Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia

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Evapotranspiração das culturas do milho e feijão no bioma Cerrado utilizando sensoriamento remoto por drones e satélites
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-28) Almeida, Fillipe de Paula; Teixeira, Antônio Heriberto de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9956312513672760; Júnior, José Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior, José; Souza, João Maurício Fernandes; Giongo, Pedro Rogerio; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Pena, Diogo Silva
Corn and beans are two of the main grains grown worldwide, with great importance in human and animal food. Corn cultivation is carried out mainly in the 1st and 2nd harvest, depending most of the time on rain and being vulnerable to dry spells. Likewise beans, which are mostly produced in the 2nd harvest. As a result, knowledge of crop evapotranspiration is essential to feed models for estimating and breaking productivity, managing water resources and managing irrigation. In this context, remote sensing becomes a viable alternative, with low operating costs and good accuracy. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) algorithm in estimating the current evapotranspiration (ETa) of corn and bean crops in the northwest region of Goiás. Both studies were carried out in ItaberaíGoiás in an area irrigated by center pivot in the year 2021. The research was carried out in two parts: the first was to evaluate the impact of bolting on the calculated ET in an area cultivated with corn. Images from a MicaSense Altum multispectral and thermal camera coupled to a drone and three different sources of albedo images were used: Landsat 8, Sentinel 2A and drone. The albedo from the drone was obtained through the camera's reflectance images. The second part was to evaluate the impact of different albedo sources on the calculated ET, also using the camera images, but using four albedo sources. For this, an albedometer was installed in the field. The ET estimated by each source was determined with the ET obtained by the FAO method, Embrapa and climatological water balance from statistical indices. Tasseling in the maize crop contaminated the NDVI and albedo pixels, leading to a greater underestimation in the reproductive phase. On average, the MDE (mean square error) and AME (mean absolute error) were close to 1 mm day-1. Estimation of ET by remote sensing is not recommended for the reproductive phase of maize. Estimation of the ETa for the common bean crop is recommended from multispectral and thermal camera images, with both surface albedo sources. The confidence index ranges from 0.91 to 0.97. ETDroneAlb showed lower error compared to the standard methods.
Adubação orgânica em sistema agroflorestal: atributos químicos e físicos do solo e desempenho das espécies consorciadas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-25) Andrade, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Calil, Francine Neves; Flores, Rilner Alves; Freitas, Gilson Araújo de; Silva, Átila Reis da
The insertion of barueiros in the production systems through agroforestry system SAFs can promote the integration of rural areas in the Cerrado, especially when combined with crops of high relevance for farmers in this region, preserving natural resources and providing additional income for producers. Due to the integration of different crops, whether through consortia, successions or crop rotation, the demand for nutrients can be intensified, causing greater dependence on mineral fertilizers, which increases production costs. Organic fertilization can be a lower cost strategy to supply the nutrient demand for SAFs, in addition to contributing to the maintenance of the system's sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in different doses of organic compost in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil and in the development of crops grown in an agroforestry system in the Cerrado of Goiás. The experiment was conducted in a SAF composed of barueiros, divided into six rows of 14 trees, with banana trees and agricultural crops grown between the rows. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatments consisted of four doses of organic compost (5, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha-1), a treatment with mineral fertilization, plus the control without fertilization. The chemical and physical attributes of the soil, the agronomic performance of cowpea and banana and the growth of cassava and baru trees were evaluated. The applications of organic compost promote positive changes in the chemical attributes of the soil, especially in the first layers, with increased levels of MOS, P, K and Mg compared to mineral fertilization. During the studied period, the doses of organic compost and mineral fertilization did not affect the physical attributes of the soil to a depth of 0.20 m. The organic compost formed by energy cane biomass and cattle manure shows potential as an organic fertilizer in the cultivation of cowpea and banana cultivated in an agroforestry system, being able to substitute at 100% the mineral fertilization in the nutrition of these cultures. Doses 20 and 40 Mg ha-1 of organic compost provided the greatest increases in the vegetative performance of cassava, equivalent to mineral fertilization. During the period studied, mineral fertilization and doses of organic compost did not affect baru growth.
Eficiência de biofertilizante oriundo da metanogênese na cana energia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-21) Barros, Leonardo Rodrigues; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Correchel, Vladia; Ribon, Adriana Aparecida; Zang, Joachim Werner
Biofertilizer is a co-product obtained through the anaerobic fermentation of organic residues. It is presented, in general, in liquid form, having a variable composition of nutrients, mainly nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The study of agronomic variables is essential in crops that received the biofertilizer for the proper management of energy cane. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of application and residual doses of biofertilizer from methanogenesis in energy cane during three years of cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at UFG. The soils used were: LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Ácrico (LVw) (490 g kg-1 of clay) and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO Distrófico (LVAd) (160 g kg-1 of clay). The design was in randomized blocks, factorial scheme (2x6), with 2 soils of different textures and 5 doses of biofertilizer (0; 150; 300; 600 and 1200 m3 ha-) and an NPK treatment. The biofertilizer came from the methanogenesis of energy cane. Biometric analyzes (height, diameter and number of tillers) were carried out for cane plant monthly adding up to a total of ten evaluations, for cane ratoon I and II there were 5 evaluations. The productivity and fertility evaluation were carried out at the end of each cycle, whereas the leaf evaluations in the cane plant and ratoon II were in the period of 8 months of development of the culture. The physiological evaluations in the plant cane were carried out at 300 DAP. The results obtained were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, and polynomial regression. For the tiller variable in the plant energy cane in the LVAd and LVw, it was noted that the higher the dose applied, the plant had a higher number of tillers. In the total green biomass in the cane plant in the LVAd and LVw the maximum efficiency doses were 1083.69 and 811.28 m3 ha-1 . The leaf potassium contents in the cane plant in the LVw were higher at doses of 600 and 1200 m3 ha-1 , with the following averages 8.27 and 9.19 g kg-1 . A linear increase in total dry biomass was observed in the first ratoon in the LVAd. In the second ratoon evaluation of soil fertility, a significant effect of treatment was observed only for organic matter in the soil. In general, the application of increasing doses of biofertilizer improves the productivity of cane energy plant and ratoon. The doses of biofertilizer in plant cane are significantly responsive to physiological variables: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. The residual effect of the biofertilizer on the second cane energy ratoon does not affect the development of the crop in height and diameter and stalk production, however it increases the number of tillers. The biofertilizer application increases the potassium content in the plant, and reflects in the stalks production of the energy cane plant.
