Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

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Mapeamento agrícola com imagens de sensores remotos orbitais para apoio ao gerenciamento de recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-08-11) Carmo, Nadyelle Curcino do; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Barbalho, Maria Gonçalves da Silva
The catchment areas of water are extremely important because they have the function of providing water for public supply, and its occupation should be monitored to avoid damage to its environmental quality. Currently, most of the mappings of use and occupation of land classified as agriculture evenly, not discriminate their crops, which could help more effectively in the planning and management of natural resources. This work aims at mapping the major crops of the state of Goiás, using GIS tools and remote sensing in order to provide support for managing water resources in the region. Vegetation indices produced from data collected by MODIS the years 2007-2013 to map cane sugar, corn and soybeans and winter corn were used. The methodology proved feasible, cost effective and promising for mapping corn and soybeans results, but the similarities obtained in relation to official data, for mapping of cane sugar and winter corn were not satisfactory. In a second step was quantified occupation of catchment basins of water for public supply for corn and soybeans in the state. The results showed that of the 183 catchment basins, 100 have these crops and that the basins of southern Goiás have densified occupation. The main conclusion of the paper is that the use and occupation of land in the catchment should be systematically monitored, which is quite feasible using images from satellite sensors with high temporal resolution, such as the MODIS images.
A dinâmica hidrográfica na região sul do estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-10-23) Castilho, Mayara Paula Silva Franco; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Teixeira, Denilson; Ribeiro, Hugo José
Brazil is a world leader concerning water resources, and for its intense agricultural production. In the state of Goiás alone, more than 26 million hectares of land is earmarked for agricultural activities, and water availability is essential for the sustainability of these activities. Because of this, physical changes in hydrography may occur as a result of the increase in agricultural production, since the implementation and maintenance of these activities require interventions such as dams, water abstraction, irrigation, and deforestation. The objective of the research is to map the changes in hydrography in the Water Resources Management Planning Units (UPGRHs) of the affluent Goianos of Baixo Paranaíba and Rio dos Bois in the last three decades and to verify if they are associated with changes in use and coverage from the soil. To identify and map this water dynamics, a computational code was developed in the Java programming language and executed within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, where the classification of the presence of water was carried out using the Landsat satellite images in the years 1987, 2007 and 2017. After mapping the hydrography for the aforementioned years, the data in the form of images were exported to a Geographic Information System (GIS) computer program, for area calculations and comparison of changes about hydrography. It was found that between 1987 and 2007 there were few changes in hydrography, already in 2017, it is possible to notice significant changes mainly to the emergence of large reservoirs. As a basis for calculating the hydrographic areas in this 30-year interval in the UPGRHs in the study area, a significant increase was observed from 505.16km² to 630.46km², in water depth, corresponding to an increase of 24.80%. Likewise, changes in land use and coverage were observed. The quality of the hydrography mapping elaborated in this research was evaluated in comparison with the mapping carried out for the same years by the MapBiomas project. By comparing the areas found by the two mappings, hydrographic omissions were identified in the MapBiomas data, ranging from 41% to 63%. This discrepancy does not invalidate the data provided by MapBiomas, since the classification methodology and area of coverage of the mapping is for the entire Brazilian territory, however, this comparison found the good quality of the mappings carried out within the scope of the research. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate that there is a relationship between changes in land use and hydrography and that these changes can be identified from images with a special resolution of tens of meters.
Expansão urbana da região metropolitana de Goiânia e os impactos sobre os recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-08-23) Lino, Natalia Cristina; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Bias, Edilson Souza
The urban areas expansion in a disorganized way, is a problem that has caused major disruptions due to severe damage to the health and population welfare, as well as material damages. Brazil has few initiatives in urban planning, resulting in urbanized areas expansion in an uncontrolled manner, causing major environmental impacts. The municipality of Goiânia had its urban area almost doubled in 25 years period. This increase accelerated the growth of neighboring towns and in 1999 was created the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (MRG). Despite the urban space occupation over time is complex, it is now easily evaluated with the aid of science, technology and techniques correlated to the GIS. Therefore, this study sought to answer questions about the urban areas expansion of MRG, using landscape dynamics modeling techniques, and assessing the main environmental impacts caused by this expansion, in past times, and in the future. In a second stage, we mapped the impervious areas in Goiânia, processing a dataset obtained by laser scanning and aerial photographs. The methodology proved feasible, especially the low cost involved throughout the data processing. The results indicated the urbanization rate of MRG and allowed the mapping of the expansion in the coming years. As a result of the mapping of land use conducted through satellite images, for the years 1989, 2000 and 2011, we observed a considerable increase in MRG urban spots, with area more than doubled since 1989. Already with the information obtained by landscape dynamic modeling, we found that for the year 2060, the SenadorCanedo urban area present a significant growth, and that MRG will increase by approximately 21% their urban areas . Regarding the environmental impacts of this urban expansion, we found that both in Goiânia, as MRG, this expansion has affected, and may still affect quite important, the catchment area of public water supply of the cities, and other areas with high environmental vulnerability, or permanent preservation in accordance with environmental legislation. Finally, the study presents two maps in A1 format, which show the urban expansion in the MRG and in the Goiás state capital, along with the environmental vulnerability areas, and permanent preservation, which should be fully protected and monitored in the coming years.
