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Navegando Doutorado em Geografia (IESA) por Por Orientador "Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar"
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Item A questão social e as transferências de renda: o programa bolsa família nos municípios goianos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-11-12) Alencar, Diego Pinheiro; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Castilho, Dênis; Lima, Leandro Oliveira de; Arriel, Marcos Fernando; Salgado, Tathiana RodriguesThe Bolsa Familia Programme (Programa Bolsa Familia - PBF) is currently the social assistance tool with the largest territorial capillarity in Brazil. The social impact of the program reflects different analytical dimensions, such as the fight against poverty and extreme poverty, income inequality by gender, conditioning to basic services (health and education), among other elements that refers to the social issue. In the economic sphere, it can be observed that the relevance occurs mainly in municipalities with a small demographic pattern and low productive dynamism, commonly dependent on intergovernmental transfers and public administration. The mapping of information regarding social vulnerability points to regional disparities in the Brazilian territory, both at the national and state levels. In Brazil, when comparing the amount of benefits issued and/or population in situations of poverty and extreme poverty, with the estimated population of the municipalities or the values passed on with economic indicators (GDP of Brazil, budget revenues, among others), the cases of the Semiarid Northeast and North of Minas Gerais stand out. In the territory of Goiás, when considering the criteria mentioned above, the Microregions of Vão do Paranã, Chapada dos Veadeiros and Porangatu stand out, which directed the selection of municipalities for sampling the field research, in which the impact that the PBF develops in the retail trade and services sectors were measured. In general, the establishments had a municipal operating radius. Regarding the profile of the clientele, the proportional participation of families living in rural areas in the acquisition of products and services available in the urban perimeter was observed, with women being the main responsible for the acquisitions. In the forms of payment, there are relations that refer to peasant society, such as, for example, the presence of "booklets" in a significant part of the establishments. On the other hand, the presence of computerised payments (credit or debit cards) is rare. The relevance of PBF resources has been constantly denoted in the narratives of local merchants, with, in some cases, "more than 50%" of interference in the collection of the establishment. The research found that the PBF in Brazil is not restricted to the field of social assistance, being characterized as an instrument to stimulate the municipal economy in locations that are not attractive to private and public capital investments. In Goiás territory, in the aforementioned MRs, the relevance of the program as an element of dynamization of the retail trade and services sectors is noticeable.Item Estratégia espacial no mercado mundial de carne: a internacionalização do setor frigorífico brasileiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-29) Aurélio Neto, Onofre Pereira; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Castilho, Denis; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Oliveira, Floriano José Godinho de; Arriel, Marcos FernandoThis study is an analysis of Brazil's participation in the global meat market (beef, pork and chicken) and the emergence of Brazilian multinationals in the meatpacking sector, considering each stage of the internationalization process: national distribution, export, commercial offices, foreign production/distribution units and network organization. In this context, the study covers the JBS, Marfrig, Minerva and BRF case studies, and their trajectory from single location servicing national distribution to the multilocational expansion of these companies on a global scale. The study was based on bibliographic and documental research, with survey and treatment of secondary data, being the quantitative research allied with the case study and fieldwork in operational units (subsidiaries) in Brazil and abroad. In order to understand Brazil's competitiveness in relation to the production and export of meat as a commodity, it considers the logistics of exporting this product, identifying the means of transportation, ports and destination markets. Despite the bottlenecks within exportation logistics and the trade barriers faced by Brazilian products, it was found that Brazil is competitive in the international meat trade, with further potential to increase its participation in the global marketplace. To realize this potential, the country needs to reduce the operational obstacles inherent to internal logistics, through the creation of new export corridors and the deconcentration of ports. Despite being a so-called "global market," it has been found that this is a competitive environment, permeated by trade barriers that restrict access to commodities in some of the world's major markets. Some Brazilian companies in the meatpacking sector have opted to move forward in the internationalization process through direct foreign investment, acquiring operating units outside of Brazil, characterizing them as multinationals. As such, in the cases studied, the acquisitions and construction of overseas production units have been shown to form part of these companies' spatial strategy, to overcome trade barriers and increase operational revenue and their share in the world market. In turn, this network organization of Brazilian meat multinationals enables head offices to control their subsidiaries and favors the expansion of their operating markets, through establishing commercial contracts on a global scale. In this