Eficácia de Cordyceps javanica sozinho ou em combinação com inseticidas químicos no controle de Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 e persistência em folhas de soja
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-30) Boaventura, Heloiza Alves; Quintela, Eliane Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7426637066408803; Quintela, Eliane Dias; Rezende, Janayne Maria; Fernandes, Éverton Kort Kamp
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes direct damage by sap suction and toxin injection, and indirect damage by fumagine and transmission of more than 300 species of viruses to plants. Cordyceps javanica has been found to cause natural epizootic diseases and is an alternative for the management of resistant whitefly populations. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the susceptibility of all B. tabaci nymphal stages to three C. javanica isolates by observing the effect of different climatic conditions on screened virulence; (2) evaluate the efficiency and persistence of C. javanica and the association of the fungus with chemical insecticides in the control of whitefly. No differences in susceptibility were observed between C. javanica isolates for 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar nymphs; mortalities ranged from 63.7-87.8% to 5 × 107 conidia mL-1. The 4th instar was less susceptible to isolates (≤15.5% mortality). However, adults who emerged from 4th instar nymphs were highly susceptible (adult mortality and ringworm ranged from 75.6 to 93.2%). In our study, temperature was more detrimental to Cordyceps virulence in Bemisia nymphs than relative humidity. The BRM 27666 isolate was selected for field efficiency tests because of its ability to grow extensively on the leaf surface and produce a high amount of conidia under wet conditions. In all experiments, a pressurized CO2 spray with dropleg bars was used (they spray the leaves upwards). The percentage of sporulated nymphs ranged from 47 - 59.1% to 25.4 - 41.3% for unformulated (3 applications of 1 × 1012 conidia ha-1) and formulated (1 application of 2 × 1011 conidia ha-1), respectively, after 28 days. Nymph mortality increased after joint action with parasitoids (67.9 - 81.6%) in fungal treatments. The persistence of C. javanica conidia was significantly reduced at 48 h. After combining the fungus with the chemical insecticides, the percentage of mycosis ranged from 20.2 to 35% after 26 days, except the fungus + pyriproxyfen (≤9.4%). In general, after the joint action of natural enemies, the mortality of nymphs in fungal treatments ranged from 90.3 to 98.1%. The high potential of C. javanica in whitefly control has been demonstrated in our field and screenhouse experiments. Based on this, C. javanica BRM 27666 was selected as a promising isolate in whitefly control. A C. javanica conidia-based mycoinsecticide has been developed and is under registration in Brazil for the control of whitefly in several crops.
Crescimento de porta-enxertos e interação entre porta-enxertos e cultivares copas de videira (Vitis spp.) na região de Goiânia-GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-07) Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso; Seleguini, Alexsander; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4677527012573000; Seleguini, Alexsander; Campos, André José de; Corrêa, Gilmarcos de Carvalho; Aguiar, Renata Alves; Teramoto, Adriana
In order to evaluate the growth of three cultivars of rootstocks, as well as for the cultivation of rootstocks and canopy, better adapted to the conditions of soil and climate of the Cerrado, are important for the growth of viticulture in Goiás state. Such as the influence of rootstocks on production, physical-chemical characteristics and maturation evolution in four table grape cultivars grown in Goiânia, GO. In the first experiment, to evaluate the growth of rootstocks, the experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design (3x7), with five replications, each replicate formed by one plant. The first factor consisted of three rootstocks: IAC-313 'Tropical', IAC-572 'Jales' and IAC-766 'Campinas'. The plants were evaluated from 45 days after drastic pruning, totaling seven evaluations (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 days after pruning), being the second factor. The diameter of the main branch was evaluated at grafting height (80 cm), and main branch length, in addition to the absolute growth rate. In the second experiment, a randomized complete block design was used, with five replications. The studied combinations were composed by the rootstocks IAC 766 'Campinas' x IAC 572 'Jales' under the cultivars BRS Vitória, BRS Núbia, BRS Isis and Niagara Rosada. Each cultivar was evaluated in isolation for the two rootstocks. The rootstock cultivar IAC-572 'Jales' shows greater vigor for branch growth. In length it was 69% and 47.3% higher, in diameter it was 49.8% and 18.8% higher than the IAC-313 'Tropical' and 'IAC-766' Campinas rootstocks, respectively. The rootstock cultivar IAC-766 'Campinas' although has low vigor in branch growth, presents a satisfactory development. The cultivar BRS Vitória presented higher productivity on the rootstock IAC 766 and greater development of the curls and berries on the IAC 572. This cultivar presented a cycle of 119 days and a thermal requirement of 1419 Degrees of Pruning until harvest. The BRS Nubia cultivar presented higher productivity on the IAC 572 rootstock. The thermal requirement for BRS Nubia to complete its cycle was 1725 Degrees-Day, with a productive cycle, from pruning to harvesting of 140 days. The cultivar BRS Isis on the rootstock IAC 572 presented higher values of yield, yield and number of bunches per plant. On the IAC 766 rootstock, BRIS Isis presented a thermal need of 1958 Degrees, with a cycle of 154 days. For IAC 572, it took 2079 Degrees-Day, 161 days after pruning. The evaluated rootstocks did not influence the productive and physical-chemical characteristics of Niagara rosé. The productive cycle of the pruning until the harvest was of 133 days and thermal necessity of 1622 Degrees-Day, for both rootstocks. The cultivars BRS Vitória, BRS Núbia, BRS Isis and Niágara rosada are recommended for cultivation in the region of Goiânia-GO.
Estabelecimento de normas DRIS em cana-de-açúcar no município de Quirinópolis, GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-26) Carvalho, Aline dos Santos de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Flores, Rilner Alves; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; Caione, Gustavo
Although little used, the integrated diagnosis and recommendation system (DRIS) is a promising tool for the correct interpretation of the chemical analysis of sugarcane leaves and, consequently, the adequate nutritional management of the crop. The study was carried out with the objective of determining the DRIS norms in commercial crops producing sugarcane through analyzes of soil, leaf and stalk productivity, to aid in the efficient nutritional monitoring of the crop. The experimental design adopted was a 2x2 factorial scheme, with two cultivation systems (with or without vinasse) and two varieties of sugarcane (CTC 4 and RB 867515). Each treatment had 50 repetitions, totaling 200 sample units. The soil bank was composed of samples of 0-20 cm, collected 60 days after the last fertilization. For leaf nutritional assessment, 10 diagnostic leaves (leaf + 1) were collected at the moment of the greatest vegetative development of the crop. Similarly, the evaluation of stalk productivity considering the same sampling points as soil and leaf sampling. After assembling the database (soil, leaf and productivity), these were interpreted by the critical levels and, the DRIS standards and indices with the aid of the statistical program Statical Analysis System - SAS. Sugarcane had an average increase of 30 in the productivity of areas fertilized with vinasse, in the CTC4 variety. For leaf DRIS, there was greater sensitivity in diagnosing N deficiency. However, when the database was fed with soil data, DRIS showed greater sensitivity in detecting micronutrient limitations. There are differences in the nutritional diagnosis presented by the critical level and DRIS methods for the cultivation of sugarcane for both soil and plant. DRIS suggests specific recommendations that lead to increasing nutritional balance and increasing productivity.
