Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública

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Toxoplasmose gondii: soroprevalência, isolamento e virulência de cepas obtidas de galinhas caipiras (Gallus domesticus) comercializadas em feiras livres do município de Goiânia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-02-27) Aleixo, Eduardo da Costa Alves; Castro, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621; Soares, Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6933335902851476; Soares, Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog; Gomes, Abraão Garcia; Bezerra, José Clecildo Barreto
In this study, 50 free-range chickens were obtained from free fairs of the city of Goiânia, its serum were tested for antibodies anti T. gondii with the modified agglutination test (MAT), its heart and brain had been processed and inoculated in groups of 6 mice. Samples of the organs of the birds and the surviving mice had been sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for the search of Toxoplasma-like cysts structures. The serum of the surviving mice was analyzed by the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI). The isolated ones had been submitted to the study of virulence for mice by inoculations with different concentrations of tachyzoites. 25 birds (50%) had revealed positive (MAT ≥ 1:5) getting a total of three isolated. Toxoplasma-like cysts structures had been found in histologic cuts of eight birds (16%) and organs of mice of two groups (2%). Of the 25 experiments with inoculeted of positives birds, in 11 (44%) it had the detention of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. In the samples of negatives birds, evidences of the presence of Toxoplasma had not been found. Of the three isolated, two had been lethal for mice from concentrations of a thousand tachyzoites., while another one was 100% fatal one from the concentration of ten a thousand tachyzoites.
Caracterização epidemiológica e genômica de amostras de rotavírus humano espécie A em Goiânia-Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-22) Almeida, Tâmera Nunes Vieira; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770835116155857; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Mascarenhas, Joana D'Arc Pereira; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and vaccination is recommended for the prevention and control of this virus. In Brazil, since 2006, two vaccines have been used, with Rotarix® included in the National Immunization Program. Since its implementation, there has been a reduction in hospitalization rates and positivity for RVA. In this sense, the present study aimed to detect RVA from stool samples from children up to five years of age, with or without GEA, obtained in the period 2014-2015, in addition to characterizing the 11 genomic segments of RVA of samples obtained in pre- and post-vaccine periods and compare them to the vaccine sample. 341 stool samples were analyzed, 335 obtained in the period 2014-2015 and six archival samples positive for RVA, one from the pre-vaccine period. RVA detection was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotyping by Mulitplex-Nested-PCR. The 11 genomic segments were characterized by sequencing and molecular modeling was done for VP7 and VP4. Of the 335 stool samples (2014-2015), nine were positive for RVA with a long electropherotypic pattern, four of which were characterized as G12P[8]. Of the six archive samples, also a long standard, five were G1P[8], one of which was from the pre-vaccine period. The characterization of the 11 genomic segments was possible for three samples, two archive samples (G1P[8]), one from the pre-vaccine period and the other (G12P[8]) from the 2014-2015 period. The three samples were characterized as genogroup I. Phylogenetic analysis made it possible to differentiate lineages for VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4; samples G1, from the pre- and post-vaccine periods, were characterized as lineages II and I, respectively, and G12, as lineage III, and samples P[8] as lineage III. Samples I1 (VP6) were characterized as lineage IV (pre-vaccine) and I (post-vaccine) and samples E1 (NSP4) were characterized as lineage III. High nucleotide and amino acid identity was verified for the 11 genomic segments of the three samples in relation to the vaccine, being lower for VP7 and VP4 of the G12 sample P[8]. This lesser identity was evident in the protein structure, mainly in the antigenic epitopes of both proteins. In conclusion, RVA continues to circulate with the same genotype as the vaccines and with a different genotype, which reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of the agent in the context of vaccination.
Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e histopatológica do efeito de drogas imunossupressoras na reativação da toxoplasmose crônica em modelo murino com a cepa ME 49 no camundongo BALB/c
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-28) Alves, Fabiana Santiago Aleixo; Lino Junior, Ruy de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0372118837748010; Soares, Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6933335902851476; Garciazapata, Marco Tulio Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3672512339058369; Garciazapata, Marco Tulio Antonio; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; Carvalhaes, Mara Silva
This work was evaluated for the potential reactivation of Toxoplasmosis in murine model similar to human immunosuppression being developed in BALB/c mice, which were 40 days infected with 20 cysts of ME 49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii and after 60 days was initiated treatment with immunosuppressant drugs, Azathioprine in dosage of 10mg/kg five times a week in days, Dexametasone in dosage 2.5mg/kg per day per mouse, three times per week on alternate days, Cortisone acetate in 50mg twice a week in subcutaneous injection of cortisone acetate alone, or associated with its proper controls. Treatment was continued for 28 days. The use of the Dexametasona or Azathioprine isolated or associated with, a factor not caused by reactivation of serological tests, clinical or histopathological but associated with cortisone acetate led to a clinical diagnostic framework of a voluntary recall because of injuries in epidermal 62.5% of the mice that lot compared to its proper controls, however mortality was not observed in any of the groups tested
Carga epidemiológica da coqueluche e avaliação de impacto de vacinação de gestantes contra coqueluche implementada no Brasil em 2014
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-10) Bagattini, Ângela Maria; Toscano, Cristiana Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3772312631884265; Toscano, Cristiana Maria; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; Silva, Lara Lívia Santos da; Kuchenbecker, Ricardo de Souza
Introduction: Pertussis is an acute infectious disease of respiratory transmission, with cyclical occurrence, it is endemic worldwide, represents an important global burden, particularly in children under one year of age who have more severe conditions and may progress to death. Between 2010 and 2014, a sudden and atypical increase in the number of cases of the disease was observed in several countries, including Brazil. There are several hypotheses about the factors associated with this resurgence, including disease cyclicality, replacement of whole-cell vaccines with acellular vaccines, falling vaccine coverage in children, and the effectiveness and duration of protection of vaccines in children, among others. Objectives: This study aims to characterize and estimate the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Brazil, evaluate the impact of vaccination of pregnant women with pertussis vaccine (dTpa) implemented in Brazil in 2014. Also, review the evidence about protection and duration of protection conferred by the whole cell vaccine against pertussis used for vaccination of children in the National Programs of Immunization. Methods: A study in three stages was carried out. The first stage described the epidemiological situation of whooping cough in morbidity and mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2016. Next, the second stage with an interrupted time series ecological study was carried out with data adjusted by month and using the ARIMA model to assess the impact on cases and hospitalizations of children under five years of age with the introduction of the dTpa vaccine for pregnant women in 2014. The two stages used three independent health information systems, the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), the Hospital Information System (SIH), the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI), data were aggregated and evaluated by age group and federation unit. The third stage of the study was carried out through a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and duration of protection provided by the whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTPw) in children considering the vaccines currently available on the international market. Results: Pertussis showed cyclical patterns of disease burden over time between 2000 and 2016 in Brazil, in different regions with heterogeneous conditions, with a well-defined outbreak that started in 2011 and peaked in 2014, reaching mainly and more severely. children under six months, with 20,103 (54%), 19,919 hospitalizations (79%) and 565 deaths (93%). The incorporation of dTpa vaccination in pregnant women was associated with a significant reduction in pertussis cases and hospitalizations in children under six months of age when coverage is above 45%. After the introduction of dTpa, it is estimated that 2,124 cases and 1,439 hospitalizations for pertussis were avoided in children under six months of age in states with coverage above 45% between 2015 and 2016. Additionally, 12 studies with DTwP conducted between 2007 and 2020 were included for review, which have varied methodological quality and lack evidence on immunogenicity and duration of immunity indicating a short duration, less than five years. Conclusions: The analysis of different health information systems used showed consistent results throughout the period analyzed, reflecting the cyclicity of the disease and its resurgence from 2011. The incorporation of dTpa vaccination in pregnant women resulted in an impact on the reduction of hospitalizations and deaths of children when vaccination coverage above 45% is achieved. The wP vaccines currently in use have scant evidence of duration of immunity, even though they are used in over 100 countries, in most low- and middle-income countries. Relevance and Impact: The results of this work reinforce the importance of achieving and maintaining dTpa vaccination coverage in pregnant women above 45% in order to obtain a significant impact of vaccination of pregnant women in reducing hospitalizations for pertussis in children. Although wP is one of the most used vaccines globally in children in immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries, there has been an important change in the producers of these vaccines in recent decades, with large pharmaceutical companies having left the market and being replaced by producers in countries emerging technologies that today account for the totality of wP vaccines produced and used in the world. Evidence suggests that the duration of protection afforded by these vaccines in children is short. However, better quality evidence on the effectiveness and duration of immunity conferred by these vaccines is needed to support the definition of more appropriate vaccination strategies.
Avaliação da produção de BMP2 no intestino de camundongos infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-12) Carmo Neto, José Rodrigues do; Silva, Juliana Reis Machado e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289363102869037; Silva, Juliana Reis Machado e; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Freitas, Aline de Araújo
One of the main late complications of Chagas' disease (CD) is the megacolon, affecting approximately 10% of symptomatic patients. However, studies are needed to understand mechanisms involved in the progression of this condition in the chronic phase of CD. Myenteric plexus neurons are known to be essential for the control of intestinal motility. Through infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the inflammatory profile that sets in is involved in neural destruction. One of the proteins related to the maintenance of nerve cells in the myenteric plexus is the type 2 morphogenetic protein (BMP2), produced mainly by muscle macrophages. The homeostasis of the BMP2/macrophage ratio is directly involved with intestinal motility and the maintenance of organ function. Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate the production of intestinal BMP2 with the production of cytokines and histopathological changes in C57Bl / 6 mice. infected by the T. cruzi Y strain in the periods of 30 and 90 days of infection. The mice were infected with 1000 blood trypomastigote forms. After the infection period, the mice were euthanized and the spleen and intestine were collected. The intestine was divided in two, one fragment was used for histological analysis and the other for quantification of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and BMP2, as well as the spleen. Infection with strain Y induced an increase in the production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and BMP2 in the intestine after 30 days of infection, as well as an increase in the inflammatory infiltrate and a decrease in the number of neurons in the myenteric plexus. Collagen deposition increased gradually throughout the infection, demonstrated at 90 days of infection. It was observed that the increase in BMP2 after 30 days of infection has a positive correlation with the increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the intestine. However, BMP2 and IFN-γ showed a negative correlation with the number of neurons in the myenteric plexus in the same period in the organ. As a first report of the alteration of BMP2 production after infection by T. cruzi, it is suggested that this imbalance may represent a new pathway in maintaining the intestinal pro-inflammatory profile, as well as being related to the neuronal damage that the infectious process establishes.
