Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária por Por Orientador "ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo"

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    Tratamento de esgoto sanitário em sistemas alagados construídos utilizando Typha angustifolia e Phragmites australis
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-28) ABRANTES, Lorena Lemes Martins; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845
    This study aimed to assess the efficiency of two vegetal species in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in constructed wetlands system. Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the species Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed), in their possible combinations, in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in a constructed wetlands system, of vertical subsuperficial flux, with two flux directions (ascendant and descendant), related to the attributes: organic material, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, solids and thermotolerant coliforms. The experiment was conducted in the Researching Station in Sewer Treatment with Plants RSSTP (UFG), located in the Sewer Treatment Station (STS) Samambaia, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental unit has twenty four modules, grouped sequences of two modules (initial and final modules). Raw sewage which comes from the initial part of the ETE facultative pond was pumped into the deep of the treatment initial modules, filled up with substrate layers (in the deep filled up with rocks category number 3, followed by rocks category number 1, washed sand, and again rocks category number 1) and planted with cattail or reed. After going up by the vegetated substrate (ascendant vertical flux) the sewer was drained and conducted to the final treatment modules equally filled up and vegetated with one of the species, although being applied in the surface and drained by the deep (vertical descendant flux). The tax of sewer application was of 80 L.m-2dia-1, corresponding to a treatment area of 2 m2 per inhabitant. A year after the system implementation, during the period of 6 months, sewer samples were collected after passing through the flux sequences, each one with the combination of the two vegetal species, for the evaluation of the sewer attributes and calculation of the efficiency in the treatment. The results were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS program), being used the tests F and the Tukey Kramer, considering 5% of probability. There were no meaningful differences in the efficiency of the treatments in the removal of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorides, hardness, dissolved total solids and volatile total solids. The cattail was more efficient in the apparent color removal and turbidity. The reed presented more efficiency in the total solids removal. The position of the plant in the module sequence did not influence the apparent color and turbidity removals. The reed in the final module increased the removal of the attributes total solids and fixed total solids. It´s possible to verify that the technology of sewer treatment by using plants is efficient, since the species cattail and reed in the adopted system, provided results with removals higher 60% for the of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms and turbidity.
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    Eficiência do leito de macrófitas na remoção de ovos de helmintos e coliformes termotolerantes e no desaguamento de lodo de esgoto sanitário
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) BUFÁIÇAL, Daniela de Souza Silva; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845
    This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a constructed wetlands planted with the vegetal species white ginger (Hedychium coronarium J. König), narrow leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) and papyrus sedge (Cyperus gigantus) under three charges application of the sludge from the sewage treatment station of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, in the reduction of thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminths eggs and sludge dewatering. It also aimed to characterize the sludge and to evaluate the quality of the filtrate, and to investigate the occurrence of substances excreted by the macrophytes roots, which may help reduce pathogens. The experiment was conducted at the Goiânia sewage treatment station. To evaluate the reduction of pathogens, the sludge dewatering and the filtrate quality were used 12 plastic containers, each one with 1 m3 of volumetric capacity, filled with support media containing 5 cm of gravel number one, a geotextile blanket and 20 cm of sand. In the gravel was installed a drainage system of gases, consisting of a PVC tube with 25 mm in diameter, in an "L" format, whose horizontal portion was drilled with holes of 4 mm in diameter. The sludge was applied at application rates of 43, 140 and 248 kg TS m-2 year, bringing the rates of 20, 70 and 120 L m-2 week, respectively. The applications of sludge were divided into two times a week, half on Tuesdays and half on Fridays. After three months of application, samples were taken from the dewatered sludge every 14 days, and sent to the laboratory for solids, thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminths eggs determination. During three weeks the filtrate was collected in each container and submitted to analysis of solids and thermotolerant coliforms. To investigate the release of toxins by macrophytes roots were used four 20 L buckets containing sand as support medium. Three buckets were planted with the species of macrophytes and one wasn t planted. The buckets were irrigated with dechlorinated water for four months, keeping the water level inside the buckets at 5 cm from the substrate surface. After this period 2 L samples of effluent from each bucket were collected and sent to the laboratory to investigate the antimicrobial activity. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), performing F and Tukey Kramer (5% probability) tests. About the filtrate there was no significant difference in the removal of solids and thermotolerant coliforms in the rates of 70 L m-2 week and 120 L m-2 week. At the rate of 20 L m-2 week there was no filtrated material. For the dewatered sludge there was no significant difference in the removal of thermotolerant coliforms, viable helminths eggs and solids concentration among the treatments. The total solids were lower at the application rate of 120 L m-2 week. Plant development was hampered by sludge application and at the application rate of 120 L m-2 week, the species narrow leaf cattail and papyrus sedge had died after three months of sludge aplication. The extracts found at the water in contact with the macrophytes roots didn t inhibit microbial activity. The dewatered sludge treated by the constructed wetlands attended the 375 Conama Resolution for type A sludge for viable helminthes eggs and for type B sludge for thermotolerant coliforms
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    Disposição de efluente de tratamento de esgoto industrial em solo vegetado com bambu
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) MENDONÇA, Eurivan Alves; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845
    This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth, Guadua chacoensis and Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro in the treatment of the Senador Canedo Industrial District Sewer Treatment effluent. It was analyzed diary effluent slides of 176.8, 212.2, 247.6 and 353.7 mm applied in individual 200 L drums filled with regional soil (oxisoil) and vegetated with bamboo. Drums without plants served as control. The effluent treated by the containers was analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), apparent color, pH, ammonium nitrogen, phosphates, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, total solids, dissolved total solids, volatile total solids, fixed total solids and coliforms, during a five month period. The results were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System Program (SAS) through F test and Tukey-Kramer test (5% of probability). Treatment using bamboo were more efficient than control in removing BOD, COD, pH, dissolved oxygen, apparent color, total solids, fixed solids, coliforms, chlorides, turbidity, electrical conductivity, phosphates and ammonium nitrogen. Among vegetated drums, bamboos of Guadua gender were more efficient in removing BOD, COD, coliforms and volatile solids than units with D. giganteus. Application rates had no significant influence on treatment efficiencies. It was also evaluated the bamboo species under field conditions, submitted to a diary effluent slide of 353.7 mm for a period of one year. Samples of groundwater were collected to verify some resultant contamination from the effluent application. It wasn t observed groundwater contamination by applying effluent at soil vegetated with bamboo.
