia Alves da Costa
Carotenoids are intracellular pigments produced by microorganisms, including some species of yeasts, in the stationary phase of growth by the secondary metabolic pathways. In the present study, different methods of Sporobolomyces ruberrimus H110 yeast cell lysis were evaluated with the objective of optimizing the recovery of intracellular pigments. Three extraction methods were used: vortex (glass beads and quartz stones), planetary mill (glass beads and quartz stones) and dimethyl sulfoxide. For each one of the lysis agents studied, factorial designs were developed considering as independent variables the agitation speed and lysis agent concentration. A central composite planning was defined considering as independent variables the lysis agent concentration and agitation speed, analyzing as response the estimated total number of extracted carotenoids. From the methods studied, a better extraction of total carotenoid (1.74 mg.g-1 of cells and of 1.57 mg.g-1 of cells) using the planetary mill method with 135 mg of glass beads or irregular quartz stones, with an agitation speed of 200 rpm. As to the cell lysis, the analysis indicated that the mechanical methods studied showed to be efficient in regards to cell laceration.
Acumulação de nutrientes em folhas de milheto e dos capins braquiária e mombaça
(João Batista Duarte, 2004-08) Braz, Antônio Joaquim Braga Pereira; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Kliemann, Huberto José; Zimmermann, Francisco José Pfeilsticker
Millet (Pennisetum glaucum), brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), and guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) are important grasses cultivated on cerrado soil of the Center-Western region of Brazil, and are used mainly for pasture, cover crops, silage, dry hay and seed production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation over time of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in the leaves of these grasses after emergence. The grasses were grown on a dystrophic dark-red latosolo (Oxysol/Hapludox) at Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications, on plots 6.0 m wide by 20 m long. At planting, 400 kg/ha of 5-30-15 commercial-formula fertilizer was used. Sowing occurred in December, 2001 and during crop development nine leave samples were taken on different days after sowing for chemical analysis. Nutrient accumulation (Y) was determined and data were adjusted as a function of days after emergence (X) by a quadratic exponential regression model: Y= a exp(bx + cx2). Of the three grass species, millet accumulated the largest amounts of nutrients in leaves in the least time, followed by Panicum. Among macronutrients, higher accumulation occurred for N and K and lower for P. Among micronutrients, Fe accumulated the largest amounts.
Acumulação de nutrientes no limbo foliar de guandu e estilosantes
(João Batista Duarte, 2005-04) Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Braz, Antônio Joaquim Braga Pereira; Kliemann, Huberto José; Zimmermann, Francisco José Pfeilsticker
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and stylo plants (Stylosanthes guianensis var. vulgaris cv. Mineirão) are two legumes cultivated in cerrado soils of central-west Brazil and cultivates for green manure, seed production, and pasture. The objective of this study was to evaluate accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in leaf blades as a function of days after emergence. The experiment was developed in a dystrophic Oxisol at Embrapa Rice and Bean Research Center, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás State, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Plot size was 6.0 m wide and 20.0 m long. Planting fertilization was 400 kg ha-1 of a 5-30-15 formula. Sowing was done in December 2001. During crop growth, nine random leaf blades samples were collected on the different days after sowing for chemical analysis. Nutrient accumulation (Y) was determined and data were adjusted as a function of days after emergence (X) using a quadratic exponential regression model Y = a exp(bx + cx2). Pigeon pea showed higher dry matter and, generally, higher nutrient accumulation than stylo plants until 98 days. Among macronutrients, N had the highest accumulation and P the lowest. Among micronutrients, Fe had the highest accumulation and Cu the lowest in the leaf laminas of the two legumes.
Acúmulo de macronutrientes em cultivares de crisântemo para vaso, em Goianira – GO
(2012) Ferreira, Luciana Domingues Bittencourt; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Ferreira, Marcos D.; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
The chrysantemum ornamental potential is expressed by meeting its nutritional requirements. This nutrient demand may vary both during the crop cycle and between cultivars. This paper describes the macronutrients accumulation in the following vase-grown chrysanthemum cultivars: White Diamond - WD; Eugene Yellow – EY; and Durban - DB. The experiment was conducted under nursery farm conditions in Goianira, Goiás, Brazil, between August and October, 2007, using a randomized experimental design in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with three cultivars, five growth stages and five replications. Data were collected at 20, 34, 48, 62 and 76 days after planting (DAP). The accumulation of N, P and K in leaves, stems, inflorescences and the global sum of its parts was quantified. The nutrients accumulation in different plant organs differed among cultivars. For cultivar WD, N and K accumulated in greater amounts in the inflorescences and P, in the leaves. For EY, the highest accumulation of N and K was in the leaves and for P, in the stems. For cultivar DB, the most expressive accumulation of N, P and K was observed in the inflorescences. For all the macronutrients assessed, accumulation increased at each time point, reaching a maximum at 76 DAP. The accumulation scale for macronutrients was K> N> P.