Abordagem computacional para a descoberta de novos inibidores de prolil oligopeptidase 80 de Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-05-31) Costa, Vinícius Alexandre Fiaia; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Neves, Bruno Junior; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256565904920282; Neves, Bruno Junior; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Charneau, Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
Chagas disease is a serious infectious disease caused by the trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, the benznidazole is the only drug available for treating the disease. However, due to the emergence of benznidazole-resistant parasites, low efficacy in the chronic phase and considerable number of adverse effects, the discovery of new drugs more effective, safer and with innovative mechanism of action is imperative. In this context, the general objective of this work was to identify inhibitors of the enzyme prolyl oligopeptidase 80 (POPTc80), a validated target for Trypanosoma cruzi, using computational methods based on the structure of the target (SBDD) and ligand (LBDD). Initially, the three-dimensional structure of POPTc80 was predicted using three different approaches. After structural refinement and validation, the best 3D structure, obtained from the AlphaFold server, was submitted to structural analysis. In this step, three representative conformations of POPTc80 generated on the DynOmics server were selected using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These structures were then used as structural bases for the construction and validation of molecular docking protocols in the Glide program. Molecular anchoring demonstrated that the conformation 3 results showed the highest rate of enrichment during screening of a set of active compounds and decoys. Then, the docking poses for POPTc80 inhibitors described in the literature were considered queries for generating and validating shape-based models in the vROCS program. As a result, a 3D structure of the POPTc80 was possible, a validated docking protocol was developed and a specific shape-based model for POPTc80 was also developed. At the end of this process, the best molecular docking protocols and the best shape-based model were used as computational filters for the virtual screening of the ChemBridge library, which made it possible to obtain a set of putative hits that will be experimentally validated in the POPTc80 enzyme in collaboration.
Mpox e Mpox em PVHA: um estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-08) Coutinho, João Victor Soares Coriolano; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3644529827602550; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; Araújo Filho, João Alves de; Soares, Renata de Bastos Ascenço
Introduction: The Mpox virus was discovered in 1958 in non-human primates and later identified in a 9-year-old child in the Democratic Republic of Congo, remaining restricted to the African continent and primarily affecting children. In 2022, it crossed borders and was associated with outbreaks in different countries, with a different clinical and epidemiological profile than what had been observed, this time affecting Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM), with genital and anal lesions and disproportionately affecting People Who Live with HIV (PLHIV). The main objective of this study was to compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients coinfected with Mpox/HIV/AIDS with those infected only with Mpox. Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. All confirmed cases of Mpox from patients residing in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between the months of June 2022 and June 2023 were included for analysis. The patients were divided into 3 groups, those with only Mpox, those with Mpox and HIV, and those with Mpox and AIDS, subsequently comparing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Results: Of a total of 398 confirmed cases, 223 (52%) were in PLHIV, of these 14 (6%) were in the AIDS phase. There were 175 cases in patients with only Mpox and of these, only 37 (21.14%) were using PrEP for HIV. Different clinical characteristics were identified between the groups, with statistical significance for Localized Lymphadenopathy found more frequently in the group with only Mpox and Genital Lesions being observed more commonly in cases with Mpox/AIDS. The presence of coinfection with another STI occurred more frequently in Mpox/HIV, with syphilis being the most common STI. Finally, all cases evolved to cure. Conclusions: The Mpox outbreak affected PLHIV in Goiânia more frequently, who more commonly presented another STI, greater genital involvement, and a lower proportion of localized lymphadenopathy and among the patients infected with only Mpox a very low proportion was using PrEP for the HIV virus, differing from what is found in developed countries.
Prevalência das infecções por Papilomavírus humano e soropositividade de Chlamydia trachomatis em mulheres portadoras de neoplasias cervicais na região central do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-24) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos , Silvia Helena Rabelo do; Alves, Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo; Alves, Maria de Fátima Costa
High-risk papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent for cervical neoplasia. However, the presence of singly HPV infection is unlikely to be sufficient for cervical carcinogenesis, and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) may increase the risk of cervical neoplasia. The significance of the association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections in the development of cervical neoplasias has been investigated and the more consistent data have pointed to an association with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). However, the exact relationship between C. trachomatis and HPV infection remains not completely understood. It is possible that C. trachomatis infection may be an independent factor or cofactor for HPV in the development of cervical neoplasia. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis in HPV-positive women correlating with the severity of cervical neoplasia in central area of Brazil. Methodology: A total of 131 women referred to colposcopic clinic, in Goiás, Brazil because of an abnormal cervical smear were included in the study. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction using PGMY09/PGMY11 primers, and genotyping was performed by reverse dot blot hybridization. Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was evaluated using ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies. Results: The total prevalence of HPV infection was 86.3% (113/131). Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was 26% (34/131). Thirty one women (27.4%; 31/113) tested simultaneously positive for C. trachomatis and HPV. Of these, 12.9% (4/31) tested negative at histology, while 87.1% (27/31) tested positive for CIN and invasive carcinomas. The most prevalent HPV type in the C. trachomatis seropositive women was HPV 16 (51.6%; 16/31) and in these women, this type was present in 50% (2/4) of cases negative, 33.3% (3/9) of cases CIN1, 53.3% (8/15) of cases CIN2/CIN3 and 100% (3/3) of cases invasive carcinoma. Taking as reference cases negative for HPV/ C. trachomatis, the positivity for HPV/ C. trachomatis was significantly associated with CIN 2 or worse diagnostic, especially the types 16 and 18. A borderline significance was observed when the reference was HPV positive and C. trachomatis negative cases. There was a borderline significance between other types of HPV and positivity for C. trachomatis with neoplastic diagnosis considering as reference HPV/ C. trachomatis negative cases. Conclusions: C. trachomatis seropositivity was associated with severity of cervical neoplasia in women HPV positives. Then, it may be important to screen for the simultaneous presence of C. trachomatis which may have synergistic pathological effects.
