Doutorado em Agronomia (EA)

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Navegando Doutorado em Agronomia (EA) por Por tipo de Acesso "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil"

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    Avaliação de métodos de calibração do modelo oryza para estimar produtividade do arroz irrigado
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-29) Castro, João Rodrigo de; Cuadra, Santiago Vianna; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6681955405635283; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Venturoli, Fábio; Battisti, Rafael; Panozzo, Luciana Barros Pinto; Marques, Júlio Renato Quevedo
    Brazil is one of the largest world producers of rice, being the largest production outside of Asian continent. Seventy percent of this production is concentrated in the southern states, where temperature availability and solar radiation are ideal. However, production concentrated in only one region is a matter of concern from the perspective of food security. Therefore, identifying and understanding the yield gaps outside of subtropical region becomes an important task. Crop model simulation is a tool that allows this assessment. In order to propose calibration processes for the ORYZA irrigated rice crop model, the dynamic of photoassimilated allocation were adjusted considering two environments: subtropical and tropical. Experimental data from five trials located at Subtropical (Cachoeirinha / RS) and Tropical (Goianira / GO) environments, for both cultivars, BRS Catiana and IRGA 424, were used. The ORYZA partition dynamic of assimilate were calibrated using information obtained in the experiments (phenological events dates and dry mass). The results obtained indicate that the use of both environments in the calibration, proposed in this study, performed better than default model calibration. The simulated yield for BRS Catiana cultivar with new partitioning parameters showed an improvement of 10% compared with the default ORYZA partitioning parameters. On the other hand, ORYZA model failed to describe satisfactorily the dynamics of mass allocation for leaves, due to the delay in leaf emission, suggesting that it could be related to photoperiodism.
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    Desempenho inicial dos componentes do sistema silvipastoril em um neossolo quartzarênico
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-21) Duarte, Tiago Camilo; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Flores, Rilner Alves; Calil, Francine Neves; Cruz, Simério Carlos Silva; Silva, Thiago Carvalho da
    The Neossolos Quartzarênicos are the main class of sandy soils in Brazil, considered of low agricultural aptitude for presenting low natural fertility, CTC and soil organic matter and vulnerability to degradation. The use of silvopastoral systems (SPSs), which are characterized as a type of agroforestry system and can be understood as the process of afforestation of pastures, are indicated for the adequate management of these soils. The Acacia mangium is a tree legume of multiple use, with great potential to compose these productive systems, for presenting fast initial growth and fixing nitrogen to the soil. Studies of arrangements and species in SPS seek to identify the synergistic effects between the components, for greater diversification of production activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of a Neossolo Quartzarênico, as well as the productive potential of the component species in the implementation phase of a silvopastoral system with Acacia mangium Willd. in different arrangements and a monoculture of forages, in the Midwest of Goiás. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Cachoeira de Goiás–GO, on the São Miguel farm, in a Neossolo Quartzarênico. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized, with plots subdivided in space, with four replications. The plots corresponded to four spatial arrangements: three SPS arrangements with acácia (10×4, 15×4 and 20×4 m) and a monoculture of grasses. The subplots (area of 960 m2) were composed of three grass cultivars: Braúna, Marandu and Massai. The treatments were implemented in december 2016. The chemical attributes of the soil were determined up to the 0.4 m layer, at 10 and 20 months after the treatments were implemented. To determine dry matter productivity, morphological and bromatological composition of forages, cuts were made at 20 cm above the soil surface. Evaluations of tree growth in diameter and height were made up to three years of age. The data were subjected to analysis of variance at 5 and 1% probability by the F test and when significant, the means were compared by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). After two years of implantation, the silvopastoral arrangements have a predisposition for acidification of the soil and greater demand for potassium in relation to the monoculture of forages, with no significant applicable changes in the other chemical attributes. The yields of the forage component are similar between spatial arrangements, with the Massai cultivar showing greater productive potential and low nutritional value. The Acacia mangium shows satisfactory initial growth in silvopastoral system in sandy soil, with emphasis on the 10×4 and 15×4 meter arrangements, showing itself as a species suitable for integrated systems.