Proposta de processo decisório para reabilitação das áreas de disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos na região metropolitana de Goiânia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-26) Melo, Diógenes Aires de; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Soares, Alexandre Képler; Reichert, Geraldo Antônio; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de
One of the biggest concerns with municipal solid wastes (MSW) is the risk of degradation of final disposal areas (FDA), since many landfills installed as sanitaries, in Goiás State, Brazil, returned to the condition of ilegal dump sites (MP-GO, 2012), and because the technical standards don´t adopt the newest concept of environmental geotechnics (JUCÁ, 2003). It´s necessary evaluate the FDA of MSW and establish the prioritization criterias for the rehabilitation in order to decide about their future. The research aimed the proposition of a multicriteria decision process for the rehabilitation of FDA of MSW in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (MRG). The MRG, composed by 20 municipalities, was choosen because it´s responsible for the generation of 46.85 % of the total of 4,088.23 tonnes/day of MSW of Goias State (SECIMA, 2014b). Three evaluations were carried out in 20 areas: quality evaluation of final disposal, through Landfill Quality Index (LQI) (FARIA, 2002); evaluation of environmental vulnerability, with the elaboration of synthesis map, integrating Topograpic Wetness Index (TWI), Length Slope (LS), Water Table and Soils; and the evaluation of legal restriction of the area uses according with Resolution No 5/2014 of Environmental State Council. The evaluations showed only 4 FDA of Aparecida de Goiânia, Bela Vista de Goiás, Trindade and Senador Canedo Counties obtained LQI greater than 8.01 and they were considered as a sanitary landfills. Most areas has moderate vulnerability and the other areas range between low and very low. Only 4 areas are free of legal restriction of use: Inhumas, Bonfinópolis, Bela Vista de Goiás and Hidrolândia; 2 are subject to agreement: Santo Antônio de Goiás and Brazabrantes; and the other 14 are restricted areas. From the hierarchical structure of the 3 combined and weighted evaluation criteria for each of the 20 alternative-areas, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was performed, which ordered Guapo as the most priority and lastly, Hydrolandia County. The decision about the future of each area indicates in ascending order that the following 14 FDA: Guapó, Caldazinha, Nova Veneza, Caturaí, Nerópolis, Aparecida de Goiânia, Trindade, Senador Canedo, Goianira, Goianápolis, Terezópolis de Goiás, Aragoiânia, Abadia de Goiás e Goiânia, should to be closed and recovered. On the other hand, the FDA´s of Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazabrantes, Inhumas, Bonfinópolis and Hidrolândia may continue to dispose their wastes since the elaboration and approval of sanitary landfill projects, as determined by the respective Environmental Agency. The FDA of Bela Vista de Goiás will be able to continue as a sanitary landfill. Finally, possible scenarios were indicated for the final disposal future of the MSW of MRG by sending preferably to the 4 shared landfills pointed by the Solid Waste State Plan, private landfill or manual trench landfill for counties with the generation less than 10 tonnes/day, together with the search of new solutions for final destination. It was concluded that not all landfill considered sanitary can continue its activities due to the environmental fragility of the area and non-compliance with the restrictions imposed by the legislation.
