Recombinant BCG: innovations on an old vaccine. Scope of BCG strains and strategies to improve long-lasting memory
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Data
2014-04-07
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Resumo
Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis,
is the current vaccine of choice against tuberculosis (TB). Despite its protection against
activeTB in children, BCG has failed to protect adults againstTB infection and active disease
development, especially in developing countries where the disease is endemic. Currently,
there is a significant effort toward the development of a newTB vaccine.This review article
aims to address publications on recombinant BCG (rBCG) published in the last 5 years, to
highlight the strategies used to develop rBCG, with a focus on the criteria used to improve
immunological memory and protection compared with BCG. The literature review was
done in April 2013, using the key words TB, rBCG vaccine, and memory. This review discusses
the BCG strains and strategies currently used for the modification of BCG, including:
overexpression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) immunodominant antigens already
present in BCG; gene insertion of immunodominant antigens from Mtb absent in the BCG
vaccine; combination of introduction and overexpression of genes that are lost during the
attenuation process of BCG; BCG modifications for the induction of CD8CT-cell immune
responses and cytokines expressing rBCG. Among the vaccines discussed,VPM1002, also
called rBCGDureC:hly, is currently in human clinical trials. Much progress has been made
in the effort to improve BCG, with some promising candidates, but considerable work is
still required to address functional long-lasting memory.
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Palavras-chave
rBCG, Tuberculosis, Vaccine, Protection, Long-term memory, Strain differences
Citação
COSTA, Adeliane Castro da; NOGUEIRA, Sarah Veloso; KIPNIS, André; JUNQUEIRA-KIPNIS, Ana Paula. Recombinant BCG: innovations on an old vaccine. Scope of BCG strains and strategies to improve long-lasting memory. Frontiers in Immunology, Lausanne, v. 5, p. 1-9, 2014.