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    Atributos do solo em áreas sob cultivo sucessivo de arroz de terras altas em semeadura direta: efeitos sobre a produtividade
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-08-13) França, Sinnara Gomes de Godoy; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6292879655540619; Stone, Luis Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0233514913817700; Stone, Luis Fernando; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Ramos, Maria Lucrécia Generosa; Lacerda, Mábio Chrisley
    Upland rice cultivation under no-tillage has shown low productivity when compared to conventional tillage, requiring further technological adjustments. This study aimed to identify which attributes of an Oxisol of the Cerrado are most affected by successive rice crops under no-tillage and which is the set of these attributes that correlates to rice yield, in order to establish the most suitable soil conditions for this crop. In February 2011, in areas cropped with upland rice under no-tillage system by one, two and three years, respectively, at Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, rice grain yield was determined and soil samples were taken from soil layer of 0.00 - 0.10 m of an Acric Red Latosol to determine soil physical, chemical and biological attributes. Multivariate analysis techniques were applied on data obtained and it showed that rice crops cause changes in all soil attributes compared to the forest, with the exception of K and Cu contents, metabolic and microbial (qMIC) quotients and microbial biomass N: total N relationship (MBN:N). These attributes and Mn content are responsible for discriminating the areas under successive rice crops. The physical attributes are very similar among areas. Cu and Mn contents are higher in the area with one year of rice cultivation, as well as qMIC and MBN: N. The metabolic quotient increases with the years of rice cultivation, which indicates an increase in stress or disorder condition in the soil microbiota. Rice grain yield is positively correlated with total nitrogen, copper, iron, manganese, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents, total enzymatic and acid phosphatase activities, microbial quotient and MBN:N relationship, and negatively correlated with microporosity and metabolic quotient. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the soil attributes that together better explain the grain yield were copper, iron and microbial biomass nitrogen contents and acid phosphatase activity.
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    Caracterização físico-química de frutos e determinação de óleos essenciais da casca de trinta variedades de laranjas doces
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-03) Santos, Fernanda Rodrigues dos; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; Flores, Rilner Alves; Vera, Rosângela; Vieira, Muza do Carmo; Morgado, Cristiane Maria Ascari
    The national sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] is known internationally due to its concentrated juice being the main product, exported to several countries, including the whole of Europe, being an important Brazilian agricultural commodity. Brazilian orchards have a low diversity of varieties in the orchard, as they are concentrated in only four varieties, of the more than six hundred available in the germplasm banks of different research institutions. Characterizing varieties is important for the insertion of new cultivars in the market and identifying materials more adapted to the climatic conditions of each region, and new materials with other skills to be explored, for table, industry, oil, among others. After pressing the fruit in the orange juice processing industries, the essential oil is obtained, being a by-product highly valued due to its antioxidant properties, among other diverse uses. Due to the high processing of the fruit, orange varieties may have aptitude for fresh consumption, fruit processing, or double aptitude; the yield and compounds present in the essential oil may differ between varieties. The objective of this work was to carry out the physical-chemical characterization of the fruits and to evaluate the essential oil content of thirty varieties of orange, collected at the Emater Research Station, in the city of Anápolis, in the 2017 and 2018 harvests. The fruits were evaluated in the Physics-Chemistry Laboratory of Food Engineering at the School of Agronomy of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and in the Laboratory of Research in Natural Products of the Faculty of Pharmacy (UFG). The samples were subjected to a completely randomized design, the results analyzed in Analysis of Variance, the means compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability and the average of the two years of evaluation were submitted to the Principal Component Analysis and the Cluster Analysis Hierarchical. The fruits showed a yellowish to orange color, 18 varieties are round to oblong, 13 are large, and Hamlim 02, Pera DP 12 and Pera 21 produce small fruits according to the Brazilian Horticulture Modernization Program. The oil yield varied between 0.23% (Bahia Baianinha) to 5.57% (Valencia IAC). Among the various characteristics evaluated, it was possible to determine that the varieties have characteristics accepted by the processing industry, except Lima Score, which has low acidity and high Ratio. Salustiana, Pearson Brown, Hamlin 20, Toregosa and Pera DP 06 can be used in the production of pasteurized juice. Natal 112, Natal IAC, Pera 2000, Pera DP 21, Pera DP 25, Pera IAC, Valencia IAC and Valencia Monte Morelos, may have double aptitude. Limonene, mircene, alpha-pinene and sabinene were the compounds found in the oil, remaining even after the process of dehydration of the peel and oil extraction. Volatile compounds can be lost after drying or after the oil hydrodistillation process. Some varieties showed compounds not identified in their composition. The varieties have different compounds and oil yields, even when subjected to the same drying and oil extraction process.