Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

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Modelagem do escoamento transcrítico sob regime permanente e transiente em canais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-27) Carvalho, Thiago Pires de; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Vasco, Joel Roberto Guimarães; Soares, Alexandre Soares Kepler
The understanding of phenomena related to floods propagation along open channels, especially in artificial urban ones, is becoming increasingly important to avoid flooding and inundation as a result of intense precipitations. In this context, there is still great difficulty in computational modeling certain hydraulic phenomena, such as hydraulic jump, which may occur during a flood wave flow along channels under specific conditions that generate changes in flow regimes. Seeking a better understanding of this phenomenon, this work proposes the development of computational tools that simulate, through physique and mathematical equations, the propagation of flows that occur in the transition from supercritical to subcritical regimes, the so-called transcritical flow. Two computational models were developed for free-surface simulation. The first for the gradually varying permanent regime, through the Standard Step Method, as proposed by Akan (2011). The second one for the transient regime, based on solving the Saint-Venant equations in a hybrid way, where the supercritical curve was defined by the Finite Difference Method (explicit resolution) as proposed by Chaudhry (2007), and the subcritical curve was defined by the Preissmann Method (implicit resolution). Comparisons among the conjugate heights of each flow curve provided the flow transition point determination. These models were validated through laboratory tests, performed in an experimental channel, simulating different scenarios of transcritical flow, allowing the free-surface monitoring and measurement by means of a graduated ruler (experiments in gradually varying permanent regime) and ultrasonic sensors (transient regime). In particular, we aim at computational modeling the hydraulic jump phenomenon, an aproach of extreme importance and relevance for interventions in natural and artificial channels in order to promote controlled energy dissipation, regulating and stabilizing the propagation of floods and mitigating impacts downstream.
Relações entre precipitação, escoamento e sedimentos suspensos na bacia do Rio das Antas, Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-06) Didonet, Thais Teodoro dos Santos Cordeiro; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Vasco, Joel Roberto Guimarães; Angelim, Renato Resende; Soares, Alexandre Kepler
Sediments transported by surface runoff and by rivers are essential components in the comprehension of changes in a river basin and the quality of aquatic systems. The high variability of rainfall events, the SSC and the relation between them produce complex behavioral dynamics difficult to interpret but the study of these aspects is a useful and frequently used tool in the quantification of impacts due to erosive and hydrossedimentological processes. The main objective of this study was to characterize and quantify the hydrological, sedimentological and granulometric characteristics of the urban watercourse of the Rio das Antas basin, located in Anápolis, Goiás, wich faces various erosion processes. Continuous monitoring of precipitation, flow rates, sediment concentrations and turbidity was performed using pluviographs, linigraphs, an automatic sampler and a laser granulometer during most of a rainy season, where samples were collected and 14 events were analyzed. Descriptive statistical analyzes, identification of hysteresis patterns, Event Mean Concentration, “first flush” phenomenon effects and grain size distribution and their relationships with precipitations and flow rates were performed. The peak concentration of total sediments reached 3,380 mg L -1 , and approximately 83% were suspended sediments. No “first flush" has been recorded in any event. The highest mean concentration observed for suspended sediments was 1,714.6 mg/m3 and the mean of the events was 1,001.3 mg/m3, values considered to be high when compared to river basin flows, where the highest was 15.49 m 3 s -1 . The maximum flow rates were determinant in the total sediment, however, the same flow range carried very different amounts of suspended sediments during the floods. This behavior suggests that the variation also depends on precipitation characteristics and sediment sources. In the hysteresis analyzes, it can be verified that these sources are located farther from the monitoring point, but are also the river itself, since the most frequent hysteresis loop was "Figure Eight" followed by the"Counter Clock-wise” type. There were complex hysteretic loops characterized by multiple peaks of flow and sediments. The size of particles carried by the flow varies throughout the rainy season. The suspended sediment particles had dimensions between 0.0019 mm and 0.990 mm being characterized as sandy silt material. The small and medium particles were more frequent in final events and larger particles occurred in the middle of the period. Finner particles were more present during the rise of the hydrograph and in the recession phase the amount of particles with dimensions between 0.2 mm e 0.6 mm increased in some events. Particles larger than 0.6 mm were not related to precipitation. It was also observed that the amount of dissolved solids decreases with increasing particle size and may indicate that larger particles have less capacity to absorb/adsorb other pollutants. It is observed that the suspended sediments vary between the events and within the same event and depends on the hydrological behavior, the characteristics of the water body and the type of monitoring.
