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Item Avaliação de métodos de calibração do modelo oryza para estimar produtividade do arroz irrigado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-29) Castro, João Rodrigo de; Cuadra, Santiago Vianna; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6681955405635283; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Venturoli, Fábio; Battisti, Rafael; Panozzo, Luciana Barros Pinto; Marques, Júlio Renato QuevedoBrazil is one of the largest world producers of rice, being the largest production outside of Asian continent. Seventy percent of this production is concentrated in the southern states, where temperature availability and solar radiation are ideal. However, production concentrated in only one region is a matter of concern from the perspective of food security. Therefore, identifying and understanding the yield gaps outside of subtropical region becomes an important task. Crop model simulation is a tool that allows this assessment. In order to propose calibration processes for the ORYZA irrigated rice crop model, the dynamic of photoassimilated allocation were adjusted considering two environments: subtropical and tropical. Experimental data from five trials located at Subtropical (Cachoeirinha / RS) and Tropical (Goianira / GO) environments, for both cultivars, BRS Catiana and IRGA 424, were used. The ORYZA partition dynamic of assimilate were calibrated using information obtained in the experiments (phenological events dates and dry mass). The results obtained indicate that the use of both environments in the calibration, proposed in this study, performed better than default model calibration. The simulated yield for BRS Catiana cultivar with new partitioning parameters showed an improvement of 10% compared with the default ORYZA partitioning parameters. On the other hand, ORYZA model failed to describe satisfactorily the dynamics of mass allocation for leaves, due to the delay in leaf emission, suggesting that it could be related to photoperiodism.Item Desempenho inicial dos componentes do sistema silvipastoril em um neossolo quartzarênico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-21) Duarte, Tiago Camilo; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Flores, Rilner Alves; Calil, Francine Neves; Cruz, Simério Carlos Silva; Silva, Thiago Carvalho daThe Neossolos Quartzarênicos are the main class of sandy soils in Brazil, considered of low agricultural aptitude for presenting low natural fertility, CTC and soil organic matter and vulnerability to degradation. The use of silvopastoral systems (SPSs), which are characterized as a type of agroforestry system and can be understood as the process of afforestation of pastures, are indicated for the adequate management of these soils. The Acacia mangium is a tree legume of multiple use, with great potential to compose these productive systems, for presenting fast initial growth and fixing nitrogen to the soil. Studies of arrangements and species in SPS seek to identify the synergistic effects between the components, for greater diversification of production activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of a Neossolo Quartzarênico, as well as the productive potential of the component species in the implementation phase of a silvopastoral system with Acacia mangium Willd. in different arrangements and a monoculture of forages, in the Midwest of Goiás. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Cachoeira de Goiás–GO, on the São Miguel farm, in a Neossolo Quartzarênico. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized, with plots subdivided in space, with four replications. The plots corresponded to four spatial arrangements: three SPS arrangements with acácia (10×4, 15×4 and 20×4 m) and a monoculture of grasses. The subplots (area of 960 m2) were composed of three grass cultivars: Braúna, Marandu and Massai. The treatments were implemented in december 2016. The chemical attributes of the soil were determined up to the 0.4 m layer, at 10 and 20 months after the treatments were implemented. To determine dry matter productivity, morphological and bromatological composition of forages, cuts were made at 20 cm above the soil surface. Evaluations of tree growth in diameter and height were made up to three years of age. The data were subjected to analysis of variance at 5 and 1% probability by the F test and when significant, the means were compared by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). After two years of implantation, the silvopastoral arrangements have a predisposition for acidification of the soil and greater demand for potassium in relation to the monoculture of forages, with no significant applicable changes in the other chemical attributes. The yields of the forage component are similar between spatial arrangements, with the Massai cultivar showing greater productive potential and low nutritional value. The Acacia mangium shows satisfactory initial growth in silvopastoral system in sandy soil, with emphasis on the 10×4 and 15×4 meter arrangements, showing itself as a species suitable for integrated systems.Item Atributos do solo em áreas sob cultivo sucessivo de arroz de terras altas em semeadura direta: efeitos sobre a produtividade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-08-13) França, Sinnara Gomes de Godoy; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6292879655540619; Stone, Luis Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0233514913817700; Stone, Luis