Acúmulo de matéria seca e óleo em sementes de pinhão-manso irrigado e de sequeiro
(2015-10) Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Alves Júnior, José; Souza, Jorge Luiz Moretti de; Bezerra, Ricardo de Sousa; Domingos, Marcus V. H.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of irrigation and maturity stage on dry matter and oil accumulations of Jatropha curcas seeds. The trial was performed in an experimental area of the Department of Agriculture in the Federal University of Lavras – UFLA in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The area was grown with 3-year-old drip-irrigated plantation of jatropha. Fruit were collected and classified into four maturity stages as follows: green fruit with white seeds (F1), 20% green fruit and 80% yellow and/or brown dry fruit (F2), yellow fruit with brown parts in early dehiscence and black seeds (F3), brown dry and dehiscent fruit (F4). After being extracted, seed moisture, main dimensions, volume, dry matter and oil content were measured. The experimental design was randomized in a 4X2 factorial model (4 maturity stages - F1, F2, F3 and F4, and two water managements - irrigated and rainfed) with three replications. Brown fruit seeds provided higher yields of dry matter and oil content.
Acúmulo de serapilheira em quatro tipos de vegetação no estado de Goiás
(2015) Lima, Nauara Lamaro; Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Calil, Francine Neves; Souza, Kellen Rabello de; Moraes, Douglas Cezar de
Litter is the main component that maintains forest productivity through nutrients cycling. This study had as objective to quantify accumulated litter and its compartmentalization in four vegetation types: “Strictosensu Savanna”, permanent preservation area (PPA), Eucalyptus stand and Pinus stand. In each area, 30 (thirty) samples were randomly collected with a wooden frame (25 cm x 25 cm). Samples were weighed and then separated in compartments: leaves/needles, branches, bark, reproductive material and miscellany. The fraction leaves/needles is the one that contributes the most for litter formation, followed by branches, due to senescence and new leaves formation. Pinus has the highest total amount of litter, because the stand is old and needles decomposition is slow. Forest formations show the same litter quantity and compartmentalization pattern.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de acessos de uma coleção nuclear de arroz
(2012-02) Bueno, Luíce Gomes; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Rangel, Paulo Hideo Nakano; Utumi, Marley Marico; Cordeiro, Antônio Carlos Centeno; Pereira, José Almeida; Franco, Daniel Fernandez; Moura Neto, Francisco; Mendonça, João Antônio; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Oliveira, Jaison Pereira de; Brondani, Claudio
The objective of this work was to determine the productive potential and the genotype by environment interaction of 550 accessions of the Embrapa’s Rice Core Collection. The performance, and yield adaptability and stability of each genotype was evaluated using the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) approach, in nine field experiments, carried out in six Brazilian states, under dry and irrigated conditions, during three years. The linear mixed model analysis was performed, and the estimates of the variance components were obtained by the residual maximum likelihood (REML), using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure for the prediction of the genotypic values of random effects (EBLUP) associated with each accession. The group of accessions with better performance was the one of lines and cultivars from Brazil (LCB), as expected. However, traditional varieties (VT) were identified among the best yielding genotypes, which shows the potential of this germplasm group to contribute as a new source of genetic variability to breeding programs. Superior accessions were identified for their stability, adaptability and grain yield, among which CA880078, CA840182 and CNA00091stand out.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de rendimento de genótipos de feijoeiro comum
(1994-01) Duarte, João Batista; Zimmermann, Maria Jose de Oliveira
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de rendimento de genótipos de soja (glycine max (l.) merrill), nas condições de Goiás e Distrito Federal
(Antônio Henrique Garcia, 1994-12) Duarte, João Batista; Rolim, Renato Barbosa; Oliveira, Pedro Manoel Figueira de; Souza, Jales Rodrigues de
This research was proposed to evaluate the behavior of grain yield of soybean genotypes tested under Goiás and Distrito Federal conditions (1986/87 to 1988/89). The statistic procedure used was the bi-segmented linear regression. The results indicated that only 14% of genotypes didn't have their behavior explained satisfactory by the method used. lt was suggested that the identification of promising genotypes shonld be based on the yield average (YJ and regression deviations variance (s'd;), as a top priority. Toe evaluation ofthe coefficientes of regression (adaptability -bl, and b2;) is interesting ifthe genotype shows high yield average and stable behavior (predictability low s'd;). Tben, it was indicated the outstanding genotypes in each groups of maturation cicle. lt was also made productive behavior analisis of genotypes used as standard check to help intheirs choices in future triais.