Fertilização nitrogenada como ferramenta para mitigação de efeitos do déficit de radiação solar no arroz irrigado
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-06) Carvalho, Renata de Castro Marques; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5678716451015561; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luís Fernando; Santos, Marcos Paulo dos; Silva, Rodrigo de Souza; Silva, Elaine Fernanda da
Rice is part of the routine diet of the Brazilian population. Worldwide, it is considered one of the species with the greatest potential for combating hunger. Nitrogen is the nutrient most required by the rice crop. Solar radiation is one of the elements of the climate that most affects crop productivity. In Brazil, rice is grown in different regions, whose locations have a different supply of solar radiation throughout the cycle. This is one of the factors that explains the differences in productivity between regions. Some studies have shown that the supply of nitrogen as a top dressing minimizes the damage caused by solar radiation deficit in irrigated rice. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the solar radiation deficit on two cultivars of irrigated rice and to investigate whether the supply of nitrogen minimizes the effects caused by this deficit. Two field trials were conducted for the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 harvests. The work was carried out at the Palmital Farm experimental station, belonging to Embrapa Rice & Beans, in the municipality of Goianira-Goiás. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a subdivided plot design, with shading as the main plot, the nitrogen dose as the subplot and the cultivars as the sub-sub-plots. The cultivars studied were BRS Catiana and IRGA 424 RI. The nitrogen source used was urea, at doses of 50 kg ha-1 of N (applied just once, at the V2 stage) and 180 kg ha-1 of N (spread over three seasons, V2; V3 and V6, with the respective doses of 50; 50 and 80 kg ha-1 of N). The light-restricted plots were covered with a black propylene screen with an attenuation capacity of 30% of global solar radiation, which was installed at the start of flowering (R4) and remained in place until physiological maturity (R9). Fifteen days after the shading was installed, the plants' gas exchange was assessed using an infrared gas analyzer. At the same time, plant samples were taken for analysis of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and total nitrogen content. At harvest time, a 1.0 m row was sampled for analysis of yield components. Yield was obtained by harvesting 10 m of the row. Whole grain yield was assessed by processing a 100 gram sample from each experimental plot. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test (p<0,05). Shading reduced the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem of the cultivars in the shaded condition. The nitrogen content in the plant was reduced under conditions of light restriction. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration) was affected by the availability of solar radiation. Under shaded conditions, there was a lower yield of whole grains. Increased nitrogen application allowed for a recovery in gas exchange, non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen content in the plant, productivity and whole grain yield, under conditions of limited solar radiation. The IRGA 424 RI cultivar had a greater ability to adjust in the shaded condition compared to BRS Catiana, which implied higher productivity in this condition. In the unshaded condition and at the highest dose of N (180 kg ha-1), the BRS Catiana cultivar showed higher productivity than IRGA 424 RI. Applying nitrogen as a top dressing is a management strategy that can be applied to minimize the impact of solar radiation deficit on irrigated rice crops.
Rizobactérias e silício na intensificação da mitigação do arroz de terras altas ao déficit hídrico e à brusone
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-24) Faria, Denner Robert; Lanna, Anna Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0661616367659826; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Souza, Alan Carlos Alves de
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the only cereal that feeds approximately 2,4 billion people in the world per day. The productivity of the highland farming system is challenged by the occurrence of blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) and water deficit. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), as well as silicon, as they have multiple bioactivity, have the potential to mitigate water deficit and the effects of blast.The objective was to characterize nine rhizobacteria isolates, select the ones that are most resistant to high osmotic potentials combined with monosilicic acid, evaluate the effect of the best combinations in the development of rice seedling roots in vitro and in the mitigation of water deficit and blast leaf in rice plants, in vivo. Five sequential tests were performed. 1) Nine rhizobacteria isolates (Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113) two Serratia sp. isolates (BRM 32114 and BRM 63522) and two Serratia marcescens (BRM 63521 and BRM 63523); Bacillus thuringiensis (BRM 32110), Bacillus cereus (BRM 32109), Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111) and Pseudomonas sp. (BRM 32112)) were characterized for the production of extracellular enzymes, siderophores, biofilm, ACC deaminase enzyme, indolacetic acid (AIA) and phosphatase, in a completely randomized design, and three repetitions. 2) The nine isolated PGPRs were grown in liquid culture medium supplemented with seven different concentrations of PEG-6000 combined with monosilicic acid, in a completely randomized design, and twelve replications. The growth rate was determined and viable cells were quantified. 3) The best isolates were used to treat the seeds of the cultivar BRS Esmeralda of upland rice. The seeds were sown in culture medium containing the seven concentrations of PEG-6000 combined with monosilicic acid, in a completely randomized design, with six replications. The root development of seedlings was evaluated with the aid of a scanner and the program WinRhizo Pro 2012b. 4) The best isolates were tested as antagonists to M. oryzae, in Petri dishes containing culture medium enriched with seven different concentrations of PEG-6000 combined with monosilicic acid, in a completely randomized design, in three replications. The colony diameter of each treatment was determined. 5) In greenhouse conditions, seeds of the cultivar BRS Esmeralda, treated with the isolate BRM 32111, were sown in plastic trays containing 3 kg of soil fertilized with calcium and magnesium silicate (9 g tray-1). At 15 days after planting, the leaves were sprayed with the same isolate and at 21 days they were subjected to four days of water deficit. Gas exchanges were evaluated at the end of this period. At 26 days, the plants were inoculated with a conidia suspension of M. oryzae. The progress of the disease was assessed for seven days. The isolates BRM 32110, BRM 3211 and BRM 63523 were the most resistant to high osmotic pressure, in addition to being producers of extracellular enzymes, siderophores, biofilm, ACC deaminase enzyme, AIA and phosphate solubilizers. And the isolate BRM 32111 was the one that most inhibited (78,36%) the mycelial growth of M. oryzae in the presence of monosilicic acid. In the development of seedlings in vitro, the same three isolates combined with monosilicic acid, were promising under high osmotic pressure, increased the length and area of roots and even more of root hair due to the expansion of very thin roots, mitigating the effects of water deficit in seedlings. Comparing the control with the highest osmotic potential, within the parameters length and total root surface area, the isolate BRM 32111 showed an increase of 93,26 and 77,32%, the isolate BRM 32110 of 203,65 and 110,24% and the isolate BRM 63523 of 139,67 and 170,13%. In the parameter length and area of very thin roots, this increase in treatments with osmotic pressures was up to 109,29 and 194,00%, (BRM 32111), 44,06 and 90,49% (BRM 32110) and 34,31 and 36,17% (BRM 63525). In a greenhouse, BRM 32111 in combination with calcium and magnesium silicate, in all treatments, an increase in transpiration and photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and carboxylation efficiency, in addition to reducing leaf blast severity. The nine isolates in synergism with silicon showed potential for mitigating damage caused by water deficit and blast suppression and among them BRM 32111 stood out in mitigating damage to upland rice plants in greenhouse, in vitro and in vivo.