way, JBS, Marfrig, Minerva and BRF challenged the traditional order of the global economy and were able to compete directly with foreign companies in their own markets. In addition, these companies facilitated the integration between spaces which were otherwise considered disconnected, through their production and commercialization circuits.Item A influência da Ferrovia Norte-Sul no desenvolvimento regional do território goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-12) Campos, Flávia Rezende; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Mota, Fernando Cézar de Macedo; Melazzo, Everaldo Santos; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Monsueto, Sandro EduardoThe transport infrastructure plays a key role in the economic development process of countries. Throughout history, the modernization of transport promoted numerous economic advances and the integration of global territories, like the railways. In Brazil, the regional rail systems fulfill their role in the flow of primary products in the early twentieth century, with few contributions to the unification of markets, especially the internal, showing weak capacity for coordination between regions. There was overlap between the highways in this process over the railways under national policy, in which the highways becomes a priority in the movement of goods and people. In view of the current logistical difficulties due to the increasing demand for transport products (agricultural and mining), planning for the development of projects on construction and revitalization of the railway has intensified, especially from Acceleration Program Growth. In this scenario, the North-South Railway, a project initiated in the 1980s, is presented as an attempt to promote the integration of the Brazilian territory from north to south, with a length of 4197 km. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the North-South Railway in regional development of Goiás, especially in the center and north of the state. Therefore, we examine the behavior of circulation networks (railways) brazilian and the role of actors in this process (State and private actors) over the decades as well as the formation of Goiás networks, especially the Estrada de Ferro Goiás and the BR-153, which were important in the insertion of Goiás economy in the national productive logic. Another aspect discussed in the research related to the influence of transport in industrial agglomerations in the light of Theories of Regional Development, comprising the dynamics of economic activity in space. Finally, we show the likely impacts of the North-South Railway in the development of municipalities in the north-central Goiás from the variables product, income, employment and tax revenues. The methodological procedures based on literature for theoretical and empirical foundation, desk research and field work in municipalities that are crossed by the North-South Railway in Goiás. Descriptive analyzes of the data were performed and the measurement of the economic impacts of the North-South Railway by econometric approach. The results showed an increase in the variables listed in railway construction period in Goiás and favorable estimates when in operation, with reference to the Tocantins municipalities where the the North-South Railway is working. What is expected is that the North-South Railway is an important element in Goiás regional development towards its productive integration with relevant municipal impacts on its population.Item Modernização territorial e redes técnicas em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-18) Castilho, Dênis; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Alencar; Oliveira, Floriano José Godinho de; Capel, Horacio; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Chaveiro, Eguimar FelícioIf modernity marks a historical period influencing society as a whole, despite of the imperatives of this period, modernization varies in time and space. It means that there are modernizations and not necessarily a single modernization. Despite of having roots and strong connections with events triggered in Europe at first, that's why modernizations performed in Brazil do not have the same procedure as that continent. This led us to consider territorial modernization as an expansion of the capitalist mode process by places or as a spatial manifestation of modernity itself. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to understand the meanings of modernization and territorial dimension of this phenomenon in Goiás. So, we analyze the concept and present four common problems in contemporary debates. The first concerns to its naturalization in scientific community. The second concerns the way space is designed. The third is about the analysis of modern process by pairs opposites and separate, which inevitably culminate in dualistic approaches . The fourth is a reflection of the theoretical dualism of interpretations on goiano territory. The discussion of these problems has led us to propose some possible ways of interpretation. From the first issue we present the need of discussing the meanings of modernization, the second, the proposed analysis of this phenomenon as a territorial process, the third and fourth, the interpretive way through technical networks because these are strategic components of action of social actors and important means of expansion of modernization and the connection among places, especially in the current context. Among technical networks we use transport (railway and highway) and electricity as examples to understand the spatial distribution of modern processes in Goiás . From a theoretical-methodological perspective, these networks were analyzed considering the genesis and evolution (formation), the role of social actors (politics-action) and materialization of the processes (spatial distribution). The methodological procedures were based on literature research, documentary research in both print and on-line collections of public and private