Fernando; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Ramos, Maria Lucrécia Generosa; Lacerda, Mábio ChrisleyUpland rice cultivation under no-tillage has shown low productivity when compared to conventional tillage, requiring further technological adjustments. This study aimed to identify which attributes of an Oxisol of the Cerrado are most affected by successive rice crops under no-tillage and which is the set of these attributes that correlates to rice yield, in order to establish the most suitable soil conditions for this crop. In February 2011, in areas cropped with upland rice under no-tillage system by one, two and three years, respectively, at Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, rice grain yield was determined and soil samples were taken from soil layer of 0.00 - 0.10 m of an Acric Red Latosol to determine soil physical, chemical and biological attributes. Multivariate analysis techniques were applied on data obtained and it showed that rice crops cause changes in all soil attributes compared to the forest, with the exception of K and Cu contents, metabolic and microbial (qMIC) quotients and microbial biomass N: total N relationship (MBN:N). These attributes and Mn content are responsible for discriminating the areas under successive rice crops. The physical attributes are very similar among areas. Cu and Mn contents are higher in the area with one year of rice cultivation, as well as qMIC and MBN: N. The metabolic quotient increases with the years of rice cultivation, which indicates an increase in stress or disorder condition in the soil microbiota. Rice grain yield is positively correlated with total nitrogen, copper, iron, manganese, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents, total enzymatic and acid phosphatase activities, microbial quotient and MBN:N relationship, and negatively correlated with microporosity and metabolic quotient. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the soil attributes that together better explain the grain yield were copper, iron and microbial biomass nitrogen contents and acid phosphatase activity.Item Propriedades fisiológicas e físico-químicas durante armazenamento de soja e milho com diferentes tecnologias de semente(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-19) Prado, Priscylla Martins Carrijo; Santos, Marivone Moreira dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/53768629323515; Caliari, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253; Santos, Marivone Moreira dos; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; Ribeiro, Alline Emannuele ChavesSoy and corn, as they are of great importance in the Brazilian economy, are genetically improved (transgenic) in order to facilitate crop management and provide greater yields for the producer. However, post-harvest information on these technologies is still scarce, since transgenic seeds have been showing a significant decrease in their quality during storage, compared to conventional cultivars. Based on this information, the objective of this research was to evaluate changes in the physiological and physical chemical properties of soybean and corn seeds during storage under controlled conditions (temperature of 12 ° C ± 2 and relative humidity of 70% ± 5) and without control (environmental conditions). Periodic analyzes of germination, tetrazolium, electrical conductivity, humidity, ash, lipids, protein, pH, acidity, water and color activity were carried out during 360 days. The storage time and condition caused changes in most of the physicochemical characteristics and in all the physiological properties evaluated of the soybean seeds of cultivars NS 7780 IPRO, BRS 284, Desafio RR and corn of cultivars 30S31, 30S31 VYHR and AG 5055 PRO. The environmental conditions in which the seeds were submitted preserved the germination of the soybean cultivar NS 7780 IPRO and of the corn cultivars 30S31 VYHR and AG 5055 PRO for only 90 days; BRS 284 and Desafio RR cultivars for 180 days; and the conventional corn cultivar (30S31) was not affected during the 360 days of storage. Under controlled conditions, the physiological properties of the soybean cultivar NS 7780 IPRO, the viability and germination of the soybean cultivar Desafio RR and the corn cultivars 30S31 and AG 5055 PRO were maintained throughout storage. But the viability of the seeds of the soybean cultivars BRS 284 and corn AG 5055 PRO and the vigor of the soybean cultivar Desafio RR were preserved for 180 days, the germination of the seeds of the corn cultivar 30S31 VYHR was maintained for 270 days; while the other physiological properties remained below that required for commercialization since 90 days.Item Influência da temperatura do ar e da umidade do solo na eficácia de aplicações foliares de inseticidas para o controle de Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em soja(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-25) Santilli, Caio Chinelatto; Quintela, Eliane Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7426637066408803; Quintela, Eliane Dias; Barrigossi, José Alexandre Freitas; Czepak, CeciliaThe ubitiquous Bemisia tacaci biótipo B, causes economical losses to many crops. The development of this pest is favored in hot climates and in seasons of low rainfall and high temperatures. These abiotic factors cause plant stress, change their metabolism and can effect the insecticides