Banco de dados pluviométricos integrados por dados da plataforma TRMM e estações pluviométricas nos estados de Goiás e Distrito Federal
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-08-27) Morais, Lidiane Batista de; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Nazareno, Nilton Ricetti Xavier de; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de
In developed countries it is common the use of rainfall estimatives by using tools like Remote Sensing, but in technically less advanced countries, like in Brazil, this usage still limited. The study area focuses on the center-west of the country, which has a restricted network of rainfall stations. The State of Goiás and Distrito Federal has a wide area and its network of rainfall stations available is distributed irregularly, having distances, producing only point data, which can cause the use of inadequate information in the region, committing the management of stormwater in urban and rural areas. With the advent of technology, data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite - (TRMM) has provided more consistency in relation to rainfall data, because it uses a global coverage, eliminating the effects of prior data points. This work has as main objective to develop a database of rainfall from the TRMM satellite (3B42 algorithm - version 7) and rainfall data measured in the field (rainfall stations), on the interval of 1998 to 2011. From this data was possible the development of rainfall data bank consisting of four bands: Band 1, which was composed by maps of rainfall stations; Band 2, represented by maps of rainfall from TRMM; Band 3 consists on maps of rainfall product, which is to merge the data from rainfall stations with TRMM data, and finally the database was represented by the Band 4, which is the metadata; this map is the pixel values used in band 3 The results of this study showed that there is an agreement between the data of rainfall stations (band 1) and TRMM (band 2) in periods of low rainfall frequency, unlike the rainy season, where the TRMM tends to overestimate the values of rainfall stations, showing correlation of maximum 94.09% in 2005, and at least 25.52% registered in the year 2006. When analyzing the composition of the (band 3), it was observed that during the dry period, a total of up to 100% of data from maps of rainfall stations was used, and in the rainy season it was used by 30% of data from the TRMM rainfall maps, which can be proven by the band 4. These maps resulted in a considerable solution for use mainly in the rainy seasons, where the rainfall stations do not always manage to capture the total precipitation. The TRMM represented 30% of the data in the rainy seasons, covering possible errors of rainfall stations.
Determinação de áreas impermeáveis por meio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-18) Moreira, Pedro Augusto Gonzaga; Mendes, Thiago Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7064953575888122; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodoro Martins; Barberi, Maíra
The accelerated urbanization process associated with the government’s lack of planning generates environmental, social and economic impacts. Inherent in the urbanization process, impervious surface coverage appears as one of the main factors that generate these impacts, even becoming an indicator not only of the degree of urbanization, but also of environmental quality. goiânia was planned for 50 thousand inhabitants, however, today it has more than 1.2 million inhabitants. Therefore, it is justifiable to determine the percentage of impermeable areas in the urban perimeter of the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, as well as to determine the quality of drainage in the census sectors, generating a product that supports decision-making by of public managers. For that, we used the object-oriented classification technique implemented in the free InterImage software. The drainage quality map was generated by crossing the impermeable areas, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) map and access to micro-drainage equipment. The result of the final classification was Kappa index 85%, considered excellent. The regions of the study area with the highest waterproofing rates were: central and south with 73 and 71%, respectively. The other regions had waterproofing rates close to 50%. However, it should be noted that the northern region is 35% urbanized, and according to the Goiânia risk map, this region should be preserved. In relation to the InterImage software, one should point out its limitation in relation to the maximum amount of pixel it can process. The urban drainage quality map generated identified that approximately 70% of the study area is found to be very unfavorable and unfavorable, a fact directly related to the current high degree of waterproofing of the study area
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental da paisagem da bacia hidrográfica e do reservatório do ribeirão João Leite
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-09) Oliveira, Wellington Nunes de; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630
The land use and cover analysis is one fundamental phase for performing the strategic planning on conservation and management of a watershed. This study aims to analyze the landscape of João Leite stream watershed, located in the Goiás state, on northwest of the Goiânia city, by using geoprocessing tools, as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing, in order to provide input to generate a environmental diagnosis. In an analysis performed using multitemporal satellite images TM/Landsat-5 between the years 1985 to 2011 showed that in watershed of João Leite stream occurred a decrease in the area of remnant native vegetation in 7,4%. Among municipalities that compose the watershed, Anápolis had the most suppression of these areas (11.1%). The results of this analysis can be used by sectors dealing with environmental management because the vegetation degradation has direct influences the environmental quality of the watershed landscape. This study also permitted an evaluation of different scenarios in estimating sediments production in the reservoir supply and João Leite stream watershed using the hydrosedimentological SWAT model, which showed that among the proposed scenarios, when occur the preservation and recovering the native vegetation, also occur a lower value in sediment production in the watershed. Concerning the estimation of sediment production was also used PRISM/ALOS and TM/Landsat-5 satellite images with spatial resolutions respectively of 2,5 and 30 meters, the result of this estimate considering the two simulations showed that it occurred proportionally in the watershed, and the highest values were found almost in the same sub-basins, which demonstrated that the variation between the results was minimal.
