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Navegando IESA - Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais por Por Orientador "Bueno, Guilherme Taitson"

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    Evolução da paisagem em relevo de chapada no Cerrado
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-11) Borges, Mariley Gonçalves; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno , Guilherme Taitson; Almeida, Maria Ivete Soares de; Leite, Marcos Esdras; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; Bayer, Maximiliano
    The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the spatial representation of wetlands (veredas) in the context of the watershed from the Cerrado, the stage of evolution of the reliefs of planation surfaces and their reflections on the dynamics of the slopes and on the functioning of the river channels. The study was carried out in the watersheds of Catolé (BHCC) and Borrachudo (BHRB) rivers, in the North of Minas Gerais. It is justified by 1) the importance of understanding the evolution of the reliefs of planation surfaces in the Cerrado and its reflections on the landscapes, on the functioning of the slopes and on the hydrological dynamics of the river channels, in the context of the hydrographic basins; and 2) the environmental relevance of the Cerrado wetlands, which ar responsible for increasing the residence time of water in the basins, for the quality of river water, and for the stock of organic C. For this purpose, the morphometric study of the watersheds, the application of dissection and moisture indices, the estimation of soil loss potential (USLE) and the mapping and classification of wetlands were performed using geoprocessing. River discharge measurements, of the physical and physicochemical parameters of water analyzes were also carried out in loco and in the laboratory over a hydrological year. It was found that the wetlands of the BHCC have greater spatial representation than for BHRB, that is, 27.9 km² more area. The distribution of wetlands in the study area is associated with the areas of still preserved planation surfaces. Compared to the BHRB, it was found that the BHCC has less dissected relief, lower drainage density and lower slopes. Its moisture content is higher and the longitudinal profile of its main channel is less adjusted to the profile considered in "balance", that is, a significant part of the basin is located upstream of the main knickpoint of the channel, therefore not yet adjusted to the current baselevel. These characteristics are compatible with the hydrological, the physical and physicochemical parameters of water, which indicated that the Catolé river has a more regular flow and water with less turbidity, that is, less sediment transport in the basin. The results showed that the geomorphological evolution is at a more advanced stage in the BHRB, which indicates a natural tendency towards a decrease in wetlands area, predominance of dissected reliefs and greater transport of sediments by the river network.
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    Mapeamento de superfícies de aplanamento no centro-norte da Amazônia
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-27) Mantovani, José Roberto Amaro; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Alcântara, Enner Herenio de; Sakamoto, Arnaldo Yoso; Cherem, Luís Felipe Soares; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo
    The recognition of the different planation surfaces of a region provides a picture of the structure of its relief and helps to understand the distribution of its surface formations. Mapping of planation surfaces traditionally carried out by geomorphologists is subject to strong interference from decision makers and there are few proposals for automated mapping. The manual and analogical methods depend fundamentally on the interpretation of the decision maker and often lack mathematical logic, and may be relative, biased and inaccurate. The structure of the reliefs of the Amazon and its natural resources are still little known by researchers and by Brazilian society and the mapping of their planation surfaces can assist in this task. This thesis has as its study area the center-north of the Amazon, covering parts of the territories of Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana. Thus, the main objective is to contribute to the methodologies for mapping the planation surfaces as a resource for understanding the spatial distribution of surface formations (soils, laterites, alluviums, mineral occurrences). As specific objectives, we sought to a) develop an automated methodology for mapping planation surfaces to tectonically stable areas; b) check if there is a correlation between the distribution of the surfaces of the mapped areas and the distribution of their surface formations; c) relate the mapped surfaces to the surfaces recognized by the literature and their ages. The methodology is divided into the following stages: 1. Elaboration of a mathematical algorithm using geoprocessing techniques to get data base from remote sensing, specifically radar, extracted from images of the PALSAR sensor (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar), on board the ALOS satellite (Advanced Land Observing Satellite).This