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Item Método para a determinação do fator de redução de área em bacias urbanas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-18) BARBALHO, Fernando Duarte; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543The main objective of this work was to develop an empirical areal reduction factor - ARF - determination method for urban basins, which is a coefficient applied to average rainfall estimates for projects, given rainfall at a point. After a review about the subject, it was verified the needs of developing regional studies and the existence of some deficienes on current approaches. In this sense, it was tried to create an appropriate methodology given the spatial variability of extreme rainfall on urban basins. Therefore, the new suggested method, differently from the observed in others techniques, is primarily based on objective assessment of the ratio between extreme average rainfall calculated above several areas and the extreme point rainfall observed in gauges located in the center of those areas. After structuring it, the proposed method was tested in a pilot implementation with data obtained from a new raingauge network in the region of Córrego Botafogo Basin's, urban zone of Goiânia. The results were analyzed as to the dependence of ARF to area, duration and exceedance probability. It was found a strong relation with area, a minor with duration and the need of further studies about the exceedance probability influence. Lastly, the ARF values obtained with results fitting were compared with those indicated from other employed empirical models. From this study, it can be concluded that proposed methodology is appropriated to determine ARF, as its results are compatibles with assumptions established. However, new studies are needed, with a greater amounts of data, to obtain practical results.Item Calibração de modelos de drenagem urbana utilizando algoritmos evolucionários multiobjetivo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-29) CARVALHO, Maíra de; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543CARVALHO, M. Calibration models of urban drainage using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. 2011. Dissertation (Masters of Environmental Engineering) - Civil Engineering College, Post-Graduation Stricto Sensu Program in Environmental Engineering - Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, 2011.. This study proposed to develop and implement a calibration routine hydrological models applied to urban drainage using multiobjective optimization techniques. To make this work possible model was adopted Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and the computational algorithms developed in MATLAB environment using an evolutionary algorithm. The method was applied to two different levels of detail in representing the Arroyo Cancels basin, located in the urban area of Santa Maria-RS, submitted to the hydrological processes involved in the process of rainfall-runoff transformation in the search for optimal values of hydrological parameters the basin. Objective functions were defined and applied simultaneously in the calibration parameters. Worked with the simulation of events of low and high intensity settings for two discretization of the watershed, and other simple and subdivided into 18 sub-basins. The sensitivity analysis performed made it possible to check that the parameters that most influenced the basin were simple: Percentage of impervious area and outlet width. Regarding the results for the various watershed discretization can be seen that in most cases when working with a more detailed watershed they were better, except for some isolated events. Overall the model showed better results when high-intensity simulated events for the best compromise solutions, thus showing the importance of using a multiobjective model.Item Otimização econômica de redes de distribuição de água em ambiente SIG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-03) COSTA, Kleber Elias; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the optimization of water distribution networks projects (LANSEY, 2006). This is the result of an urgent need to save public money, and especially to make good use of water, this precious resource, scarce and inaccessible in many parts of the world. In this scenario, many optimization routines of water distribution networks have been used. One of these routines is the Granados Method, which was developed by Alfredo Granados, in 1990, and provides the minimum cost of a water distribution network, considering the change in the price of the pipes according to their types, classes and diameters. One of the modern tools that have being used as a support to the project of water distribution networks is the free software EPANET, which is a simulator of the behavior and quality of the water, widely used in distribution systems under pressure. Geoprocessing, in turn, has been used in many areas, including the development of networks, be they water, sewer, electricity, transport, telephone etc. The ArcView GIS is a software that is widely accepted by researchers and designers worldwide. The EPANET integrated with the software ArcView GIS can work together through the installation of the software DC Water. Thus, we can run the hydraulic simulator EPANET within the environment of ArcView GIS. Through this work, we developed a computational routine based on Granados optimization method, within the geoprocessing software ArcView GIS, integrated with EPANET through the DC Water. This routine allows, in an automated way to carry out several simulations of diameters implementation, analyzing the energy losses and the resulting pressure on knots, in order to contribute to the production of an optimized water supply network.Item Segurança de barragens: aspectos regulatórios(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-30) FRANCO, Carlos