Desempenho agronômico do arroz de terras altas em condições controladas, promovido por microrganismos multifuncionais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-20) Fernandes, João Pedro Tavares; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3194091518396388; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Lobo, Valácia Lemes da Silva; Lacerda, Mábio Chrisley
Rice is among the three most consumed cereals in the world, it is the staple food for more than 50% of the world population and an important source of carbohydrates. In Brazil, upland rice, dependent on rainwater, is grown mostly in the Midwest and North regions. Aiming at a sustainable production, which provides greater productivity, with the use of less quantity of inputs, it is necessary to improve cultivation techniques, thus meeting the growing demand for food. In this sense, the use of multifunctional microorganisms can be a strategic alternative for this sustainable production. This is because, these microorganisms provide several direct and indirect benefits to plants, such as the production of hormones, siderophores, phosphate solubilizers, improved nutrient absorption and gas exchange and bioprotection against biotic and abiotic stresses, factors that result in greater productivity crop grain. The use of a mix of multifunctional microorganisms can have a greater beneficial effect when compared to the use of these same microorganisms used in isolation. However, there are still few studies on the use of a mix of multifunctional microorganisms in upland rice culture. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the use of multifunctional microorganisms, isolated or in mix on the performance of upland rice culture. For this, three experiments were conducted, in a completely randomized design, where the variables of biomass production, gas exchange, accumulated nutrient content in the plant, components of production and grain yield, total root length, root diameter, volume were evaluated roots and root dry matter in rice plants. In experiment 1, the treatments consisted of the rhizobacterias Bacillus sp. (BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301), Azospirillum sp. (1381), Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111), Pseudomonas sp. (BRM 32112), Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), Serratia sp. (BRM 32114) and a pool of Trichoderma asperellum (UFRA. T06 + UFRA. T09 + UFRA. T12 + UFRA. T52), applied alone or in a mix of two, three, four and five microorganisms, totaling 26 treatments. However, the mix of various microorganisms did not provide significant increases in the development of rice plants, due to possible competition between them. Thus, the second experiment was carried out in which the microorganisms were applied alone and combined in pairs, totaling 26 treatments. In the third experiment, the rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested. (BRM32111), Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), Serratia sp. (BRM32114), Bacillus sp. (1301), Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5) and Azospirillum sp. (1381), in the root development of rice seedlings. In all experiments, the control treatment (without microorganisms) was used. Based on the experiments, it appears that the most effective treatments were: Experiment I, microorganisms Ab-V5 + Bacillus sp., Bacillus spp. + Azospirillum sp., Pool of Trichoderma asperellum and Serratia sp. + Trichoderma asperellum pool, which provided the largest increases in the total biomass production of upland rice plants with values of 26.8, 25.4, 23.3 and 21.3%, higher than the control treatment, respectively. Experiment II, the microorganisms 1301 + Ab-V5 and BRM 32114 + Trichoderma asperellum pool, since they provided an average increase of 123 and 88% in the number of panicles and 206 and 167% in the grain yield of rice of highlands, respectively, compared to the control treatment. And in experiment III, the microorganism Azospirillum sp. (1381) provided better performance of the components: root length, root volume and dry root weight in rice seedlings, corresponding to 86.34, 111.53 and 29.41%, respectively superior to the control treatment. Based on the results obtained, it is highlighted that the use of multifunctional microorganisms can significantly improve the performance of the upland rice culture, with emphasis on the good results obtained with the use of the mix in pairs of these microorganisms. However, despite the positive results in controlled conditions, further research is needed, evaluating the possible beneficial effects also in field conditions.
Área de preservação permanente em processo de revegetação com espécies arbóreas e adubos verdes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-02) Ferreira, Eva de Melo; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Correchel, Vladia; Calil, Francine Neves; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patrício de
This work was carried out Agronomy School of the Federal University of Goiás, where there is a dam that has its water used for the purpose of industrial supply, human and also for the creation of exotic fish, not belonging to the Cerrado fauna. In 2011 the revegetation was initiated with native tree species, among these: baru (Dipteryx alata), pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia), murici (Byrsonima crassifólia), nóde- porco (Physocalymma scaberrimum), and apeiba (Apeiba albiflora). Before the land was occupied with the cultivation of vegetables, annual crops and forages. In association with some tree species were used green manures, which among other things promote soil unpacking and nutrient cycling through the roots. The main objective of this study was to diagnose the situation of the study area, including water body that is fueled by Córrego Samambaia. Measurements were made of height and diameter of tree species for twelve months. In addition there collecting dam water samples where analyzed parameters pH, conductivity, total P and heavy metals. In July of 2014 and December of that year, analyzes were made of turbidity, color, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). The parameters were evaluated according to the recommendations in the Standard Methods For Examination of Water & Wastewater (APHA, 2012) and these were performed in the Soil Analysis Laboratory, Substrate and Plant Nutrition (Lassnut) in the Agronomy School, and the use of Sanitation Laboratory of the School of Civil Engineering, both from the Federal University of Goiás. It also carried out physico-chemical analysis of soil. These were performed at Lassnut and also at the Soil Physics Laboratory EA-UFG. Monitoring carried out in September 2013 to August 2014, some plants had good response in relation to the use of green manures, but others had high mortality during the study, as the case of the pequi. The competition between alien and native was reduced, which increased overall survival. Elements such as Mn showed no significant difference in all treatments during evaluation’s period. The replacement of leguminous plants where there has been death is one of the alternatives to reduce compression levels. Macro and micro pores values were similar, but for texture area showed differences. For penetration resistance tests (PR) made in an area with green manure and one without legumes species, the largest PR values were found in the area without green manure. The water body receives the discharge of sewage illegally occupied homes. Parameters such as electric conductivity, were stable during the twelve months of study. The results for DO and BOD are outside the recommended by CONAMA’s determination, Nº 357.