stage was carried out for a control area, which has two planation surface that are very clear and still little disturbed by river dissection, located in the municipality of Chapada Gaúcha-MG; 2. Application of the proposed methodology to the central-northern region of the Amazon; 3. Obtaining data on surface formations (soils, sediments, laterites) of the two regions and checking, through geoprocessing, digital cartography and graphical representations, the correlations between surface formations and mapped surfaces. In the control area, reliefs associated with three planation surfaces were identified: first surface, associated with the Velhas surface (the most recent and of lowest altitude), between 685 and 800 m; a second surface, associated with the South American surface (intermediate in age and with a better degree of flattening), between 801 to 881 m; and a third surface, between 882 and 898 m, associated with Post-Gondwana (oldest and represented only by dissected forms located altimetrically above the level of South American surface).The mapped surfaces showed good correlation with the types of surface formations (soils), indicating that the structure of natural landscapes has a direct relationship with the distribution of planation surfaces, considering their flat remnants and the reliefs resulting from their dissection The inconsistencies found can be fundamentally attributed to the incompatibility of scales between the surface map and the soil map available for the studied area. For the central-northern region of the Amazon, the proposed model allowed the identification of five planation surfaces in the strip that extends from the highlands of the border between Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana to the axis of the Amazon River, near the city of Manaus: a summit surface, which was associated with to Gondwana surface, between 855 and 2,745 m; a second surface, between 525 to 854 m, associated to Post-Gondwana; a third surface, between 279 and 524 m, associated to South American; a fourth surface, between 114 and 278 m, associated with to Velhas Precoce surface (Early Velhas surface), and a fifth surface, associated with to Velhas Tardio surface (Late Velhas). For each surface, the remaining flat areas and the dissected areas were mapped. The spatial distribution of geomorphological surfaces showed a good correlation with the spatial distribution of mapped surface formations. In the first three surfaces, young soils predominate, whose presence was attributed to the erosion of surface formations and the rock exposure. The two lower altitude surfaces present a greater diversity of soils, due to the increase of flattened areas under more deficient drainage conditions (Spodosols, Plintossols, Gleisols, Planossols), in addition to Latosols and Acrisols, which are dominant. The mapping proposal presented coherent and unprecedented results on the distribution of planation surfaces in the north-central Amazon, making it possible to infer the distribution of surface formations in the region.
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    Mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra e impactos ambientais nas áreas úmidas na Chapada do Bugre (Triângulo Mineiro) entre 1987 e 2018
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-15) Monteiro, Marcelo Cardoso; Sousa, Sílvio Braz de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5542860613403348; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Nunes, Elizon Dias; Silva, Adriana Aparecida
    The Chapadas are environments formed by several ecosystems with great physical and biological diversity, represented by the humid systems composed by veredas / murundus fields and other environments belonging to the dissected areas. Chapada do Bugre, the object of study, is located in the Rio Paranaíba/Rio Grande’s Interfluvium and can be considered representative of similar landscapes in Central Brazil that have undergone the process of converting the Cerrado into mechanized pastures and monocultures. The aim of this work is to analyze the landscape dynamics of this Chapada, located between the cities of Uberlândia and Uberaba, considering its dynamism, the land use between 1987 and 2017 and the environmental impacts on its wetlands in veredas and murundus fields. The work was developed from bibliographic research, field work and data analysis and interpretation, having as methodological focus the application of geotechnologies, represented by Geographic Information System (GIS), Satellite Positioning System (GPS), remote sensing and geoprocessing for landscape study. The results of this research quantify a reduction of approximately 49% of vegetation cover (a reduction of 463.7 km² in native vegetation of these environments). Such reduction occurs concurrently with the reduction of wetlands, which had a shrinkage of occupied area by 25%, from approximately 477 km², in 1987, to 357 km² in 2018 (a loss of approximately 119 km² of wetlands). Among the main types of impacts observed in the region, the following stand out: drainage of hydromorphic depression, insertion of exotic species (pinus) in murundus area, water with altered natural properties, roads crossing wetlands of murundus fields, water dam in vereda environment for agriculture irrigation.