Associação entre tipos específicos de HPV e carga viral com a gravidade da neoplasia cervical
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-20) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos, Silvia Helena rabelo dos; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa; Val, Isabel Cristina Chulvis do; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima Dias e; Lino Júnior, Ruy de Souza
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a rare consequence and developed long term from a infection by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV). There are factors related to the acquisition of infection and its persistence that increase the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. The type-specific viral infection and higher viral loads values appear to be related to persistence of virus and progression of neoplasia and therefore with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Objectives: To identify the specific types of HPV in different age groups as well as the importance of viral load of HPV 16 with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, included women referred to the Hospitals Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Goiânia and Hospital Mother and Child, by presenting changes in routine cytological examination. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HPV genotyping was performed by reverse hybridization assay. A total of 331 women with cytological diagnosis were selected, 238 of them with histological diagnosis. After PCR for HPV, 58 women were excluded for being HPV negative. In the 273 HPV-positive women an analysis of the association between HPV types and risk of severity of cytological diagnosis by age group was carried out in the following categorization: <30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and ≥ 50 years. To evaluate the association between viral load values with severity of cytological and histological diagnosis, 77 women HPV 16 positive by PCR in real time were selected. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 82.5%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type representing 44.7% of cases. Infections by HPV 16 and / or 18 were significantly associated with both the cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR: 2.12 95% CI 0.98 to 4.59) and either with the histological diagnosis of CIN 2 or more severe (OR: 3.21 95% CI 1.21 to 8.59) lesions in women younger than 30 years. The cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR 4.59, 95% CI: 1.4 to 15.49, p = 0.004) and histological diagnosis of high-grade neoplasia (≥ CIN 2) (OR 6.51; 95% CI: 2.9 to 20.92, p = 0.0002) were significantly associated with higher viral load values in women infected with HPV 16. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that infection with HPV 16 and / or 18 in young women can quickly lead to the formation of more severe lesions and high viral loads resulting from infection by HPV 16 are associated with the severity of cervical neoplasia.
Reação imunoenzimática (ELISA) para detecção de imunoglobulina M, imunoglobulina G e imunoglobulina A contra a proteína rHsp-X (Rv 2031c) de mycobacterium tuberculosis em pacientes com tuberculose pleural
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-18) Limong, Loanda Carvalho Sant’ Ana; Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1252262903952987; Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira
Pleural tuberculosis (TBP) has often spontaneous resolution, even without treatment. However, the lack of proper diagnosis and treatment can lead to the occurrence of pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in 65% of the cases, in the five years subsequent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the recombinant Hsp-X antigen (rHsp-X) in an enzyme immunoassay for determining the presence of TBP in patients with pleural effusion. For this study we used 132 samples of serum and pleural fluid (PF) from patients with pleural effusion. Of these, 97 samples were from TBP patients and 35 patients with diseases other than tuberculosis (NTBP) (28 patients with metastatic cancer, 1 patient with congestive heart failure, 2 patients whit liver failure, 1 patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and 3 patients with parapneumonic effusion). The IgM levels of PF were higher in patients with PTB than NTBP, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for the PF was 42% and 83%, respectively. Testing for IgG from the serum and the PF against the recombinant antigen Hsp-X were not effective in discriminating TB patients from other diseases, the sensitivity was found to be 13% and 16% using serum and LP, respectively, with the same specificity of 83%. TBP patients presented higher levels of IgA specific for the rHSP-X than NTBP, the IgA ELISA using PF presented better sensitivity (65%) than using serum (39%), while the IgA ELISA for both types of samples presented the same specificity (83%). In conclusion, the recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rHsp-X by IgA antibodies from the PF of patients with TBP reveals its possible role in the development of a diagnostic test for additional cases of TBP. Further studies must be conducted to confirm this hypothesis.