Eficiência agronômica do fosfato natural de Bonito, MS, em milho, braquiária ruziziensis e feijoeiro comum
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-30) Freitas, Roberto José de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Calil, Francine Neves; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patricio de; Nascimento, Abadia dos Reis; Zang, Joachim Werner
Cerrado agriculture is highly dependent on the intensive application of fertilizers, given the natural conditions of low fertility of its soils. The correction and phosphate fertilization in particular constitute essential and costly operations, in view of the low availability and high adsorption of P in these soils, due to its high acidity and oxydic mineralogy. In addition, Brazil is highly dependent on the import of this nutrient, making wide use mainly of industrialized P sources with high solubility in water and high cost. Reactive natural phosphates are interesting technical and economic alternatives for application in these soils, also being provided for phosphate fertilization in agroecological production systems, where the use of industrialized soluble phosphates is not certified. The agronomic characteristics of these fertilizers are low solubility in water, presenting slower release of the nutrient. Most Brazilian phosphate reserves are of magmatic origin, with structure of non-weathered crystals, presenting very low efficiency if not industrially processed. Recently it was prospected and entered the process of mining in Bonito-MS, phosphate reserve of sedimentary origin, with P contents of the order of 20%, with great potential as a corrective source remineralizing the soil in this element. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of this natural phosphate of Bonito (FNB), compared to the natural phosphate of Morocco (FNM) and triple superphosphate (STP), applied in no-tillage of corn, intercropping with brachiaria ruziziensis and with successive cultivation of beans, in a cultivation model used in the recent crop-livestock integration systems, allowing to observe immediate and residual effects of the application. An experiment was installed in an area of the Agronomy School of UFG, with application in the fnb planting furrow at the doses of 45, 90,180 and 360 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 from the STP and FNM sources. The fertilization was carried out in spaced grooves of 50 cm, where corn was planted and sown to the pitch of brachiaria ruziziensis, also making sequential cultivation of beans. There were significant responses to fnb doses in grain yield and leaf terrors of Corn and bean P, in the dry matter production of brachiaria, as well as in the increase of soil P availability, demonstrating that the FNB is an efficient source of P for fertilization and soil correction in the Cerrado. The FNB showed lower efficiency than the SFT in the production of corn grains and equivalent efficiency in the dry matter production of brachiaria and common bean grains. Its efficiency was similar to that of the FNM.
Recuperação da qualidade de solo em pastagens degradadas por meio de sistemas integrados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-05) Furquim, Leonnardo Cruvinel; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Stone, Luis Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0233514913817700; Stone, Luis Fernando; Calil, Francine Neves; Correchel, Vladia; Moura, Jadson Belem de; Silva, Mellissa Ananias Soler da
Strategies to intensify livestock production in the Cerrado must consider improving the quality of the soil and the forage offered to animals. In addition, sustainability in meat and milk production is an international demand that will have a crucial impact on the continuity of rural properties. In this sense, integrated production systems, especially crop-livestock-forest integration and the use of technologies are highlighted. The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the soil quality and the current evapotranspiration in integrated in the recovery of degraded pastures. The experiment was implemented in Rio Verde - Goiás in November 2017, in a Red Latosol with a very clayey texture soil and composed of seven treatments, and from the third onwards there was soil tilling and fertilization in new forage and, from the fourth, production between eucalyptus rows: Degraded Pasture - 1.36 AU ha-1 with 507 days of grazing; Fertilized Pasture - 1.68 AU ha-1 with 507 days of grazing (fertilization in established pasture); Conventional - 2.05 AU ha-1 with 355 days of grazing; Lavoura-Floresta integration (production of vegetables and fruit); Livestock-Forest integration - 2.68 AU ha-1 with 507 days of grazing (immediate), Crop-Livestock-Forest hay integration - 4.15 AU ha-1 with 157 days of grazing after hay cutting and Crop-Livestock integration -Silage forest - 3.26 AU ha-1 with 157 days of grazing after cutting the consortium with forage sorghum. The forage planted was BRS RB331 Ipyporã, forage sorghum BRS655 and eucalyptus the clone AEC-2111. The lines were implanted with a simple line, 22 meters between lines and 2 meters between plants. After four months of planting, an evaluation of the chemical, physical and microbiological quality of the soil was carried out, in addition to the evaluation of evapotranspiration and biomass by remote sensing. The parameters soil density, total porosity, macropores, S index and soil aeration capacity did not differ statistically. Degraded pastures showed higher microporosity than other treatments. The indices indicate greater water retention in the pasture degraded by the greater amount of micropores due to the compaction processes. All treatments were below the critical S limit of 0.045, whose values below indicate soil structure degradation. Higher population density of fungi and bacteria was observed, as well as mycorrhizal fungi spores in treatment soils without soil disturbance. The results referring to soil fertility were responsive only in treatments where liming was performed. The remote sensing data were accurate in determining the current biomass and evapotranspiration in the treatments. At 24 months were determined of experiment, were determined the water infiltration speed curves and the respective basic infiltration speed values, the soil resistance to penetration, the current evapotranspiration of the cultures and the measurement of the chemical attributes in the treatments in response to the management of soil fertility. In the cultivation systems in which the soil was prepared, the basic infiltration speed tended to be higher, with emphasis on the livestock-forest integration system with eucalyptus cultivation intercropped with brachiaria for grazing and the planting of the brachiaria done with conventional tillage. The lesser resistance of the soil to the penetration was provided by the diversity of species in the silviagricultural systems. In the livestock-forest integration treatment, the highest mean ETa was observed (1.33 mm day-1) and, in the degraded pasture treatment, the lowest mean ETa (0.96 mm day-1) was observed. The integrated systems were adapted to the region's seasonality, suffering water stress in the dry season and with space-time heterogeneity in the wet season. There was an increase in organic matter, pH, potassium and base saturation and a decrease in aluminum saturation in conditions of non-revolving soil and replacement of nutrients through liming and fertilization. There was no effect of the forest component on soil attributes in relation to areas without eucalyptus in the period of 2 years. The fertilized treatments provided an increase in the stocking rate, showing viability in its implantation due to the nutrient cycling provided by the animals and plants.