institutions, field work and mapping. The analysis of railway, highway and electricity networks considered their influences in the organization of goiano territory in different periods, but also how they were formed according to actions of social actors, especially the State. This way proved that politics always preceded and grounded technical-productive elements. However, if the territorial scope modernization is dictated by politics, its operation becomes basically the technical networks, that´s why they are constituted as strategic components and means by which certain groups act to dominate other groups and pieces of space. That's why nowadays, despite of achieving its full form – obtaining a capability to "pulverize" never seen in history before - how places are absorbed and / or produced within the social relations of production shows features that also emerge from modernization: differentiation and spatial inequality. The formation of privileged spaces is a symptom of this process and draws attention to the fact that despite the densification of technological increments and connections among places, tensions also are spread everywhere, putting in contact the diversity of the world, but also the aggressiveness of the actions. That's why modernization should be thought as a process, once its production is limited, above all, in political and territorial levels.Item A metropolização e o mercado imobiliário: análise da produção do espaço a partir dos condomínios de chácaras da RMG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-03) Lima, Leandro Oliveira de; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Alencar; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; Moyses, Aristides; Ribeiro, Marcelo GomesThe metropolis has been a special area of research in the media or even in Geography. The reasons themselves have been various and countless since the industrial revolution. In Brazil, a metropolis is a territory of dispute. Therefore, its natual way of concentrating goods, servicesand capital, along with the government funding programs in metropolitan areas such as PAC and My House My Life, cause many problems, among the ones most discussed by the press, such as health and education, besides spatial order as urban mobility, housing and sanitation. In these terms, the objective of this research is analyzing the production of the metropolitan area by the real estate market bias and the impacts of real estate brokers in converting rural land into condo farms. We believe that the real state actors from RMG, their acting and strategies are currently inducing the metropolitan sprawling. The pattern of fragmentation of urban land (whether for construction of apartment buildings for second homes, farms , exclusive condominiums or housing ) conducted by RMG follows the strategy of real estate developers with significant impact on reproduction and daily life of the metropoliscausing the pressure and appreciation of soil, causing even the gentrification of some areas of the metropolis goiana. In these terms, our thesis was that the local stock actors in association with the concentration of surplus income from Goiania altered the metropolis to trigger rural stocks from RMG as a condition for the reversal of capital. Even if not fully dense, the condos farms operate as "store of value" and serve the interests of a small portion of goianienses. This fact, expressed as spatial response of the real estate actors encouraged us to observe the character of concentrating income from space. The existence of a market for integrated land and the accumulation of economic power in the RMG made the metropolitan spatial production an important issue for Geography in Goiânia. From a methodological standpoint, our data collecting involved gathering primary and secondary information, document analysis and mapping. These steps enabled the correlation processes sociogeographic about RMG. The metropolis is / was the scale of investigation and intervention, both for research and for the actors of the metropolitan space. The contribution of this research lies in the discussion of vertical condominiums farms as a new pattern of use, ownership and housing in metropolitan environments, as well as intervention strategies of the actors of the real estate market in the process of making space.Item Comunidade e núcleos urbanos em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-12-04) Rodrigues, Gisele Silva; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Castilho, Denis; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues; Batella, Wagner BarbosaCommunities are the result of settled human groups that resource space for their own subsistence, by means of technology and exchange between collectivities. Since the early Portuguese colonization, the formation of communities indicates an urban purpose, the example of the urban cores in Goiás-Brazil. The Goiás territory has an expressive number of communities since its inception, which evidences their demographic relevance. Their spatial integration in-between and throughout the country was promoted by the local resources, available workforce and surplus produce for trade, in addition to inside and outside actors participating in the territorial administrative and political system, all of which contributed to the recognition of this research’s potential. The community is the public/common governed space of practiced power, set, ordered and produced by politics. The objective of this thesis is to comprehend the historical-geographic formation of communities in the Goiás territorial arrangement process. The thesis follows that the human groupings formed communities by spatial occupation, a fundamental determinant on the emergence of urban cores that may, according to their development and the recognition of their political-administrative situation, lead to territorial fragmentation by municipalization - the municipality being the lesser scale of institutional order and thus entailing the invisibility