Análise de estimativas de precipitação por satélite e de diferentes métodos de preenchimento de falhas para a região do Sudeste Goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-12-19) Duarte, Luíza Virgínia; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino
Precise estimation and monitoring of rainfall occurrence patterns are essential for the modeling of hydrological systems and the planning and management of water resources in various sectors of society. Failures in data series records may compromise studies in practical applications. Advances in precipitation physics are imperative to improve numerical models and rely heavily on testing new hypotheses for actual precipitation measurements, and improved predictions are deeply intertwined with the ability to measure precipitation. In this sense, the quality of satellite precipitation products has been significantly improved in the last decades, especially with the emergence of the missions: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) that comes as a successor to the TRMM mission in order to provide better global estimates of high quality and precipitation resolution. The objective of this study was to compare precipitation estimates generated by the GPM satellite with data observed on land in order to test the effectiveness of these rainfall estimates in relation to temporal and spatial patterns and to compare these data with traditional methods of filling data for the generation of complete series of data. The methods of comparison were applied for mean rainfall in the Meia Ponte and Rio dos Bois basins of the State of Goiás for daily, monthly and annual scales, and the failure completion methods were analyzed for the same region in daily and monthly data. The results were satisfactory for the monthly and annual analyzes in the region of the two basins and the daily precipitation data, due to their greater variability, they require more studies to refine the techniques in order to obtain better results.
Estudos hidrológicos aplicados para avaliação de secas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Meia Ponte
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-27) Melo, Denise Christina de Rezende; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Basso, Raviel Euric; Pinto, Eber José de Andrade
The objective of this study was to verify the influence of land use, water use, and climate change, with alterations in precipitation on minimum flows, over time, and to assess droughts, in the Meia Ponte River Watershed. Hydrological data from stations located in the basin, pertaining to the National Hydrometeorological Network and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), were used. For the analysis of minimum flows, a physical and socioeconomic characterization of the basin was conducted, along with statistical analyses and flow simulations using the HYMOD hydrological model. In the drought assessment, three drought indices were utilized: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI), and Standardized PrecipitationEvapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The results indicated significant changes in land use in the Meia Ponte River Watershed over time, primarily due to the increase in urbanized areas and areas with irrigated agriculture. In addition to reduced precipitation and increased temperatures, this set of factors may have contributed to the decline in minimum flows in the basin over the years. The statistical analyses applied to flows and precipitation showed that most of the stations are non-stationary, non-homogeneous, and dependent, likely due to these anthropogenic changes. Modeling allowed for the estimation of flows for the last 20 years, with observed flows falling below the simulated flows, particularly from 2015 to 2021, when daily values remained below the reference flows Q95 and Q7,10. The drought assessment using drought indices and simulated flows with the hydrological model identified the driest years in the historical series, revealing periods of meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and even socioeconomic droughts
Modelagem e monitoramento hidrológico das bacias hidrográficas dos córregos Botafogo e Cascavel, Goiânia – GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-28) Pereira, Tatiane Souza Rodrigues; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, KlebberTeodomiro Martins; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Côrtes, Jussana Milograna
The impermeabilization of Brazil watersheds have generated socio-economic and environmental impacts innumerable, which has resulton a dare for public administrations. This because most of the towns do not have an efficient drainage system, this causes the water seeps quickly into water streams that are not prepared to support this new level of streamflow, mainly towards the extreme rainfall events. Thus, the hydrological modeling appears like an important support tool for planning and management. However this tool is subject to limitations that must be ascertained through calibration and model validation in real field conditions. This calibration process has been the focus of research and discussion in the last 50 years, and the most currently accepted models are based on uncertainty those analysis to determine the parameters. This study aims at the assessthe development and calibration of the model rainfall-runoff UFGModel1.1 as well as analyze the uncertainty applied to the simulation of streamflow. For this purpose, we used methodologies of uncertainty analysis by means of the Monte Carlo methods (MC) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which form the basis of the GLUE and DREAM algorithms, respectively, for estimating uncertainties.The results demonstrate that DREAM performs better than the calibrating the GLUE. The various sets of parameters found for both algorithms were considered great for model validation, enabling high efficiency of this precipitation events for medium at very strong with relatively narrow uncertainty limits for DREAM and great for GLUE. The parameter that showed lower sensitivity in the model was the Manning channel.