Análise das interações proteína-proteína da chaperona de cobre ATX1 em Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-12) Lugo, Danize Eukales Menezes; Silva, Kleber Santiago Freitas e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3813868830071259; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; Pereira, Maristela; Bailão, Alexandre Melo
Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in the Americas, mainly in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Argentina. The disease is caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidiodes that exhibit thermodimorphism. The fungus is present in the soil in the mycelial form at 28°C and in the yeast form in the host at 37°C. The ability to differentiate is considered a virulence factor of this pathogen. Copper (Cu) is an essential component of enzymes that carry out electron transfer reactions. Homeostasis of this metal was first described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and homologous genes were identified in several organisms. Among these, the ATX1 gene, related to a copper metallochaperone, stands out, which transports Cu1+ from Ctr1 (transmembrane transporter) to Ccc2 (P-type ATPase) in a trans-Golgi vesicle for eventual insertion into Fet3. The latter is a highaffinity Cu-dependent iron absorption protein. Atx1 was identified in S. cerevisiae as a small 8 kDa Cu chaperone, being classified as an antioxidant molecule. Little is known about Cu homeostasis metabolism and the specific function of the ATX1 gene in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Thus, the identification of Atx1 interaction networks in P. brasiliensis can elucidate details of Cu metabolism in this organism. The main objective of this research was to characterize, through molecular anchoring, how ATX1 interacts with P. brasiliensis proteins, providing an understanding of the biology of the fungus and aiming to identify possible therapeutic targets as a future perspective. A group of proteins that interact with Atx1 was identified and validated through pull-down assays. These proteins are part of the maintenance of homeostasis, interacting with other proteins of copper metabolism, electron transport and detoxification proteins. These interactions indicate the importance of Atx1 for maintaining copper homeostasis in the fungus, being a potential target for alternative drugs, which may collaborate to expand therapeutic options.
Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite c em indivíduos portadores de doenças oncohematológicas em Goiânia-GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-29) Marinho, Tássia Augusto; Arantes, Adriano de Moraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2074071976957154; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Bringel, Regina Maria; Ferreira, Renata Carneiro
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 150 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 350 million people die each year from liver complications related to infection. HCV, as well as hepatotropic can infect and replicate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells can induce a weak disorder oncohematológica. As the etiology of most diseases oncohematológicas is still unknown, some authors have suggested the role of this virus in the genesis of lymphomas. This study aimed to investigate the profile seroepidemiological study of hepatitis C infection in patients with disorder oncohematologicas attended at two hospitals in reference to the treatment of these diseases (Hospital Araújo Jorge e Hospital das Clínicas) in Goiânia, Goiás. A total de 350 individuals were recruited in hospitals, from june/2011 to february/2012 (Hospital Araújo Jorge) and June/August/2012 (Hospital das Clínicas) were interviewed and underwent blood collection. All samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. The anti-HCV positive samples were submitted to HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by reverse hybridization by the Line Probe Assay (LiPA) method. The HCV infection prevalence was 0.86% (95% CI: 0.22 to 2.7) in patients with diseases oncohematológicas. The viral RNA was detected in 0.57% (2/3) of anti-HCV positive samples, and the genotype/subtype 1b, were identified in the study population. Risk characteristics, reported by individuals anti-HCV positive, use non-injecting drug use, blood transfusion before 1994, tattooing, surgery and multiple sexual partners. This research showed low prevalence of hepatitis C in the population studied. However, epidemiological investigations are relevant for analyze the effectiveness of intervention measures for control and prevention of this infection.
Prevalência global e em Goiás das infecções pelos vírus linfotrópicos T humanos 1 e 2 em imigrantes e refugiados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-04-10) Marinho, Thaís Augusto; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582896795892370; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Freitas, Nara Rúbia de; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Nascimento, Laura Branquinho do; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra
Introduction: The international migration of endemic populations for human Tlymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) can play a significant role in introducing these viruses in non-endemic territories. Objectives: To estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among immigrants and refugees in Goiás State and the seropositivity rates for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, analyze factors related to HTLV-1/2 infection, and describe the risk behaviors/practices reported by HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 seropositive individuals. In addition, we estimate the global prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections among immigrants and refugees, and also identify potential variables as sources of heterogeneity between the studies analyzed. Methods: Article 1 - Crosssectional study with 537 international migrants in the State of Goiás. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data and risk behaviors for HTLV-1/2 infection between July 2019 and May 2021, and serum samples from 528 migrants were screened using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-HTLV-1/2 reactive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (LIA). Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Article 2 – Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies on HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 infections among immigrants and refugees worldwide. The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library (VHL) were searched from the inception of studies published until January 06, 2023. A meta-analysis using a generalized mixed linear model with random effect was performed for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Subgroup analyses were used to evaluate the effect of decade of study, sample size, confirmatory methods, region of study, risk group, and region of origin on prevalence. Results: Article 1 - The majority of participants were Venezuelan (47.9%) and Haitian (39.7%); 50.1% were immigrants, 49% refugees and five were Brazilian children (0.9%) born to Haitian immigrant parents. The overall prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.95% (95% CI: 0.31- 2.28), HTLV-1 (0.19%) and HTLV-2 (0.76%). All seropositive individuals (n = 5) were refugees from Venezuela, resulting in a rate of 2.26% for anti-HTLV-1/2, HTLV-1 (0.45%) and HTLV-2 (1.81%) among Venezuelan refugees. Unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner (≥2) in the previous 12 months were factors related to HTLV-1/2 seropositivity among Venezuelans. Reporting of having been breastfed for more than six months and unprotected sex with one or two partners were risk characteristics observed in seropositive individuals. Article 2 – Of a total of 381 records initially identified, 21 studies were included. The global prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections was 1.28% (95% CI: 0.58-2.81) and 0.11% (95% CI: 0.04-0.33), respectively. HTLV-1 prevalence differed significantly by region of origin, with the highest prevalence among those from the Western Pacific Region (7.27%; 95% CI: 2.94- 16.83). In the subgroup analysis, significant differences were also observed between the estimates of HTLV-1 infection considering the decade of study, sample size, and regionof study. For HTLV-2, significant differences were noted in relation to sample size, confirmatory methods, and risk group. Conclusions: The results show that the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among international migrants in Goias State is low; however, the seropositivity for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 indicates the circulation of these viruses in Venezuelan refugees; also pointing out the importance of sexual transmission of HTLV-1/2 in addition to the report of breastfeeding for more than six months by seropositive individuals. The systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that, despite the heterogeneity observed, the HTLV-1 prevalence among immigrants and refugees is higher than HTLV-2. The high prevalence of HTLV-1 found, particularly among those from the Western Pacific Region, suggests that targeted serological screening of international migrants from HTLV-1 endemic regions could be a significant public health intervention for this infection control in immigrant and refugee-receiving non-endemic countries. Relevance and Impact: This study characterizes immigrants and refugees as vulnerable to HTLV-1/2 infection, highlighting the importance of developing public health policies focusing on prevention and control of this infection in international migrants.
