Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária por Por Orientador "Almeida, Rogério de Araújo"

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    Eficiência de solo vegetado com bambu barriga de Buda (Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa), família Poaceae, na remoção do hormônio 17α-etinilestradiol de um efluente sanitário
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-21) Barrero, Lullyane de Queiroz Rodrigues; Godoi, Emiliano Lôbo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8611506009093617; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Kopp, Kátia Alcione; Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Ucker, Fernando Ernesto; Hoffmann, Nora Katia Saavedra del Aguila
    The endocrine disrupting compound 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), present in female contraceptives, after consumption, is eliminated by urine and goes into the sewer system. Conventional sewage treatment methods cannot properly remove such chemical which is then carried into the receiving bodies, where they are capable of mimicking, antagonizing or negatively altering steroids levels of various aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usage potential of soil covered with Buddhas's Belly bamboo (Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa) in removing EE2 from sewage. For this, 760 mL of sanitary sewage containing 2 mg EE2/L; 2.5 mg EE2/L; 3 mg EE2/L and 3.5 mg EE2/L, were applied in 10L plastic pots, with grown Buddha's Belly bamboo plants. The drained fluid from each pot was collected, measured and subjected to EE2 concentration analysis. The efficiency of EE2 load (concentration times volume) removal was calculated and the treatments were compared. The efficiency of EE2 removal was 80.22%; 87.44%; 89.65% and 95.33% respectively for sewage with EE2 concentrations of 2 mg/L; 2.5 mg/L; 3 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L. The efficiency of EE2 removal by soil covered with bamboo increased as the concentration of hormone increased.
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    Desempenho de um sistema de alagado construído, plantado com capim vetiver (chrysopogon zizanioides (l.) roberty), na remoção de metais e de p, s e se de resíduos de fossa
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-06-17) Cardoso Filho, Delcir Magalhães; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Gil, Eric de Souza; Pasqualetto, Antônio
    The pits and septic tanks wastes have high organic load, pathogens, metals and other elements, requiring appropriate treatment for not pollute the environment. Among the alternatives for their treatment, it has recently been proposed to use constructed wetlands. However, information on such use is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of a constructed wetlands system using the Vetiver grass plant species (Chrysopogon zizanioides), on removing metals, P, S and Se from cesspools residues. Two tanks were constructed, dug into the ground (planted tank and control) and filled with a substrate consisting of gravel # 0, gravel # 1 and medium sand. The system built has operated under batch, with Hydraulic Retention Time of six days and subsurface vertical downward flow. Through obtained concentrations of different inorganic elements on: the applied cesspools residues; the treated effluent; the sludge accumulated at tanks surface and; the vegetal tissues, they were calculated: the total loads influent to the system; the output loads; the efficiency in removing attributes; the load accumulated at tanks surface; the load absorbed by macrophytes and; the loads retained in the roots and by the substrate. The attributes removal efficiency was calculated considering the evapotranspiration that showed an average rate of 40.27% in the Vetiver tank. The applied cesspools residues showed considerable variability in their concentrations. The concentrations of the treated effluent were subjected to Tukey test (α = 0.05). The effluents concentrations from Vetiver and control tanks statistically differed only for antimony, sulfur and iron, but the Vetiver grass showed removal efficiency greater than 20% to 30 of the 33 analyzed parameters.
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    Avaliação de diferentes substratos no tratamento de esgoto sanitário por zona de raízes
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-06-28) Pitaluga, Douglas Pereira da Silva; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; Sandri, Delvio
    The present study had the goal of assessing the efficiency and behavior of three substrates in the treatment of sanitary sewage in a root zone system. Specifically the objectives were to assess the behavior of the washed sand, gravel # 0 and gravel # 1 substrates and relate their efficacies in a root zone system with sub-superficial horizontal flow preceded by a septic tank and an anaerobic filter in the treatment of a sewage coming from one university unit. The repetitions of raw sewage constituted of five simple samples and five composed samples. The repetitions of the effluent of each stage of the treatment constituted of nineteen simple samples. All the samples were performed fortnightly and submitted to laboratorial analysis. Were assessed parameters the BOD, DO, COD, thermotolerant coliforms, pH, total phosphorus, Kjeldahl total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, oil and grease, total solids, total fixed solids and suspended solids. The experimental system of sewage treatment was set up at the Civil Engineering College, located at Campus I of the Federal University of Goiás, in the east region of the city of Goiânia – Goiás, Brazil, which constituted of a septic tank and an anaerobic filter, followed by three independent units of root zones. Each unit of the root zones received the flow of 180 L d-1, which corresponds to the area of a treatment station of 3 m2 per inhabitant. The treatment in these units occurred simultaneously. After thirty days from the beginning of the sewage application in the root zones, the collection of the samples to the analysis of the effluent and affluent quality were started. Considering the plant evapotranspiration, the results were analyzed by the tool Statistical Analysis System – SAS, performing F tests and Tukey – Kramer test with a 5% probability. The percentage efficacies of the three substrates used were similar. There hasn’t been any significant difference between the efficacies of the treatments in the removal of the attributes: COD, Kjeldahl total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, oil and grease. The treatment with washed sand substrate was more efficient in the removal of BOD and total phosphorous. The gravel # 0 was more efficient in the removal of thermotolerant coliforms, total solids and fixed total solids, and gravel # 1 was more efficient in the removal of suspended solids. After 18 months the system started working, the channel filled with washed sand colmatated.