Sérgio Souza Pinto de Almeida; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543In this paper are presented socio-environmental considerations about the dams safety being promoting the linking of the trilogy water, living beings and anthrop actions, as well as the evolution of the legal aspects. A study about the resources is done to establish a policy of efficient action which guarantees few risks of accidents involving dams and as they are inserted in the context of the global safety of the population. In general terms the investigation promotes an evaluation about the factors that contribute to the dams safety taking into consideration legal aspects of the administration of the water resources aiming to minimize the contentions in the treatment of the subject. In a more specific way, it proposes the creation of a law to be applied by the authorities of the State of Goiás. It is an exploratory research which took place from August 2006 to March 2008 that had bibliographies references, professionals considered experts talking about dams safety and, also, public agencies such as: MI, SEMARH and civil defense among others. It includes a proposition for the establishment of emergency action planning based on technical considerations about risk evaluation. and it presents the cases of the accidents in the dam of Flores de Goiás happened on 2004 and 2007. In Central Brazil regions more specifically in the State of Goiás was verified that the studies concerning to thewater resources are incipient. The public bodies presented divergences in the information on the quantitative of dams. Public agencies like Defesa Civil, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos and Agência Ambiental did not show evidences joint action for the planning, fiscalization and critical analysis of the decisive factors to the global safety of the society. Works in the physical dimensions are being accomplished in the Dam of Flores de Goiás to correct the mistakes of the hydrologic project. A debate about dam is a debate about development. To solve or to minimize conflicts concerning to the theme is necessary to have a broad consensus about the rules that govern the development choices and the criteria that should define the negotiations and the decision making. In this context the work of environmental education should be considered as instrument to promote changes of paradigms and management.Item Avaliação da Vulnerabilidade de Barramentos ao Rompimento de pequenos barramentos localizados a montante(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-22) MENDES, Thiago Augusto; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543In spite of Brazil being the country with one of the largest quantities of dams on the planet, there is no study that confront the influence of small dams collapse on major dams. This is very important from a strategic and planning point of view, since much of the energy produced in the country comes from hydroelectric installed in rivers. Althought the hydroelectric sizing is done following strict security techniques, the upstream reservoirs, in most cases are not. This factor leads to great uncertainty about safety of these dams. Thus, this work is important to the development of a methodology able to quantify how small dams affect the safety of large dams. The purpose was set a vulnerability rate to disruption of these small dams, thereby providing data for municipal, state and federal entities about the real situation for granting, construction and operation of dams. The determination of vulnerability rate was made with simulations conducted in the HEC-HMS hydrological model, thereby determining the additional flow from the disruption of dams along the upstream of the dam under study. The study site chosed was the basin of the Meia Ponte river - GO, precisely the Rochedo s hydroelectric, where 30 reservoirs were evaluated for disruption. It was found that the flow that reaches the Rochedo s reservoir, without considering the disruption of reservoirs located upstream (1.222 m³/s) for a return period of 10,000 years is about 31% higher than the flow planned for Rochedo, that is 935 m³/s, as informed by the Energy Company of Goiás (CELG, 2008). The calculated vulnerability rate was 1,31 for a return period of 10,000 years without considering the disruption of the upstream reservoirs and were suitable for a reservoir that was built in the 50's. However the flow that reaches the Rochedo s reservoir, considering the disruption of the upstream reservoirs for a return period of 10,000 years (1.880 m3/s) is much higher than flow considered without disruption of the upstream reservoirs. The calculated vulnerability rate goes to 1,54 for a return period of 10,000 years, wich is considered a high value that deserves care assessmentItem USO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS NA OPERAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-24) OLIVEIRA, Roberta Mara de; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543Water companies have the duty to provide water to the growing demand, which requires a larger quantity of active connections and, consequently, results in an increase of net extension and a larger volume of produced water. This paper aims at presenting a tool for the support of management of water distribution nets in a pilot area in the city of Goiânia GO. The application of GIS tool integrated to the hydraulic model had sectors Parque Ateneu and Jardim Mariliza as sceneries, with the purpose of evaluating the building difficulties of those models (plural) and its use as a tool for this paper. Concerning the building of the models, we used geoprocessing resources in order to integrate graphic databases and water system typical alphanumerics, especially net technical registration, urban map reference, altimetry map, and consumption profile, used