Programa de Pós-graduação em Física

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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Física por Por Orientador "BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa"

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    Estudo de encapsulação de nanopartículas magnéticas em nanoporos de alumina.
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-26) BRANQUINHO, Luis Cesar; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
    In this work we investigated the encapsulation of magnetite nanoparticles into the nanopores of anodic alumina membranes using atomic force microscopy (AFM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron magnetic resonance (EMR). Three biocompatible magnetic fluids, with different nanoparticle diameters, stably dispersed in water at physiological conditions, were used. The nanoparticles were obtained through the coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, from which we obtained the nanoparticle size and confirmed the crystal structure. The Scherrer´s relation revealed a nanoparticle diameter of 10.1nm, 12.3nm and 13.8nm. The alumina membrane were prepared through anodization process. The nanopores were arranged on a hexagonal lattice with an alumina thickness of 4 μm, a distance between pores (center to center) of 105 nm, and samples containing nanopores with diameter of 35 nm or 80 nm. The method of encapsulation of nanoparticles consisted of depositing a drop of magnetic fluid into the surface of alumina. The fluid enters the nanopores through capillarity carrying the nanoparticles into it. AFM images prove that we had success in encapsulating nanoparticles only for the alumina samples with nanopores with a size of 80 nm. Magnetization data of the alumina sample containing nanoparticles with a diameter of 13.8nm encapsulated into nanopores of 80 nm, revealed an increase, with respect to the first procedure of encapsulation, of 48 % of the nanoparticles internalized into the nanopore after the second process of encapsulation. Further, different from all the samples investigated, EMR data for the alumina containing nanopores of 80 nm and nanoparticles of 13.8 nm, after the first procedure of encapsulation, had shown perpendicular magnetization with respect to the alumina surface. The EMR spetra were curve fitted using two Gaussian lines, one representing the nanoparticles with magnetization parallel to the surface and the other perpendicular. AFM images suggest, in our sample, that residues on the alumina surface are responsible for the parallel component. The magnetic resonance field data, for the perpendicular contribution, were analyzed taking into account in the energy density terms with uniaxial and cubic symmetry. The uniaxial energy contribution had a term due to magnetic dipolar interaction, between nanoparticles forming a linear chain, a magnetostatic term, due to the nanostructures self-organization, and also a magnetoelastic contribution, which came from the stress generated by the packing of nanoparticles, whose origin were related to the dipolar interaction between nanoparticles forming the linear chain. Indeed, the theoretical analysis allowed us to conclude that the mean size of the chain could vary from 4 to 9.5 nanoparticles. Finally, after heating the alumina, at 300°C for one hour, which contained nanoparticles with a size of 10.1 nm, and dissolving it in NaOH aqueous solution, AFM data were obtained. The AFM images confirmed the existence of nanowires. The diameter distribution, obtained from the AFM images, were curve fitted with a lognormal distribution revealing a modal diameter for the nanowires of 25,8 0, ± 4nm and diameter dispersity of 0,30 ± 0,02nm .
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    Estudo do efeito de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis no sistema cardiovascular de ratos e investigação do processo de captura e exocitose das nanoestruturas por cardiomiócitos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-05-11) RAMALHO, Laylla Silva; CASTRO, Carlos Henrique de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6354834854727314; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
    Magnetic fluids consist of surface-coated magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid carrier. These nanostructures have attracted a lot of attention of the biomedical community because of its possible applications as drug carriers, disease detection, and also on the treatment of several diseases, including cardiovascular ones. This work had the following objectives: (i) evaluate the effect ex-vivo of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles in the rat heart function and, in-vivo, in the arterial blood pressure and heart rate of the rats, as well as, (ii) investigate the endocytosis and exocytosis of the nanoparticles through a magnetophoresis technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light sacttering (DLS) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The cardiac function was evaluated by the Langendorf technique under constant flow. On the other hand, in order to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles in the cardiovascular parameters, femoral artery and vein were cannulated and arterial pressure and heart rate were measure after 24 hs. The magnetic fluid infusion in the isolated heart showed a tiny increase of the intraventricular diastólic pressure and a decrease of the intraventricular systolic pressure. No changes were observed in perfusion pressure. The infusion of the magnetic nanoparticles in the rats had not promoted any significant variations of the artery pressure or the heart rate. These results suggest that magnetic nanoparticles can be used on clinical trials. In addition, magnetophoresis experiments were preformed in order to investigate phenomenon associated to nanoparticles and dissociated cardiomyocytes interactions from rat heart. Different samples containing distinct particle sizes and coating layers were evaluated as function of incubation time. It was observed that, besides endocytosis (or adsorption), an exocytosis (or desorption) mechanism start to occur above a critical time. A mathematical model that takes into account both mechanisms were developed which, together with other works from the literature, allowed us to estimate the individual wrapping time of the nanoparticles. The results show a strong dependence upon nanoparticle diameter and corroborate with theoretical models of receptor-mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles.