Características clínicas e laboratoriais de uma doença neurológica rara e hereditária em uma família do Brasil central
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-06-09) Medeiros, Rodrigo Parente; Caixeta, Leonardo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9536747113677509; Caixeta, Leonardo Ferreira; Teixeira, Kim Ir Sen Santos; Mendonça, Helena Rezende Silva
A rare disease is defined by the World Health Organization as diseases that affect up to 65 people / 100,000. To evaluate these diseases it is required to be performed a lot of tests and it is often not possible to reach a definitive diagnosis. The aim is to describe the clinical and neuroimaging aspects in a countryside Goiás’ family that carries a rare neurodegenerative disease. It’s a descriptive study about five brothers. It’s conducted physical examinations, laboratory, MRI of the cervical column, dorsal and lumbar besides the skull. Made neurophysiological diagnosis, Through genetic sequencing to make exome. We were subjected to neuropsychological assessment, the MEEM and FIM. The five brothers have in common the tetraparesia of crural predominance , muscular atrophy of the lower limbs , severe mental retardation early onset , cerebellar atrophy , paravertebral atrophy and motor axonal neuropathy. Made sequencing the exome for research related genes hereditary spastic paraparesis and not found any gene related to this disease. A probable diagnosis would be the spinocerebellar ataxia type 13, due to the reported clinical picture. But it is necessary a genetic study to proof it. Continuous genetic evaluation of these patients is important because of the description of new genes.
Saúde mental e trabalho: prevalência de morbidade psiquiátrica e fatores associados, entre servidores municipais em licença médica, Goiânia-Goiás, 2010
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-13) Mendonça, Mauro Elias; Turchi, Marília Dalva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3769826743537934; Turchi, Marília Dalva; Corrêa Filho, Heleno Rodrigues; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco
Introduction: Mental disorders (MD) have high morbidity and high load in the years lived with disability, reducing quality of life and producing large socioeconomic impact. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and potential factors associated with psychiatric morbidity of municipal employees on sick leave in Goiânia, Brazil, in 2010. Methods: Cross-sectional census study linking Human Resources System with records of licenses issued by the Medical Board municipality. Socio-demographic and occupational variables and duration of the associated removal by MD licenses were analyzed. The level of significance was set at <5%. Results: Among the 20,535 servers, 5,028 (24.5%) had at least one license, with 801 of these for psychiatric morbidity. In total 9,101 licenses, of which 1,569 were granted for MD. The MD represented the greatest burden of the total period of absence (22.1%) with 75% of the servers on leave for > 15 days. The prevalence of MD was 39.0 licensed servers/1.000 active servers, with 76.4 licenses/1.000 active servers. The prevalence of MD was higher among women and servers with primary or higher education level. There were differences in the leave of absence profile caused by DM between men and women regarding age, ethnicity, marital status and salary. In relation to work, there was a higher prevalence of MD on servers with double bond, length of service <3 years (probation) and with 11-20 years of work. The highest prevalence of MD among women, was found in positions of education and health, and, among men, in surveillance jobs. Mood disorders (25.4/1,000) and neurotic (16.9/ 1,000) were clusters of higher prevalence, with high co-morbidity between both. The diagnostic category of depression was more prevalent. Discussion and Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of MD was more than six times higher than the one found on workers of the general social security system in the country. The results confirm the relevance of MD in health of servers, and bring subsidies to boost promotion measures, surveillance and occupational health care. The need to deepen the study of psychosocial factors associated with high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the public sector and differences in gender and occupation was pointed out in this study.