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    Tratamento do lodo de resíduos de fossas e tanques sépticos em um sistema de alagado construído
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-11-13) Silva Junior, Édio Damásio da; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Gil, Éric de Souza; Agostini, Elizabeth
    The use of individual systems for treatment and disposal of sewage (ISTDS) comes as an option to the lack of sanitation in many Brazilian regions, mainly in small settlements. However, the wastes generated in these systems represent another health problem, since it contains high levels of pathogens and organic load. These wastes, termed septic tanks and cesspools residues (STCR) must be treated before their disposal to the environment. Simple and low cost technologies, like the constructed wetlands systems (CW), should be developed and evaluated aiming its implementation in small population centers. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment, more specifically the cleaning and stabilization, of the sludge accumulated in a CW designed to treat STCR. Two tanks were constructed, dug into the ground and filled with overlapping layers of gravel and sand for application and treatment of the STCR. One of them was grown by the vegetal specie Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) and the other one was used as a control treatment. The STCR were applied to the system by the exhaustion of clean-pit trucks. The system behaved in vertical downward subsurface flow, controlled by a fluid spilling system. Physical-chemical and microbiological analyses of the crude residue and sludge in treatment in both tanks were made. The STCR nutritional potential was characterized through the determination of total phosphorus, total, organic and ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate. Their pathogen load was characterized by counting total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and helminths viable eggs. In addition, were characterized the attributes pH, moisture, total, volatile and fixed solids. From the sludge accumulated on the surface of treatment beds they were evaluated its pathogen load, solids content and moisture. The results were compared with the established pursuant to resolution nº 375/2006, of the brazilian National Council for the Environment (CONAMA), to verify the possibility of the sludge use in agriculture. The crude residue characterization results, showed to be similar to those cited by the literature, with high concentrations of pathogens and nutrients and also, high dispersion of values. With STCR disposals, the sludge layer increased in both systems, with higher values for the CW (about 1.1 cm per month), because of their greater capacity to retain moisture. During the disposal phase, both tanks sludge remained with high values of pathogenic organisms. At the end of the applications, there has been considerable reduction of these values, suggesting that for a better sludge treatment should be a period of "rest" without applications. It was observed that after two months of "rest", the sludge from both tanks was framed in A Class, with potential use in agriculture, as standardizes the resolution nº 375/2006 of CONAMA. In general, the tank without plants showed greater speed in the process of cleaning the sludge than the CW, mainly due to the direct sunlight exposure. However, with respect to the stabilization process, the CW was better than the control tank.
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    Tratamento dos resíduos de fossas e tanques sépticos em um sistema de alagado construído
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Siqueira, Elisa Rodrigues; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; Griebeler, Nori Paulo
    Due to the lack of public sewer service in the country, Individual and Household Sewage Disposal Treatment Systems (SITDE) are still widely used in Brazil. The SITDE require cleaning maintenance and at the time of execution of this cleaning occurs the generation of the called Pit and Septic Tanks Waste (RFTS). This material has high load of pollutants and presence of pathogenic organisms and must be properly designed to ensure the quality of the environment and safeguard public health. In this context, low cost and potential for deployment in small settlements technologies emerge as an alternative of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the Constructed Wetlands System (SAC) with the Vetiver plant species (Chrysopogon zizanioides) in the treatment of the liquid fraction of the RFTS. An experimental system was built with the deployment of two identical tanks. One tank received the vegetation and the other operated as a control treatment. The tanks were filled with a substrate consisting of gravel # 0, gravel # 1 and medium sand. The constructed wetland system (SAC) acted under a descending vertical subsurface flow and RFTS was applied on the system under batch, remaining in the tanks for a period of six (6) days. The RFTS influent to the treatment system was characterized according to the parameters of pH, total oil and grease, ammonia nitrogen, settleable solids, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, surface, solid fixed solids, volatile solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and total phosphorus. The RFTS treated by SAC was analyzed according to the same parameters and the results were compared with the stipulations for disposition in water bodies of class 2, according to Resolution 430/2011 of Conama and Goiás State Decree 1.745/1979. The attributes removal efficiency was calculated considering the phenomenon of evapotranspiration, which showed an average rate of 38.11% in the SAC. The tributary RFTS system showed a great variability in the concentrations of the attributes. The results were subjected to F test (5% probability). Statistically, the only differed treatments between the tank vegetated and the tank control was removal of BOD which was more effective WS with the average removal of 86.80 %, while the tank control showed an average increase of 65.94 %. The average concentrations output WS met the requirements under federal and state law , except for E. coli showed an average outlet concentration can change the class of the receptor. Statistically, the treatments (vegetated tank and control tank) differed only for the BOD removal, which was more effective for the SAC, with the average removal of 86.80%, while the tank control showed an average increase of 65.94%. The average concentrations of SAC output attended the provided by the federal and state laws or release in Class 2 water.