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    Vetorização termoinduzida de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis: uma aplicação no recobrimento de Stents nus por via líquida
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-23) RODRIGUES, Harley Fernandes; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
    In this work we developed a Dip Coating method that could control the temperature gradient between a substrate and the material that one wants to adsorb at its surface. In particular, the adsorption of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles at the surface of bare metal Stents, under different experimental conditions, was investigated. The magnetic nanoparticles consisted of magnetite coated with tripoliphosphate (mean diameter 7.68 nm and standard deviation 1.88 nm) dispersed in water at physiological conditions, while the Stent was a CoCr based-one (Cronus stent from Scitech with 16 mm length). Nine series of experiments were performed where it was controlled parameters as: time of adsorption, stent temperature and magnetic fluid temperature. The stents coated with nanoparticles were magnetically characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which allowed us to determine the number of nanoparticles at the stent surface. The increase of the magnetic moment of the stent with the increase of the adsorption time was theoretically modeled, with an excellent experimental agreement, as a transient diffusion process of nanoparticles at the interface stent-magnetic fluid, which clearly indicates an important diffusive contribution. Strong evidences of thermal diffusion (Soret effect), i.e. nanoparticle diffusion due to temperature gradient between the stent and the magnetic fluid, were shown, suggesting the possibility of nanostructures vectorization through thermal induced mechanisms. The spatial distribution of nanoparticles at the surface of the stent was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Spectroscopy by Dispersive Energy (EDS). Measurements of the compositional mapping and images of SEM revealed that the nanoparticles are not homogeneously distributed, being concentrated at the edges of the stents for the experimental conditions investigated in this work. As the VSM data, the EDS of the stents revealed an increase of the quantity of adsorbed magnetic nanoparticles at the surface with the increase of the adsorption time. The same theoretical model, know considering the amount of 26Fe in the chemical composition of the coated stent, was able to explain the experimental data. Finally, a comparison was made, using the compositional mapping study of the coated stents, between the Dip Coating and the Spray technique. The later showed a more homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles at the surface of the stent, suggesting that this technique is more adequate on the development of a biomedical nanoproduct for clinical tests.
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    Efeito magnetoforético aplicado à separação de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-04-13) SANTOS, Marcus Carrião dos; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
    In this work a magnetophoretic experiment (MPE) was developed to study the effect of a gradient of magnetic field in the diameter and size dispersivity of nanoparticles in a magnetic fluid (MF). In this experiment, the mass of a permanent magnet is measured by a balance which data varied due to the interaction with the magnetic fluid, which is placed a few centimeters above. Curves of variation of apparent mass of the magnet were obtained as function of time and related to the characteristics of fractions taken from the surface of the MF at different times. The MF consisted of magnetite nanoparticles surface-coated with phosphate. Samples were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and characterization was performed using x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Fractions of the MF were taken during the MPE at five different times. Those fractions were characterized by VSM, from which magnetic diameters were estimated. The magnetic diameters showed a decrease of nanoparticle size in the surface of the MF sample submitted to MPE for longer times of exposure to the field gradient. These same fractions were characterized by HR-TEM and histograms of nanoparticles size distribution were made. Studies of mean and modal (obtained by lognormal fit) diameters had confirmed the behavior indicated by the magnetic diameters showing a decrease of size as function of time. Studies of standard deviation and full width at half maximum (obtained by lognormal fit) had shown a decrease in dispersivity. However, studies of the σ factor were inconclusive, since no significant variations were found for nanoparticles at the experimental size range. Indeed, the MPE results had shown a variation of 16.02% in modal diameter (Dmodal), 14.63% in mean diameter, 30.90% in standard deviation e 33.33% in full width at half maximum between the original sample and the part which was exposed to gradient magnetic field by 60 hours, of fluid with largest initial diameter (Dmodal = 9.24±0.08 nm and σ=0.238±0.009). In addition magnetohyperthemia experiments at 300 kHz were obtained for each sample. Higher specific absorption rates were found for larger particle sizes, which have important applications for cancer treatment. Therefore, we concluded that the magnetophoretic experiment can be used to select the magnetic fluids properties, due to diameter and size standard deviation control, for several technological, environmental and biomedical applications.