Monitoramento e modelagem da quantidade de água subterrânea na bacia do Córrego Botafogo, Goiânia, Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-29) Romero, Vanessa; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Araújo, José Vicente Granato de
The development of this research aimed to evaluate the behavior of the groundwater in the catchment area of the Botafogo stream in Goiânia / Goiás, through the monitoring and mathematical modeling of the free aquifer, using data from the level of the sheet, measured in the period of drought and rain, between May / 2016 and June / 2017. Monitoring was performed by measuring the groundwater level with the Water Tape electric meter in monitoring wells distributed throughout the basin. These piezometric level data helped to obtain the observed hydraulic loads and constituted input data for interpolation of the hydraulic load that entered as an initial condition in the modeling of the water table of the study área. Comparing the results of the dry period contemplated in 2016 and 2017 by this study, we noticed a greater fluctuation of groundwater level. The load contour condition defined in the calibration of the hydraulic conductivity of the Botafogo basin was of local flow, making possible the estimation of the recharge and the calculation of the outflow in the basin in permanent regime. In the transient flow regime, it was observed that, with the increase of hydraulic conductivity, the level of the water table rose, in the zone downstream of the Botafogo basin, but remained continuous over time, in terms of the highest value calibrated for the parameter storage (0.48 m³/day). Therefore, the fluctuation of the groundwater level in the catchment area of the Botafogo basin can be reflected both in the recharge caused by the precipitation and in the variation of the hydraulic load (the increase of which tends to degrade the water table).
Caracterização da influência de cargas poluidoras difusas na qualidade da água no córrego Botafogo, Goiânia, Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-04) Salgado, Aline de Arvelos; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Ide, Carlos Nobuyoshi
Accelerated urbanization and disorganized has caused many impacts on the environment, either by modifying the conditions of living and the quality of water resources. The present work aims to characterize the quality and quantity of water and pollutant loads from Botafogo stream, during the dry and rainy, through analysis of quality and quantity, in order to know the behavior of the water quality of the water body and provide impacts of runoff in the water body. During the dry season, nine monitoring were performed in eight sampling points and during the rainy season, only one point was rated 5 rainfall events. Analyses discriminatory (boxplot), cluster and correlation were essential to understand the variations of water quality in dry periods, demonstrating that monitoring in future there is the possibility of reducing the number of sampling points and parameters. It was observed that the parameters COD, BOD5, color, turbidity, coliforms and E.coli showed clear seasonal variation. In the five rain events was evaluated possible to see large fluctuations in concentration during the monitored parameters, especially coliforms and E.coli, suspended solids and turbidity, clearly demonstrating the impact of stormwater drainage on surface water in urban areas, and it is possible to note that many of the parameters showed much higher concentrations than the limits recommended by CONAMA Resolution 357/05, for rivers Class II. It was also found that the BOD5, the COD, turbidity, and total solids best parameters were the first flush indicators. With the results obtained load was observed that the rainfall events are large contributors to the concentration of pollutants in water bodies, since high loads are transported solids and COD. Thus, the results show that the runoff can carry high concentrations of pollutants into the stream Botafogo and this may suffer siltation and eutrophication. Thus, it is demonstrated the urgent need to study the diffuse loads in water bodies, especially in urban areas and assess the measures that can be undertaken in the basin as a preventive, adoption of alternatives for the control and treatment of pollution and mitigation of impacts caused by human actions.