Análise da consistência de dados hidrológicos a partir de diferentes modelos digitais de terreno
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Ribeiro, Hugo José; Milograna, Jussanã; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Milograna, Jussanã; Araújo, José Vicente Granato de; Boggione, Giovanni de Araújo
In the digital relief is best represented by the digital terrain model (DTM) and the automatic extraction from topographical parameters of this data type, configures a viable alternative in relation to the manual process performed on topographic maps. However, the available data may contain faults or present information to altitude that are not exactly the terrain. In this sense, it is important to consider these issues in the application of MDT. In hydrology, for example, you must perform preprocessing steps to eliminate inconsistencies that might prevent the natural reproduction of the flow of water toward the riverbeds. The objective of this research is to check the limits of applicability of the MDTs in hydrological analyses. For this, we used 5 (five) MDTs data: Light Detection And Ranging-LIDAR; Aerial Photography; Topodata; ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model-Aster GDEM; Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-SRTM, with different spatial resolutions and methods of acquisition. These data were applied a technique of hydrological correction and subsequently were extracted attributes from all surfaces. This information was used in the construction of the time of concentration and consequently the design hydrographs, which in turn were used to extract the maximum flow of project to return periods of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50 and 100 years, in a range of the curve number (CN) varying between 40 and 99. It was built using a programming language of 60 dimension array rows by 7 columns, where each line represents the maximum values of each design hydrograph flow generated from each value of CN. In the end, it was obtained a set of 24 arrays containing the values of the maximum flows of project for each CN value, and attributes extracted of the MDTs and of digital models of terrain Hidrologicamente Consistent (MDEHCs). In possession of this information, a statistical test was applied in order to assess the influence that the hydrological consistency method and the dimensions of the cells of the MDTs/MDEHCs had about the project flows. Was observed in one of the sub-basins analysed that the difference between the maximum design flow is directly proportional to the increase in CN and payback period. It was noted a difference of up to 173.7 m3/s to a CN of 99 and return period of 100 years. The hypothesis H0 of the proposed test was accepted in all return periods both in relation to hydrological consistency method applied as compared to cell dimension of MDTs. This means that it is possible to affirm with an error probability of "P-value" for return period, which the flows generated from the parameters of the MDTs differ from flows generated from the parameters of MDEHCs as well as between the MDTs surveyed at a significance level of 5%. From the results, it might be concluded that the interpolation method for hydrological consistency and size of the cell of the MDTs has influence on the generation of the maximum flow of project.
Estimativa da temperatura de superfície na região metropolitana de Goiânia por meio de imagens Landsat e previsão de temperaturas para períodos posteriores
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-03) Siqueira, Rubens Villar; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Soares, Alexandre Keppler; Boggione, Giovanni de Araújo
Climate analysis, whether at global, regional or local level, it has been the subject of research in various fields of earth sciences. Among the climatic parameters, temperature and precipitation have gained importance in recent decades because of significant changes in their magnitudes. Thus, this work performs a detailed analysis of the temperature for the Greater Goiânia, using satellite images to generate surface temperature for the study area, at first, through an analysis between the years 1997 and 2008 and after in about twenty years, periodically every four years, for the years 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2014. The elaborate maps, besides showing the spatial variation of urban heat islands, show that there was significant changes to the minimum temperature, maximum and average. Between the period 1997 and 2008, the minimum decrease about 1.4°C and maximum jump of 31.2°C to 36.0°C. Test results for the five periods between 1997 and 2014, show that the year 2014 is presented as the hottest in the years studied. Through the resulting maps of this analysis, it can see that the range of temperatures, the difference between the maximum and minimum, grow with the years. An estimated temperature of satellite validation model was performed by direct comparison between the surface temperature and the data of GOIÂNIA weather station belonging to INMET, with differences of 0.7°C to 1.9°C between the temperatures demonstrating the applicability of satellite images to estimate temperatures in areas that do not have a dense meteorological network. The last analysis performed is forecast monthly temperatures for the period between the years 2040-2047, using the method of Holt-Winters. The model used for predicting allowed the computation of the seasonality of the minimum monthly temperatures, average and maximum for the historical period between the years 1970 to 2015. The predicted temperatures renew the expectation of increased minimum temperatures, average and maximum presented by the analysis of Historic data. As shown, in addition to the monthly increases in temperature, the occurrence of these will be situated in the highest classes of about 1.0° C warmer. We can see that, too, after 2000, all temperatures rise significantly, where their amplitudes between the minimum and maximum are located at a higher level than in previous years.

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