efficacy for its control. This study aims to verify the air temperature (10, 15, 17, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 35 and 36 °C) and soil moisture (13, 19, 25, 38 e 50% of field capacity) effects on the efficacy of sintetic insecticides for the control of nymphs and adults of whitefly in soybeans. Active ingredients in simple formulation or in mixture (with new mode of action) were tested: cyantraniliprole (100 g a.i./L), pyriproxyfen + acetamiprid (100+200 g a.i./L), pyriproxyfen (100 g a.i./L), abamectin (18 g.a.i./L) e cyantraniliprole + abamectin (60+18 g a.i./L). Mortalities of adults by the insecticides were higher at 35-36°C in comparison to 15, 20, 23, 25 and 28-30°C. The LT50 was lower for the insecticides at 35-36°C compared to the other temperatures, varying from 12.8 (35±0.3 ºC) to 53.6 (10±0.8 ºC) hours. In general, some insecticides killed more adults and nymphs at the lowest soil moisture (25%) and it was not observed soil moisture effect for the other Insecticides. At 13 and 19% soil moistures, the plants dried up and it was not possible to evaluate the effect of soil moisture on insecticides efficacy. The LT50´s ranged from 1.9 to 3.3 (25%) and 2.1 to 2.7 (50%) and for nymphs ranged from 3.3 to 6.9 (25%) and 2.1 to 2.7 (50%) days. Therefore, high temperatures and water stress enhanced insecticide efficacy to whitefly. It can be concluded that high temperatures and periods of water plant restrictions do not affect insecticides efficacy against whitefly. But temperatures under ≤ 20 °C may diminish the insecticides efficacy and increase the median lethal time to kill whitefly adults.Item Caracterização físico-química de frutos e determinação de óleos essenciais da casca de trinta variedades de laranjas doces(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-03) Santos, Fernanda Rodrigues dos; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; Flores, Rilner Alves; Vera, Rosângela; Vieira, Muza do Carmo; Morgado, Cristiane Maria AscariThe national sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] is known internationally due to its concentrated juice being the main product, exported to several countries, including the whole of Europe, being an important Brazilian agricultural commodity. Brazilian orchards have a low diversity of varieties in the orchard, as they are concentrated in only four varieties, of the more than six hundred available in the germplasm banks of different research institutions. Characterizing varieties is important for the insertion of new cultivars in the market and identifying materials more adapted to the climatic conditions of each region, and new materials with other skills to be explored, for table, industry, oil, among others. After pressing the fruit in the orange juice processing industries, the essential oil is obtained, being a by-product highly valued due to its antioxidant properties, among other diverse uses. Due to the high processing of the fruit, orange varieties may have aptitude for fresh consumption, fruit processing, or double aptitude; the yield and compounds present in the essential oil may differ between varieties. The objective of this work was to carry out the physical-chemical characterization of the fruits and to evaluate the essential oil content of thirty varieties of orange, collected at the Emater Research Station, in the city of Anápolis, in the 2017 and 2018 harvests. The fruits were evaluated in the Physics-Chemistry Laboratory of Food Engineering at the School of Agronomy of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and in the Laboratory of Research in Natural Products of the Faculty of Pharmacy (UFG). The samples were subjected to a completely randomized design, the results analyzed in Analysis of Variance, the means compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability and the average of the two years of evaluation were submitted to the Principal Component Analysis and the Cluster Analysis Hierarchical. The fruits showed a yellowish to orange color, 18 varieties are round to oblong, 13 are large, and Hamlim 02, Pera DP 12 and Pera 21 produce small fruits according to the Brazilian Horticulture Modernization Program. The oil yield varied between 0.23% (Bahia Baianinha) to 5.57% (Valencia IAC). Among the various characteristics evaluated, it was possible to determine that the varieties have characteristics accepted by the processing industry, except Lima Score, which has low acidity and high Ratio. Salustiana, Pearson Brown, Hamlin 20, Toregosa and Pera DP 06 can be used in the production of pasteurized juice. Natal 112, Natal IAC, Pera 2000, Pera DP 21, Pera DP 25, Pera IAC, Valencia IAC and Valencia Monte Morelos, may have double aptitude. Limonene, mircene, alpha-pinene and sabinene were the compounds found in the oil, remaining even after the process of dehydration of the peel and oil extraction. Volatile compounds can be lost after drying or after the oil hydrodistillation process. Some varieties showed compounds not identified in their composition. The varieties have different compounds and oil yields, even when subjected to the same drying and oil extraction process.Item Atributos químicos e biológicos do solo em áreas sob diferentes sistemas de manejo no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-17) Silva, Larissa Gabriela Marinho da; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Calil, Francine Neves; Teixeira, Welldy GonçalvesAgroforestry systems have been one of the most promising options for the production of African mahogany, as they reconcile the planting of forest species with agricultural crops and / or animal husbandry, providing environmental, social and economic benefits. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the dynamics of the chemical and biological attributes of the soil in agroforestry systems with African mahogany, in comparison with soil under conditions of native vegetation in the municipality of Nazário - GO. The treatments were composed of three soil management systems: S1: African mahogany in monoculture since 2013; S2: African mahogany in an agroforestry system implanted since 2015, grown with cocktails of different species; S3: African mahogany in an agroforestry system implemented since 2013, grown with cocktails of different species. For the control treatment, the soil in the forest with native vegetation of the Cerrado (Mata) was evaluated. The chemical and biological attributes of the soils were analyzed in a randomized block design, with six replications. The results obtained indicate that the different management systems influenced the chemical attributes of the soil. The monoculture of African mahogany provided the largest accumulation of organic matter in the soil when compared to agroforestry systems and native vegetation, demonstrating its potential for the cultivation of this forest species. There were distinct changes in the biological attributes of the soil by each management system. The management systems with African mahogany in an agroforestry system implemented in 2015 (S2) and in 2013 (S3) had the highest carbon content of microbial biomass and basal soil respiration, respectively. The native forest had the highest nitrogen content in the microbial biomass. And African mahogany in a monoculture system had the highest total carbon content.Item Uso de biofertilizantes provenientes da cana energia e da cana-de-açúcar como alternativa para produção de crotalaria e soja(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-01) Sousa, Jéssika Lorrine de Oliveira; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Correchel, Vládia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4781536691286837; Correchel, Vládia; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patrício de; Zang, Warde Antonieta da FonsecaThe large generation of waste from the sugar and alcohol industry has long been cause for concern with its adequate final disposal. Due to the composition of these residues with high contents of organic matter and nutrients one of the most efficient forms of destination is the addition to the soil as a source of fertilization, providing several nutrients to the crops. Another alternative is the anaerobic biodigestion, carried out to produce energy through the biogas generated in the biodigestion, that process originates from another residue (biodigested biomass concentrate) that may also have potential use as an organic fertilizer. Knowing the lack of information and research on the effects of this nutrient source on crotalaria and soybean crops, this work aims to improve the use of agricultural residues from the sugarcane sector and in other crops, and to evaluate the effects on soil chemistry of the application of vinasse and biofertilizer originating from the biodigestion of energy cane in the crotalaria and soybean crop in canevial reforestation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the UFG. An Eutrophic RED-YELLOW LATOSOL and a randomized block design were used, four doses of the biofertilizer (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 times the recommended dose of 100 m3 ha-1) and a treatment with pure vinasse and the control, totaling 6 treatments with five replicates. The biofertilizer consisted of a blend of cane energy biodigested + vinasse in natura in different concentrations. The species used were Crotalaria juncea, as green manure, and Soy as a profitable crop, planted in 5 kg pots of soil. The applications were done every two days until the dose was completed. Crotalaria was cut at flowering, the leaves were separated for foliar nutritional analysis, the plant was weighed to determine green mass and dry mass of the aerial part and then it was placed in the vessel to supply organic matter. Samples of the initial soil and each treatment after each crop were cut, to determine macro and micronutrients. For the crotalaria, there was a positive response to the application of the biofertilizer in its development, with increase of the biomass production according to the increase of the dose, also presenting a higher leaf content of nutrients such as N, K and Zn, no symptoms of toxicity were observed with nutrients above adequate levels due to the rusticity of the species. For the soybean, there was also a significant response, reaching the optimum dose of 220 m³ ha-1, for larger values there was a drop in production. For both crops, the results of fresh vinasse resembled the lower doses of the biofertilizer and the control, without large increases of nutrients in the soil and leaf. For the soil variables, in general the biofertilizer presented efficiency in the availability of a large part of macro and micronutrients. Reduced acid values and pH increases and H + Al reduction occurred for soil in crops, in addition to a significant increase in base saturation and potassium (K), the most abundant nutrient in the residue used in the study.