as case study. The building process shows the EPANET DC Water Design Extension at stages CAD, GIS, and finally in the integration procedure for the adopted hydraulic simulation program. Finally, the model was used for the evaluation of the system deployed. In this research chose to develop a method of semi-automatic connection of the nodes of the units of consumption consuming, this method can avoid the duplicity of associations, allowing only one connection in each unit, one of the advantages of this method is the control that operator is at the link, node can determine which is closest to the consumer unit. The results show that we can produce information for the improvement of general knowledge of the delivery system because what occurs is large spread of information inside the company in charge of the managementItem O efeito da escala espacial no modelamento hidrológico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-28) SILVA, Claudio Rodrigues da; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543This study presents the results of the analysis of the effect of the spatial scale in the hydrologic modeling. Nine watersheds were delimited in three different spatial scales: small (Capão da Onça River Basin), middle (Areias River Basin) and large (Corrente River Basin). The physiographic characteristics, area, length of the main river and slope of the river were obtained from digital cartographic maps in the three available scales for Goiás, 1:1.000.000, 1:250.000 and 1:100.000, using tools of Geographic Information Systems. The physical data of the basins were used as input in the hydrologic model - HEC HMS version 3.3 - developed by Hydrologic Engineering Center of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, projected to simulate the precipitation-runoff process in a watershed. After the simulation procedures and calibration of the model, the study shows that data obtained from different cartographic scales little influence the final result of the modeling in the three analyzed spatial scales. It was also evidenced that the modeling presented better results in the middle scale with a better adjustment between the observed and calculated hydrographs.Item Análise da eficiência de métodos de controle de Enchentes na atenuação de picos de cheias utilizando o modelo computacional SWMM Storm Water managemente model(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-08-31) SILVA, Karla Alcione da; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543This research presents an evaluation of the eficiency of four flood control measures applied to an urban basin in the city of Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Goiânia shows frequent flooding problems. The following factors have been identified as causes of the floodings: (1) significant number of impervious areas (2) lack of green areas, (3) insuficient capacity of the pipe network to convey the produced water volume. Small detention basins, infiltration trenches and the increase of permeable areas (30-50%) within parcels have been evaluated as flood control measures as well as the use of the Lago do Bosque dos Buritis as a detention basin. For this purpose, the Stormwater Management Model SWMM has been applied for evaluating 11 hypothetic management measures in the water basin. The later control measures were evaluated individually as combined. In determining the impervious area index of the studied area, field visits have been carried out, which showed high imperviousness. (86.16%). A synthetic rainfall time series, derived from the equation proposed by Costa e Brito (1999) with recurrence of 2 years, has been used in the simulations. Horton`s equation was applied to represent infiltration with parameters presented in Moura (2005). The scenario which combines the use of infiltration trenches and the increase of pervious areas to 50% has shown to be the best solution in reducing peak flow with 43% eficiency. On the other hand, the scenario using detention basins presented the smallest efficiency (3%).Item CALIBRAÇÃO DE MODELOS DE REDES DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA USANDO ALGORÍTMO GENÉTICO MULTIOBJETIVO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-29) VIEIRA, Maria Eulina Aires Gonçalves; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543Increasing population united the behaviour of man carefree about the environmental preservation has led to a scarcity of natural resources. A key resource for human survival has been directly affected by these desmazelos, water. Based on this context arises as a commitment to operational excellence of water supply systems, seeking greater efficiency in the establishment of operational rules. To this end, the general objective of this research is to develop a study of water distribution networks model calibration, because it is believed to be the best technique for tracking this problem by adjusting the physical parameters that have changed over time and dictate strategies. This work aims to develop a technique based on the inverse of calibration using GAs as a tool for optimization, using multiple goals: pressure and flow. The parameters adjusted were roughness coefficients and coefficients of losses by leaks. To evaluate the proposed methodology were employed two networks often used in literature. The first network employed is a theoretical system proposed by Tucciarelli (1999) and was used to evaluate the behavior of multiobjectives methods and their parameters. The second network is located in Campo Grande (MS) has been studied by Cheung (2004) and Soares et al. (2004). This example is a real system that had its data measured in situ and presents all the complications inherent in the calibration real problems. The results were very satisfactory, since the optimization multiobjective shown to be able to improve the accuracy of the calibration of the model.