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    Uso do sensoriamento remoto no estudo da distribuição da matéria orgânica do solo de uma área úmida isolada de topo plano
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-13) Moreira, Helena Gladis Bozzo; Sales, Jepherson Correia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3851725882820009; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Rosolen, Vania Silvia
    Soil organic matter (SOM) is an indicator of soil quality, and understanding its distribution is fundamental to the debate on carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions. In recent decades, remote sensing has contributed to the study of soils and the distribution of SOM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using spectral data to study the prediction and spatial distribution of organic matter content in the surface horizon of an isolated flat-topped wetland in the municipality of Cordeirópolis, in the state of São Paulo. A linear statistical model of the wetland was constructed to predict the distribution of MOS, which was validated using the relationship between the spectral indices analyzed and the MOS content obtained by field and laboratory sampling. The evolution of land use around the isolated depression between 1985 and 2022 was also analyzed using data available on the Mapbiomas platform. In the results obtained with the model from Sentinel-2A satellite images, the minimum MOS value was 22 g/kg and the maximum was 47.66 g/kg, which is in agreement with the data collected in the field, which ranged from a minimum of 27.55 g/kg to a maximum of 42.07 g/kg, with an accuracy - R² of 0.88, a root mean square error - RMSE of 3.62 and a mean absolute error - MAE of 2.64. The results of applying the model to RPAS images (drones) reached a minimum value of 25.25 g/kg and a maximum value of 48.92 g/kg MOS, also close to the data collected in the field. On the RPAS scale, R² of 0.88, RMSE of 3.62, MAE of 2.85 and mean square error - MSE of 13.11 were obtained. It can be considered that the proposed method was satisfactory in predicting the MOS content of the soils in the studied wetland, demonstrating the gains in scale for using the method with satellite images and RPAS
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    Estrutura e funcionamento de um campo de murundus da savana brasileira
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-01) Sales, Jepherson Correia; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Rosolen, Vânia Silva; Diniz, Alisson Duarte; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo
    The occurrence of non-anthropogenic earth-mounds dispersed in the landscape occurs in various parts of the world. The mounds fields of the Brazilian Savanna are examples of this category of intriguing natural phenomenon. They cover extensive areas on planning surfaces in the transition from hydromorphic environments to orthomorphic environments, forming a smoothly flat and continuous surface with earth-mounds organized in a standardized way. Often, these micro-reliefs are in framing humid areas that present themselves in the form of small isolated depressions, either associated with the drainage headwaters, or even along small water courses. The morphological characteristics of these mounds seem to be distributed in an orderly manner within the mounds field and associated with hydrological dynamics, however this theme is little explored in the literature. The genesis of these microreliefs is not yet consensual. The main hypotheses for the formation of earth-mounds are divided into: i) construction of earth-mounds by termite action, from the surface of the land; ii) lowering the surroundings of the earth-mounds, due to differential erosion processes; iii) mechanisms of differential erosion and standardization of vegetation. The present thesis aims to: i) present a bibliographic review with a survey of the main studies carried out in mounds fields in Brazil and around the world, as well as on technical-methodological procedures for wetland analysis, microtopography and survey of soil and water aimed at an integrated analysis of the landscape; ii) to analyze the morphological characteristics of the earth-mounds and the structural characteristics of a mounds field in the context of the evolution of the landscape of the Brazilian Savanna; iii) present the main physic physic-chemical hydrological flows and the processes occurring in the soil and in the water of a mounds field, associated with the distribution pattern of the earth-mounds. Unmanned aerial vehicle data (UAV) and orbital satellites were used. The spectral and morphometric data of the study area were manipulated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment and analyzed using descriptive, multivariate, and clustering statistical techniques to obtain the structural compartments of the study area. Field activities were also carried out to collect water and soil, as well as physical-chemical-mineralogical analysis of the soil and analysis of the physical-chemical dynamics of the water, in the structural compartments identified. The results show that: i) the geometric characteristics of the earth-mounds, individual (perimeter, area, volume, circularity index and height), or together (distance from the nearest neighbor and density), occurred in an orderly way of the study area. The distribution of the earth-mounds revealed a gradient of geometric values from the edge to the center of the mounds field; ii) the top altitude of the earth-mounds with greater volume has a relative agreement with the altitude of the plateau areas surrounding the study area, indicating that the earth-mounds are remnants of an old surface that connected the plateau to the top of the current earth-mounds; iii) the reflectance analysis of the targets revealed the existence of concentric ordered compartments in the study area. The compartments express the distribution of the characteristics of the surface of the mounds field, such as: the vegetation, the soil and the geometry of the earth mounds; iv) the processes occurring in the soil indicate that: the loss and precipitation of iron, the physical distribution, the accumulation of aluminum and organic matter occur in an orderly manner in the compartments; and v) the superficial and subsurface flows of water identified in the study area, converge from the edge to the center of the mounds field. These flows act in the distribution of the earth-mounds, in the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil and in the chemistry of the water inside the study area. These findings may contribute to the understanding of differential erosion as a source that forms the murundus fields of the Brazilian Savannah, as well as encourage the discovery of new knowledge about the functioning of these environments.