of the community as its political autonomy is overridden. To meet the proposed objectives and prove this thesis, the investigation counted with methodological procedures such as bibliographic review, secondary data collection, mapping of information and field research of five district town centers in Goiás. The period for the research spans since the Goiás communities origins, but comprises specifically the 1920-2010 period for the obtained secondary data and 2017-2018 for the field analysis. The spatialization of the communities was conceived in two distinct moments: the first one, denominated political visibility, covers the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries; the second one, called political invisibility, compasses the second quarter of 20th century and onwards. Accordingly, the research can be categorized as an effort of synthesis, namely, a study of general interpretation. In conclusion, we prove that the formation of community and its spatial integration defined the current urban net and municipal fragmentation of Goiás.Item Setor de serviços e urbanização em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-04-28) Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Bessa, Kelly Cristine Fernandes; Castilho, Denis; Lopes, Tiago Camarinha; Campos, Flávia RezendeSince the 1970s, the service sector has been the most significant economic activity in the composition of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the generation of formal jobs in the state of Goiás. Besides the economic importance, the strong tendency towards the spatial concentration of the activities that are part of the services sector contributed to the recognition of a research problem. Considering this, we propose to conduct a geographical study on the services sector in Goiás. The research aims to recognize the patterns of distribution of tertiary activities and the spatial implications of this ordering. Our hypothesis is that the distribution of the activities of this economic domain is fundamental determinant in the regional hierarchy of Goiás. To reach this objective and verify the hypothesis, we used methodological procedures such as bibliographic review, secondary data collection and information mapping. The research can be defined as a descriptive study of statistical character and spatial analysis. As our objective is to analyze the evolutionary process of the spatial distribution of services, the time limit covers more specifically the period from 1940 to 2015, and includes a historical digression on the genesis of the industry in Goiás. In this way, the spatialization of services was divided into two distinct moments: the first, called past urbanization, covers the period from 1940 to the end of the 1980s; the second term, known as recent urbanization, covers 1990 to 2015. This temporal limit allowed us to understand the current organization of the service sector in the state, which would not be possible if we adopted only more recent time limits. In the end, this research demonstrates how the distribution of service sector activities defined the current structure of the state urban network.Item A erosão do espaço público: uma cartografia da desafetação das áreas públicas municipais em Goiânia, entre 1954 a 2016(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-12-10) Souza, Maria Ester de; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Schwasberg, Benny; Oliveira, Adriana Mara Vaz de; Zechin, Patrick Di Almeida Vieira; Lima, Leandro Oliveira dePublic space is the very reason the city exists. The production and appropriation of this urban space reflects the human culture materialized in cities, in any historical time and in any territory. The thesis starts from the premise that public space, even outside the context in which it is formally created - urban laws - is a territory of dispute between the agents involved in the production of urban space. In the normative context, the public space, named Municipal Public Area, becomes a financial asset for public management through a legal process called disaffection. The Law on Disaffection allows the change of public destination of immovable property, making it, according to the literature of law, alienable, and can be donated, transferred, loaned or sold by the government. Despite being an expedient of the legal system, provided for in the urban legislation, the process of disaffection takes on a political character in the constitution of a city when it reveals the use of the land of the APMs by the real estate agents and politicians, for the formation of a stock of land for commercialization, contrary to the same legislation that states that urban planning should be guided to the social function of the city and property. It turns out that, in the tradition of the formation of Brazilian cities, urban land has always been understood as heritage, a monopoly of the few. It is possible to identify in the city of Goiânia, a stock of land little known by the set of inhabitants of the city. These are lands scattered throughout the urban space that, generally because they are not built or urbanized for public use, are confused with private areas. This action is functional for the real estate market that bets on the invisibility of APMs as a strategy to increase its monopoly and thus maintain control over city planning. To demonstrate this hypothesis, from the methodological point of view, an evolutionary cartography of the disaffection was elaborated. From the survey of the laws published in the Official Gazette of the City of Goiânia, from 1954 to 2016, disaffected APMs (donated or sold) were cataloged and analyzed from a periodization in three phases. In addition, the survey of the urban regulatory framework in the capital contributed to the data analysis. The maps reveal the erosion process of the public space in the capital of Goiás and how this process remains regular, that is, laws of public areas disruption are being published daily, precarious urban space