Utilização de modelo hidrodinâmico para mapeamento de áreas inundáveis
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-10) Santos, Kamila Almeida dos; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Rios, Fernanda Posch
The urbanization issues is taking place in Brazilian cities has proved disorganized and thus the floods are becoming a recurring phenomenon. The growth of waterproofing in urban land decreases the amount of infiltrated water in the soil during the rainy season, the rivers might otherwise not conform the water demand in the channels in addition to receive a lot of water runoff In this context the hydrodynamic modeling is an important tool to assess the drainage systems and predict the effects of flooding. This study was applied to the watershed of Ribeirão Anicuns in Goiania, where a considerable part of the basin is in an urban area. Using the hydrodynamic model HECRAS were created various flood scenarios with return periods of 15, 25, 50 and 100 years for the project rainfall; there was aid of a geographic information system, using ArcMap 10.0 to the high-resolution orthophoto city and DEM made from airborne laser scanner, with this material extracted the geometry of the basin. In hydrodynamic modeling crafted the model was run in unsteady flow considering the full Saint Venant equation. In addition to the hydrodynamic modeling was carried out a simulation on the INPE simplified model called HAND, which turned out to be an inexpensive tool, easily accessible and with quality results. With the results obtained (flood hydrograph and flood patches concerning the different return times) flood areas were shown in different scenarios created, and you can compare them. The results showed that the flood spot along the basin have become significantly larger as the return periods grow. In urbanized streams were no major changes than the changes that occurred in streams away from the urban area. Streams that are outside the urbanized area focuses on the alert, they are natural streams and showed that will not support the volume of water resulting from this work.
Modelagem hidrológica da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Botafogo – Goiânia – Go
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-29) Seibt, Ana Carolina; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de; Aragão, Ricardo de
The numerous problems arising from the increased amount of impermeable areas and drainage system of rainwater lagged consist of a hard challenge for public administrations. The hydrological modeling appears as a strong support engineering, however, is subject to a distinct set of constraints rarely explicitly considered by analysis of uncertainty to the results. The present study aims to highlight the role of hydrological modeling through a model transformation process for rainfall-runoff watershed stream Botafogo (Goiania - GO), called UFGModel1.0 and ascertain the uncertainty analysis applied in simulation flows. To achieve the goal, after exposure of the problem, we propose a methodology for uncertainty analysis using the Monte Carlo method, based on the method of estimation uncertainty GLUE. We stress the importance given in consideration of the precipitation fields, and the effect of simplifying the response of a model of a precipitation-runoff. The results demonstrate that multiple sets of parameters were considered excellent high efficiency enabling a model for events intense precipitation. Parameters studied concluded that the sealed area holds great sensitivity, significantly altering the design flow.
Modelo hidrológico distribuído unidimensional para bacias hidrográficas peri-urbanas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-30) Souza, Rávila Marques de; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Vasco, Joel; Milograna, Jussanã
This study aimed to develop and calibrate a distributed hydrological model used for a one-dimensional drainage of a peri-urban catchment using the optimization multi-objective method Non -dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA - II) for model calibration. Computational algorithms developed in MATLAB environment were adopted to make this study possible. This model allows a precipitation event to set the surface runoff hydrograph at any position of the watershed (planes or channels) regarding infiltration effect and soil physical characteristics. Objective functions were defined and used simultaneously to calibrate the model. From sensitivity analysis performed, it was found that the model is more affected by the parameters related to permeable areas. The model fit was very good, illustrating the applicability of multi-objective calibration in exploring ideal area and to obtain ideal solutions. Validation proved the efficiency of the model used for other different rainfall events in Samambaia stream basin, generating outputs with good accuracy and optimal theoretical value results for Nash & Sutcliffe coefficients of efficiency near the area region.

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