Aspectos fenológicos, associação micorrízica e germinação in vitro de Cyrtopodium vernum Rchb.f. & Warm (Orchidaceae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-19) Gonçalves, Fábio José; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Pires, Larissa Leandro; Lobo Junior, Murilo; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu
Cyrtopodium vernum Rchb. f. Warm (Orchidaceae) is a species widely distributed in Brazilian savannah, mainly in Cerrado Rupestre. C. vernum is a terrestrial plant, growing in sand soil, dry environment and it grows in full sun. Due to beauty of its flowers and its inflorescence, C. vernum presents high ornamental and commercial potential. However, few information are available on aspects of development, budding or germination of this species that can be used for the production of plants in scale for use in commercial production. Thus, the present study objectified to characterize the fenology, the morphology and the reproductive aspects of this species and to establish protocols for symbiotic and asymbiotic germination in vitro. The plants studied grows at the Biological Reserve Prof. Jose Ângelo Rizzo, a forest remainder of 500 ha of Cerrado biome, whose predominant vegetation is the type Cerrado Rupestre, located in the Serra Dourada, city of Mossâmedes-GO. From the months of July of 2007 through August of 2008 monthly visits had been carried out for accompaniment and collects data of 63 plants, distributed in four subpopulations. For the establishment of the germination protocols in vitro of C. vernum established the symbiotic culture, pairs the isolated fungic contends the mycorrhizae Epulorhiza sp., obtained from roots of C. vernum, with the seeds of C. vernum in medium FA, and the asimbyotic culture, where the seeds had been cultivated in culture mediums that are regularly used for seed orchids germination, being the complete MS medium, the MS medium with reduction to the half of the concentration of macronutrients (½ MS) and the Knudson medium (KC). Also histological slides of these roots were made for verification the mycorrhizae symbiotic interactions in the roots. The analysis of the behavior of C. vernum allowed to verify that this species presents the beginning of the budding with the beginning of rainy season and that the bloom is narrowly related with the action of the fire. Soon after the bloom, still in the rainy period, plants of C. vernum starts to invest its energy in the production of vegetative parts, as new pseudobulbs and leves. The establishment of the symbiotic germination in vitro did not disclose resulted satisfactory because no protocorms formation were obtained. However, satisfactory results had been founded in the asymbiotic germination in vitro, being the ½ MS medium superior to the KC and the complete MS medium for the time, germination of seeds and establishment of protocorms. However, the development of new plants did not occur in none of the three medium, indicating the necessity of the fitohormone use to induce the differentiation and organogenesis.
Estrutura populacional de isolados de Magnaporthe oryzae Couch & Kohn de arroz (Oryza sativa) no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-02-18) Gonçalves, Fábio José; Filippi, Marta Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Silva, Gisele Barata da; Lobo, Valácia Lemes da Silva; Araújo, Leila Garcês de
Rice blast is caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, an ascomycete which presents an accentuate variability, probably caused by mutation, parassexual recombination, Avr gene deletions and the movement of transposition elements (transposons and retrotransposons). This pathogen is rganized in populations composed of pathotypes with distinct virulence pattern, whose identification is based on the blast leaves reactions of national and international rice differential cultivars. The objectives of this work were to determine national and international pathotypes frequencies of M. oryzae isolates, collected from different brazilian rice producing regions; to identify the diversity index that better fits with M. oryzae population diversity; to detect the presence of some avirulence genes; and investigate the genetic variability of collected isolates using 18 microsatellite markers. National and international differential series and commercial rice cultivars were sown in trays and, 21 days after planting it were spray inoculated with a conidia suspension of M. oryzae, in greenhouse conditions. The plants were evaluated nine days after spray inoculation and notes 0 to 3 were considerate resistant (R) and 5 to 9 susceptible (S). The pathotypes were identified and the frequencies calculated. The indexes of Gleason, Shannon and Simpson were calculated over three successive years and analyzed by multiple linear regression with Factor Analysis throw means of principal components method and stepwise. For the genetic studies 494 isolates were grown in liquid culture medium, followed by mycelium filtration, frozen and lyophilized for DNA extraction, which was quantified, amplified and separated by electrophoresis. The polymorphism data, the Nei's genetic distance index and the AMOVA were calculated with Structure, Genetix and Arlequin softwares. AS results we had 523 pathotyped and the frequencies were IF 1 and BA 1 (18% and 12%) in Goiás; IA 45 and BI 1 (32% and 13%) in Mato Grosso do Sul; BD 16 (33%) in Mato Grosso; IA 45 1 and BF (20% and 11%) in Santa Catarina; IA 1 and BA 105 (33% and 22%) in Rio Grande do Sul; IA 1 and BA 126 (14% and 11%) in Tocantins; IE 1 (45%) and BC8, BD16 and BI 1( 25% each) in Para; IF 1 and 8 (52% and BC 40%) in Rondônia; IC 1 and IG 1(18% each) and BI 1 in Minas Gerais; According to Nei’s index the closest international group were C and D (0.080) and the most distant were groups A and F (0.477), among the national groups, the closest were (C) and (D) (0.014) and the most distance F and H (0.429). Based on the regressions results, Gleason index should be represented by R and E factors, and Shannon by factors N and R. Among the isolates which were compatible to cv. CO-39 (S) 86.7% were incompatible (R) to isolineas C 101 LAC (Pi-1/Avr-1), 81.5% to C 101 PKT (Pi-4a/Avr-4a) and (66.7%) C 101 A51 (Pi-2-Avr-2), for samples from both irrigated and upland conditions. The best grouping value for 494 isolates was K = 19. According to AMOVA analyses the variability among subpopulations was 62.87% and 37.13% within subpopulations. Among the 18 locos studied 16 were polymorphic, the markers Pyrms 077b-078 e Pyrms 319-320 were the best ones for detecting differences among the subpopulations with 80.50% and 80.34% of variation, respectively. The markers Pyrms099b-100b, Pyrms037-038 and Pyrms 409-410 were the best one for detecting differences within subpopulations with 70.16%, 67.06% and 63.98% of variation, respectively. The value of genetic differentiation of populations (FST) was 0, 62868 (p < 0.001) calculated by 10,000 random permutations. According to the Nei's Index, subpopulations 8 and 4 are the ones most distance (1,822) and subpopulations 15 and 19 are the closest (0.119). We concluded that, in Brazil the highest frequency were 45-IA and BA-1 pathotypes and, that the molecular markers used in this work were efficient to detect population structure organizing the 494 representative isolates of rice producing regions in 19 subpopulations, according to the cultivar’s origin of the isolate with a strong environment interaction
Atributos físicos e hídricos do solo em ambientes de produção de cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-12-02) Gravina, Otavio Silveira; Correchel, Vladia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4781536691286837; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4590604606790400; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; Correchel, Vladia; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Severiano, Eduardo da Costa; Flores, Rilner Alves
According to data from 2019/2020 of the Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB), the State of Goiás occupies the second national position in relation to the total cultivated area (11.2%), sugarcane production (11.7%) and total ethanol production (15.4%) in the Brazilian sugar-energy sector, in addition to the fourth position in sugar production (6.0%). Despite relevant economic data, there are scientific articles that relate the intensive mechanization of sugarcane to the worsening of the physical and hydric quality of the soil, in contrast to others that indicate fertigation with vinasse as a mitigation of this degradation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of an Ferralsol under cultivation of sugarcane in fertigated areas in the Midwest region of Brazil. Physical and hydric attributes were evaluated in different soil layers (0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3 and 0.4-0.5 m) and crop cycles (first, third, fifth, seventh and twelfth cut) of fertigated sugarcane, in addition to a reference area with native vegetation. The physical and hydric attributes of the soil are affected by the cycle and fertigation of the culture and cultivation of sugarcane. The soil of the third cycle shows greater deterioration of physical attributes and less aggregation. The area of the fifth sugarcane cultivation cycle has better hydric attributes. The addition of vinasse throughout the cycles of sugarcane cultivation via fertigation leads to an improvement in physical attributes and aggregation, however, from the fifth cycle on, it does not attenuate the deterioration of the hydric quality of the soil.