Tendência da mortalidade por pneumonia em idosos no Brasil e o contexto da vacinação pneumocócica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-06-12) Miranda, Denismar Borges de; Andrade, Ana Lúcia Sampaio Sgambatti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7770363683068899; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4030124246791320; Moraes Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; Turchi, Marília Dalva; Souza, Maria de Fátima Marinho de; Bierrenbach, Ana Luiza; Sartori, Ana Lúcia
Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population worldwide. Studies show the direct and indirect impact of 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine on hospitalizations for pneumonia in several countries. There is scarce knowledge regarding this impact on mortality in the elderly in the world and, to date, no evidence in the Brazilian population. This study aimed to propose models for correcting mortality rates due to pneumonia in the elderly in Brazil and to evaluate the indirect impact of PCV-10, introduced in the childhood immunization schedule, at these rates. This is a time-series study of mortality rates from pneumonia in the elderly from 2005 to 2016. For the time-series analysis, the models for predicting pneumonia rates, if the vaccine had not been implemented, were Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) in the presence of seasonality, Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) when there was only trend, and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) in the absence of trend and seasonality. Percentage difference between observed and predicted rates were calculated, considering statistical significance of 5%. There was an increasing trend of mortality due to pneumonia in the elderly in Brazil. Interrupted time series analysis showed that the estimated pneumonia mortality rates from the study were significantly lower than those predicted by the analysis models. There was probably an indirect impact of PCV-10 on the elderly. In the Southeast region there was a statistically significant difference between the rates observed and the predicted in the three age groups of the elderly.
Identificação por imunoproteômica dos exoantígenos do complexo paracoccidioides, com potencial aplicação no diagnóstico e terapia da paracoccidioidomicose
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-26) Moreira, André Luís Elias; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5415221996976886; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Borges, Clayton Luiz; Silva Neto, Benedito Rodrigues da; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de
Identification by immunoproteomic of exoantigens of the Paracoccidioides complex, with potential application in diagnosis and therapy of Paracoccidioidomycosis Fungi of Paracoccidioides complex are the etiological agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis restricted to Latin American countries. Currently, the Paracoccidioides genus is represented by P. lutzii, P. americana, P. brasiliensis, P. restrepiensis and P. venezuelensis. In some cases, oral and skin mucosal lesions caused by other pathogens may coincide with lesions caused by Paracoccidioides spp.. Moreover, even with the advances in immunological techniques used for the diagnosis of fungal diseases, false-positive results rates for PCM are present. Thus, we investigated which antigens are secreted by 4 species of the Paracoccidioides complex in order to identify and characterize new molecules, thus increasing the spectrum of antigens to be used for future diagnostic tests of PCM. Through of nanoUPLC-MSE, 79 exoantigens were identified in 4 Paracoccidioides species. In silico analysis revealed 2 exoantigens exclusive to P. lutzii species, as well as the identification of 44 unique B-cell epitopes of the Paracoccidioides complex. Thirteen exclusive epitopes distributed among Paracoccidioides species also predicted, being this excellent molecules to be employed in the future for epidemiological studies. These results demonstrate a range of epitopes exclusive to the Paracoccidioides complex as well as the identification of molecules unique to each fungal species. In addition, these analyzes allowed the identification of new candidate biomarkers to PCM diagnosis, as well as the identification of molecules to be used as future epidemiological biomarkers.
Rastreamento sorológico da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em cortadores de cana-de-açúcar nos estados de Goiás e Paraíba
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-22) Oliveira, Brunna Rodrigues de; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Teles, Sheila Araujo
Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major problem for a global public health, with about 71 million people chronically infected worldwide, being a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) set the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health problem by 2030. To do so, it is necessary to track infections in all populations. Sugarcane cutters are a population of seasonal workers, with difficulty to access to health services, which lack information on hepatitis C. Objective: This study aimed to perform the serological screening of hepatitis C virus infection in sugarcane cutters in Goiás and Paraíba. Methods: The population consisted of 937 sugar cane cutters, 636 in Goiás and 301 in Santa Rita-PB. All cutters were invited to participate in the study, and those who signed the consent form were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Then, blood samples were collected and screened for anti-HCV by rapid tests and ELISA. The data were analyzed in the statistical program SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. Results: The population was composed of males (100%), with a mean age of 35.4 years. Regarding schooling, 47.4% reported having up to four years of study and the monthly family income of 78.8% of the participants was less than 2,000.00 reais. After screening for anti-HCV by rapid test and ELISA, it was verified that no individual was exposed to HCV. The risk characteristics for potential viral spread reported by cane cutters were tattooing/piercing, sharing of personal use material, and use of non-injectable drugs. Rapid tests are highly sensitive to anti-HCV, so they are appropriate and feasible for hard-to-reach populations such as sugarcane cutters and other populations. Conclusion: The present study showed that there was no exposure to HCV in the sugarcane cutters of the regions of Goiás and Santa Rita-PB. To achieve WHO's goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health problem, it is important that more research on HCV prevalence is conducted, especially in groups that have difficulty accessing the health system.