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    Tratamento de esgoto sanitário pelo sistema zona de raízes utilizando plantas de bambu
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-31) QUEGE, Karina Eliane; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845
    This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of three species of bamboo (Guadua angustifolia, Phyllostachys aurea and Phyllostachys bambusoides) in the sanitary sewage treatment, with a vertically downward sub-surface flow root zone system, in Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Sewage from a university was applied to asbestos cement water tanks with 1,000 liters volume capacity, filled with oxisol above a 0,26 m drainage layer of gravel # 3. Bamboo seedlings were planted in nine beds and three beds remained without plants (controls). The wastewater was captured at the initial part of a facultative pond and applied to the surface of the treatment beds, three times a day, using a timer controlled pump. It was used a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.3 days for 150 days and a HRT of 5.2 days for 360 days. Within the treatment beds, the wastewater was maintained two inches below the substrate surface. For a period of twelve months sewage samples were collected before and after passing through each treatment bed. The samples were submitted to laboratory testing for determination of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, phosphates, fecal coliforms and hydrogenic potential. The evapotranspiration rate of each treatment was measured, their efficiencies in removing the sewage pollutant load were calculated and the behavior of plants in treatment beds were observed. The results were submitted to F and Tukey (5% of probability) tests. Bamboo plants of G. angustifolia and P. bambusoides species developed normally, while the plants of the specie P. aurea had developmental delay because of the sewage application. In general, the specie G. angustifolia showed greater efficiency in removing the pollution load of all attributes. Effluent attended the Brazilian legislate for disposal in to receiving bodies. There was a higher removal of BOD and phosphate to the HRT of 5.2 days. The HRT of 2.3 days was better on removing ammonia nitrogen, while the removal of COD and fecal coliforms were not affected by different HRTs.
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    HIGIENIZAÇÃO DE LODO ANAERÓBIO DE ESGOTO POR MEIO ALCALINO ESTUDO DE CASO DA ETE LAGES APARECIDA DE GOIÂNIA - GO
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-25) ROCHA, Ana Lúcia Colares Lopes; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of the alkaline treatment of sanitary sewage sludge produced in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) of the Lages Sewage Treatment Plant, located in Aparecida de Goiânia, GO, Brazil and operated by Saneamento de Goiás, S.A. Saneago. The sludge, which was dewatered into drying beds until a mean moisture of 47.55%, was mixed in a cement mixer with hydrated lime and quicklime in two experiments. The limes were mixed with sewage sludge and four treatments were established, one of them without lime and the others with concentrations of, 12.6%, 21% and 29.4% for each experiment, with three repetitions. Samples of the treated sludge in each treatment were collected 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after mixing. Thermotolerant coliforms, total helminth eggs, viable helminth eggs, volatile solids, total solids (TS), pH and moisture were evaluated. All treatments in the two experiments met the condition of reduction in vector attractiveness cited in appendix one of Conama resolution no.375 except the hydrated lime treatment, whose lime dosage was 12.6%. Although growth of thermotolerant coliforms occurred in association with the drop in pH in some treatments during the storage period, in all the results of both experiments the values were below the limit established in Conama resolution no.375 for type A sludge: 1,000 NMP.g.MS-1. Among the species of viable helminth eggs identified, Ascaris sp. was predominated. All the treatments with quicklime reached concentrations of viable helminth eggs below 0.25 egg.g.MS-1, the limit for type A sludge, immediately after mixing, except for the treatment with 12.6% of quicklime. For the hydrated lime treatments, this condition was met within 15 days except for the treatment whose lime dosage was 12.6%. Both, hydrated lime and quicklime, were efficient in meeting the requirements of Conama resolution no.375 for type A sludges in regard to the parameters for thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminth eggs. In terms of dosages applied and storage time, the quicklime treatments stood out because of their greater potential for raising and maintaining pH and because of their greater efficiency in removing thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminth eggs