Adubação mineral e orgânica da abóbora híbrida I. Crescimento
(Antônio Henrique Garcia, 1999-06) Silva, Natan Fontoura da; Fontes, Paulo Cezar Rezende; Ferreira, Francisco Affonso; Cardoso, Antônio Américo
In order to evaluate the response of hybrid squash cv. Tetsukabuto to mineral (NPK) and organic compost, seven experiments were carried out in Ponte Nova, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, on a yellow-red cambic podsoil. Each experiment constituted one sampling date, which began at the 21st day and ended at the 105th day after sowing, with 14 days intervals. In these experiments five fertilizing treatments were tested plus a control (no treatment). In the fertilizing treatments, defined by a diagonal section of a complete factorial, rates of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 t/ha (dry basis) of organic compost, associated with rates of 0.772, 0.579, 0.386, 0.193 and 0 t/ha of NPK (4-14-8), respectively, were applied with four replications in a randomized blocks design. The mineral and organic compost association increased the knots number in the main branch, the overall branches length and the dry matters of the aerial part, reproduction part and fruits. At 105 days after sowing, the highest dry matter percentage in the fruit, and the smallest vegetative growth, were obtained when the mineral fertilizer was replaced by the organic compost. On this day, the reproductive part dry matter reached a maximum of 1,997 g/plant with 6,914 kg/ha of organic compost and 327 kg/ha of NPK.
Adubação mineral e orgânica da abóbora híbrida II. Estado nutricional e produção
(Antônio Henrique Garcia, 1999-06) Silva, Natan Fontoura; Fontes, Paulo Cezar Rezende; Ferreira, Francisco Affonso; Cardoso, Antônio Américo
In order to evaluate the response of hybrid squash cv. Tetsukabuto to organic compost and mineral fertilizer (NPK), seven experiments were carried out on a cambic yellow-red Podzol soil under field conditions at Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais State. Each experiment constituted one sampling date, that begun at the 21st day and ended at the 105th day after planting, with 14 days intervals. In these experiments five fertilizing treatments were tested plus a control (no treatment). In the fertilizing treatments, defined by a diagonal section of a complete factorial, rates of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 t/ha (dry basis) of organic compound, associated were applied with rates of 0.772, 0.579, 0.386, 0.193 and 0 t/ha of NPK (4-14-8), respectively, with four replications in a randomized blocks design. The NPK and organic compost association increased the plant leaf number, the main branch length and the fruit yield. The maximum yield and maximum economical efficiency, 13.596 and 13.368 t/ha, were obtained with the rates 6.402 t/ha of organic compost and 0.360 t/ha of NPK and with 5.247 t/ha of compost and 0.434 t/ha of NPK, respectively. At the 49th day after sowing, the concentrations of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg, in the leaf blade dry matter, associated with the maximum economic return, were: 38.8; 5.2; 27.5; 2.5; 21.3 and 3.8 g/kg, respectively. These data, at the 63rd day after sowing, were: 43.8; 4.7; 24.4; 2.5; 18.3 and 5.3 g/kg, respectively. At 105th after sowing, the estimated contents of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg in the aerial part and expressed in g/plant were 27.8; 4.7; 26.7; 1.8; 10.1 and 4.8, respectively.
Adubação nitrogenada e idade de corte na produção de matéria seca do capim-elefante no cerrado
(2012) Flores, Rilner Alves; Caballero, Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga; Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Morais, Rafael Fiusa de; Prado, Renato de Mello
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the application of N fertilizer and the cutting age on the dry biomass production of elephant grass. The experiment was performed with the variety Paraíso and planted in a Ferralsol in 2008 in the district of Gurupi (State of Tocantins). Four different rates of urea application were tested (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha -1 ) and harvests were made at 120, 150 or 180 days after germination (DAG) of the setts. The dry matter and total N accumulation were evaluated. Dry matter production increased with dose of N, the greatest effect being observed at 180 DAG. There was a linear increase in dry matter (R 2 = 0.75**) and N accumulation (R 2 = 0.96**) permitting a productivity of 34 t ha -1 of dry matter and an accumulation of 471 kg N ha -1 . The N utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit of applied N) increased with plant age. The higher efficiency of N use favored the quality of biomass production for energy production owing to the higher fibre content.
Adubação nitrogenada em braquiarão: decomposição da fitomassa e liberação de nutrientes
(Evandro Novaes, 2016-06) Costa, Claudio Hideo Martins da; Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa; Soratto, Rogério Peres; Ferrari Neto, Jayme; Moro, Edemar
Topdressing or pre-seeding nitrogen (N) application increases phytomass production, providing a higher nutrients accumulation and indirectly favoring the subsequent crop. However, N fertilization can alter the dry matter decomposition and nutrients release dynamics. This study aimed at evaluating the decomposition rate, cellulose, lignin and nutrients release speed from palisadegrass as a function of N fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, in a factorial scheme constituted by two N fertilization levels and six sampling times after desiccation [0, 14, 34, 41, 51 and 68 days after management (DAM)]. The topdressing N fertilization on palisadegrass increases the dry matter production and N accumulation, but does not alter the decomposition and release speed. N fertilization reduces the C/N ratio, but it does not change the contents of cellulose and lignin and the decomposition and release of N, K, Ca, Mg, C and Si. The amounts of P and S accumulated in the plant and released into the soil increase with N fertilization. The maximum release rates occur within 0-14 DAM, being more intensive for P and S when N is applied. These results demonstrate the high potential of this species for croplivestock integration systems, with some advantages that can be potentialized with higher N doses.

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