Prevalência e fatores associados aos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes e adultos jovens do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-03) Pedroso, Charlise Fortunato; Guimarães , Rafael Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7847112412490217; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Afonso, Eliane Terezinha; Vieira, Maria Aparecida da Silva; Cavalcante , Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer; Vieira, Nayara Figueiredo
Title: Prevalence and factors associated with disease risk behaviors non-communicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil Introduction: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and excess weight are highly prevalent in adolescents and young adults, and can contribute to the development of NCDs and premature mortality in the adult. Objective: Estimate the magnitude and factors associated with risk behaviors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, baseline study population, which used as a data source the National Health Survey conducted in 2019. The population analyzed were teenagers and young people aged 15 to 24. The data were collected through individual interviews during home visits, through a standardized form. The dependent variables included the main risk factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). The demographic variables and socioeconomic variables were used as independent. Multiple regression models Poisson were applied to investigate the magnitude of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variables. The PNS 2019 was approved by the National Ethics Commission in Research (opinion: 3,529,376). Results: 10,460 individuals (5,001 men and 5,459 women). Regardless of gender, the most common risk factors prevalent were the nonrecommended consumption of fruits and vegetables (92.6%) and physical inactivity during leisure time (43.3%). The prevalence of tobacco smokers, consumption of alcoholic drinks once or more a month and alcohol abuse were 8.9%, 28.7%, 18.5%, respectively. The prevalence of regular consumption of soft drinks and/or artificial juices was 17.2%. The prevalence of excess weight was 32.5%. Compared to women, men had a higher prevalence of smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages once or more a month, abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables and consumption of ultra-processed. On the other hand, women had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time and being overweight. Young adults, males and individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and Residents of urban areas had a higher prevalence for most risk factors. risk. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of risk factors in adolescents and young Brazilian adults, mainly among young men and women individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and residents of urban areas. These results indicate the need for policies to reduction in the magnitude of risk factors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Relevance and impact: This is the first comprehensive study that estimated the prevalence and factors associated with risk behaviors in adolescents and adults young people, including the non-student population. The results of the study can support specific actions for this population within the Strategic Action Plan for the Coping with Chronic Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil 2021-2030 of the Ministry of Health, including intensification of health promotion actions and disease prevention in subpopulations with a higher prevalence of risk factors.
Epidemiologia molecular de isolados de toxoplasma Gondii na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-01-12) Rezende, Hanstter Hallison Alves; Vinaud, Marina Clare; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1921551651088660; Castro, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621; Castro, Ana Maria de; Fernandes, Everton Kort Kamp; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Cardoso, Cléver Gomes; Soave, Danilo Figueiredo
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis and its definitive hosts are domestic cats (Felis catus) and other wild felids. Within the cities, stray cats are responsible for the dissemination of the parasite in the environment as they release oocysts which are the infective forms for humans and other animals. Backyard chickens (Gallus gallus) are in constant contact with the environment and feed directly from the soil. Therefore they are important indicators of environmental conditions. The knowledge regarding prevalence, biological and genetic characteristics of T. gondii are of utmost importance for the comprehension of the complex host-parasite relationship. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance of laboratory techniques used to detect the parasite; to determine the prevalence, biology and molecular epidemiology of T. gondii isolated from stray cats and backyard chickens from the metropolitan region of Goiania, in order to better comprehend the infection. This is the first performed study to determine the genetic and biologic characterization of T. gondii in the state of Goias. This study used 24 stray cats captured by the Center for the Zoonosis Control in Goiania and 50 backyard chickens from the Metropolitan Region of Goiania, Goias. The serologic triage was performed by IHA and showed positivity of 87.4% (21/24) cats and 96% (48/50) backyard chickens for T. gondii. The bioassay was performed using the brain and hearts of the cats and chickens obtained after euthanasia of the animals. After the peptic digestion the homogenate tissues was intraperitoneally inoculated in groups of three Swiss mice each which were daily observed in order to detect signs of acute toxoplasmosis. The asymptomatic mice were euthanized after 60 days followed by serologic analysis through indirect immunofluorescence. Fragments of brain from these animals were observed under optic microscopy in order to visualize tissue cysts. Part of the homogenate was submitted to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in which 75% (18/24) cats and 64% (32/50) backyard chickens were positive. The correlation between IHA and PCR from both animals was considered weak. It was not possible to obtain isolate strains from cats. From the chickens it was possible to obtain 15 isolates strains from which 8 presented tachyzoites (acute toxoplasmosis) and 7 presented brain tissues (chronic toxoplasmosis). After the DNA extraction from the isolates the RFLP-PCR was performed using the following primers SAG1, 5’-3’ SAG2, altSAG, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico and CS3. It was possible to define the genotype from 9 isolates. According to ToxoDB seven isolates corresponded to genotype #65 and two isolates have not been described previously. The genetic analysis showed high diversity and variability. The virulence essays showed that the mortality rate in mice in seven isolates that presented tachyzoites, from the same genotype, detected high virulence in 4 isolates and intermediary virulence in 3. The morphometry analysis of the tachyzoites of these isolates showed statistical difference in at least one of the analyzed variables such as length or nuclei-apical complex distance. These phenotypic differences in isolates from the same genotype show the need to the continuity of the genetic characterization of the parasite using other primers which could be related to the isolated phenotype. The study demonstrated the importance of knowledge about the molecular epidemiology of T. gondii in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, which presents high rates of seroprevalence in hosts.

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