Biomassa da vegetação arbórea, rasteira e necromassa em formações florestais e savânica em Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-11-25) Guimarães, Luanna Elis; Roitman, Iris; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8115368468980850; Venturoli, Fábio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3977914284672829; Freitas, Joberto Veloso; Miranda, Sabrina do Couto de; Venturoli, Fábio; Shimbo, Julia Zanin; Roitman, Iris
The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil. It plays an important role in carbon balance and has already lost half of its original vegetation. However, uncertainties about its vegetation-biomass stocks are high. The present study aims to contribute to reduce such uncertainties regarding the distribution of tree biomass and different vegetation compartments in the biome. The objectives were to a) perform systematic review on the aboveground biomass estimates in the Cerrado and in savanna-vegetation strips outside the biome; b) estimate tree aboveground biomass, by the indirect method, in four phytophysiognomies in Niquelândia, Goiás: wooded savanna (Sa), forested savanna (Sd), semideciduous seasonal forest (Fa) and montane deciduous forest (Cm); c) estimate the dry biomass, by the direct method, and develop biomass expansion factors for the following compartments: undergrowth, natural regeneration, herbaceous, woody necromass, and litter. It was expected that the distribution of biomass between compartments would be different in Sa compared to other formations, with a higher proportion of undergrowth and herbaceous compartiments. The study was carried out at the Legados Verdes do Cerrado Reserve in Niquelândia, Goiás. Signs of disturbance were observed in Sa, Sd and Fa. Tree sampling consisted of 20 plots of 100 m² in each phytophysiognomy and included trees with a base diameter (taken at 0.30 cm from the ground) ≥ 5 cm for Sa and diameter at breast height > 5 cm for the other formations. Tree biomass was estimated with pre-selected allometric equations applied to height and diameter data. In each plot, biomass samples were collected from the following compartments in five sub-plots of 1 m2: natural regeneration, undergrowth, woody necromass and litter. For herbaceous samples were collected in a subplot with dimensions 0.4 x 0.6 m. Fresh biomass recorded in the field and a representative sample was taken to determine its dry mass in the laboratory. The difference in biomass distribution between phytophysiognomies was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p <0.05). In the review, 65 publications were found, in 415 locations, most of them in Tocantins and Minas Gerais, for the Sa phytophysiognomy and covered the tree component. The largest study gaps are concentrated in the north, northeast and southwest of the biome and in Sd formations and seasonal deciduous forests. Total aboveground biomass density (Mg ha-1) followed the decreasing order of 118.84 (Cm), 81.52 (Fa), 40.48 (Sd), and 19.09 (Sa). Although in Sa the amount and proportion of biomass in the sub-shrub compartment (herbaceous and undergrowth) was numerically greater than in forest formations, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in biomass distributions between phytophysiognomies. In general, the expansion factors produced in this study are lower than the ones found in the literature. We recommend the use of the biomass expansion factors produced in this study for vegetations with similar physiographic and environmental conditions, tree structure and disturbance regime.
Variabilidade genética e resistência de fungicidas em populações de Corynespora cassiicola provenientes de soja
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-12-11) Jesus, Jéssica Maria Israel de; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Lima, Milton Luiz da Paz
The fungus Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Wei belongs to the phylum Ascomycota and has been reported as a pathogen in more than 402 plant species. Among the hosts of C. cassiicola is the soybean of which is the causal agent of the target spot and root rot of Corynespora. The intensive use of fungicides to control diseases in soybean (mainly Asian rust) impacts populations of pathogens, and monitoring is necessary to detect the emergence of isolates resistant to the main fungicides. The efficient control of diseases depends on several factors, among them the correct identification and the knowledge about the genetic variability of the phytopathogen. The objective of this study was to: i) identify the isolates using molecular techniques and evaluate the genetic diversity of 203 C. cassiicola isolates obtained from soybean plants using molecular markers ISSR; ii) to determine the EC50 and EC98 of seven fungicides used in the control of Asian rust against "wild" isolates of C. cassiicola; iii) to evaluate (from EC50 and EC98) the sensitivity of C. cassiicola isolates collected from areas where systematic applications of fungicides for the control of Asian rust have been carried out; iv) to study the possible differences between C. cassiicola isolates from leaves and roots of soybean through the morphological and molecular characterization, genetic variability from ISSR molecular markers and cross pathogenicity between both groups of isolates; v) determine the EC50 and EC98 for the isolates from leaves and roots of soybean. All 203 leaf isolates with symptoms of target spot were identified as C. cassiicola. The genetic diversity of C. cassiicola was analyzed with nine ISSR primers, with 100% polymorphism. The Mantel test showed a positive correlation (r = 0.91) between the geographic distance and the genetic distance. Through AMOVA, it was possible to observe a medium structure for the state and high for the municipality of origin, suggesting gene flow among the populations of C. cassiicola from soybean crops. For the determination of the EC's 50 and 98, there was variation in sensitivity among the "wild" isolates of C. cassiicola, indicating an existing variability in this fungal species. The pathogen showed variability in sensitivity to the fungicidal groups triazoles (DMI) and strobilurins (QoI), which shows a high risk of selection for resistance. In the studies related to the differentiation between isolates from leaves and soybean root (target spot and Corynespora root rot), it was possible to observe great differentiation between both groups of isolates. In the molecular characterization there was a difference between the results of the primers specific for C. cassiicola (CCF-1 / CCR-1 and GA4F / GA4R) and also in the sequencing for the two genes (ITS and β-tubulin). The genetic diversity with ISSR primers obtained a percentage of polymorphism of 97.2%. The genetic dissimilarity values, calculated according to the complement of Dice index ranged from 0 to 0.797, reflecting a high genetic variability among the groups of C. cassiicola isolates. Through AMOVA, it was possible to observe a high structure between the two groups of isolates, referring to the plant tissue from which they come (root and leaf). The cross-pathogenicity test demonstrated the ability of the two groups of isolates to infect both plant tissues (leaf and root), but presenting differences in the speed and intensity of symptoms. In the evaluation of the sensitivity of the isolates to fungicides, it was possible to observe that the root sensitivity to fungicides, and the EC50 and EC98 doses estimated for this group were also lower than those determined for leaf isolates. From the results obtained in this study, it is possible to say that the two groups of isolates from soybean (leaf and root) do not belong to the same fungal species.
Caracterização das regiões produtoras de feijão-comum baseada no risco climático
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-28) Justino, Ludmilla Ferreira; Matta, David Henriques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0274497958438413; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luis Fernando; Battisti, Rafael; Cuadra, Santiago Vianna; Alves Júnior, José
The aim of this study was to define the climatic risks of yield loss in common bean and identify and classify the regions producing this grain in Brazil, through computer simulation, functional data analysis and machine learning tools. Simulations were carried out with the CSM-CROPGRO-Dry Bean model for different municipalities, sowing dates and growing seasons (wet, dry and winter). To define the yield loss, the loss curves were calculated by season, year and municipality, based on simulated yield. Subsequently, the curves were grouped using functional K-means and a functional average loss curve was established to explain the behavior of each group of municipalities. To identify and classify homogeneous common bean production regions, K-means and decision tree machine learning techniques were used to, respectively, group homogeneous environments based on simulated yield and associate environmental covariates with homogeneous environments. In general, during the wet season, the delay in sowing contributed to the increase in common bean yield. At later dates (between 10/dec and 30/dec) yield loss of less than 20% were observed. During the dry season, the delay in sowing caused a reduction in yield, mainly in the Central-West and Southeast regions, with the loss exceeding 70% (10/mar). At these seasons, water stress was the main factor in yield losses. In winter, yield varied less markedly between sowing dates. The use of irrigation at this time provides smaller loss in yield (< 20%), although air temperature is a limiting factor for the expansion of common bean cultivation.
Respostas da cultura do tomate para processamento industrial a fatores ambientais e irrigação
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-16) Knapp, Fábio Miguel; Battisti, Rafael; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9350992609794419; Alves Júnior, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior, José; Battisti, Rafael; Casaroli, Derblai; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Bezerra, Ricardo de Souza
The tomato crop for industry is strongly conditioned by environmental conditions. In this way, this work aimed to determine the meteorological variable with the greatest influence and contribution to growth and the thermal sum accumulated in each stage of development of different hybrids, in addition to evaluating the responses of tomato plants in two irrigation systems: central pivot sprinkler and located by subsurface drip. For this, experiments were set up in Abadia de Goiás, Hidrolândia, Itaberaí, Palmeiras de Goiás, Piracanjuba and Silvânia during the 2020 harvest, fortnightly collections of plants were carried out for biometric measurement of number of leaves, leaf area, number of branches, number of fruit and plant height, as well as the collection of meteorological variables from each location with the aid of an automatic meteorological station, to determine the variable with the greatest interference in the growth and development of the crop, canonical correlation and multivariate Stepwise regression were used, in addition to separation of averages by Scott-knott. The main variable that affected crop growth was water availability. The water supply was responsible for 86.2% of the plant height and 79.6% of the leaf area index. On the other hand, the average air temperature, solar radiation and accumulated thermal sum showed little influence on crop growth. The industrial tomato responded to the accumulated degree days, with the average degree days accumulated in the first and second seasons of 1,394 and 1,364 degree days, respectively, and its average cycle of 124 and 116 days from transplanting to maturation. The irrigation systems did not show savings in the amount of water used in the crop during the cycle, but the subsurface drip irrigation system provided a shorter period of leaf wetness, improving plant health, delaying senescence and leaf abscission and providing greater productivity and increase in water use efficiency in this system.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja em função do pré- resfriamento e do ambiente de armazenamento
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-07-31) Luccas, Anna Carla Souza; Teles, Héria de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4548663186018202; Gomes Júnior, Francisco Guilhien; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1732185280928288; Seleguini, Alexsander; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4677527012573000; Seleguini, Alexsander; Teles, Héria de Freitas; Cunha, Patrícia Pinheiro da; Brasil, Edward Madureira
The main challenge of storing soybeans for a certain period of time is to conserve the most of its initial physiological feature. The storage for long periods without temperature and humidity control undermines germination and vigor due to the elevated process of deterioration. Therefore, alternatives for proper storage of high physiological potential seeds are being pursued. In this sense, with the appearance of seed cooling technologies before bagging and during storage, the objective of this study was to investigate the possible reactions of the seeds after dynamic artificial cooling (before bagging), which were stored both at room temperature and under controlled temperature to assess the seeds conditions. Four lots of the cultivar NA 7337 RR with sieves of 5.5 mm and 6.5 mm, cooled to 12°C and 13°C by dynamic process before bagging were used. Seed samples were collected after 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 days of storage in two different environments: common warehouse (without temperature control) and refrigerated warehouse (with temperature control). The seeds were submitted to evaluated parameters: germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand, germination speed index, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, weight of 1000 seeds, humidity and computerized image analysis. It was concluded that the dynamic artificial pre-cooling before bagging is important in the conservation of soybean seed quality, but it must be associated to a storage room with controlled temperature and humidity.

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